from https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Persistent_truncus_arteriosus
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{{Infobox medical condition
| name = Persistent truncus arteriosus
| synonym = Common arterial trunk, trunks arterioles communis, common aorticopulmonary trunk<ref name=Vincent2011>{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Francis P. |editor1-last=Ho |editor1-first=Vincent B. |editor2-last=Reddy |editor2-first=Gautham P. |title=Cardiovascular Imaging |volume=1 |date=2011 |publisher=Saunders, Elsevier |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-1-4160-5335-4 |pages=616-624 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |language=en |chapter=45. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013212213/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |url-status=live }}</ref> patent truncus arteriosus
| image = Truncus arteriosus.jpg
| image_size =
| image_thumbtime =
| alt =
| caption = Illustration of truncus arteriosus
| pronounce =
| field = [[Cardiac surgery]]
| symptoms = '''First few days''': Mild [[cyanosis|bluish skin]]<br>'''Later''': Poor activity, poor feeding, fast breathing<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| onset = [[Birth defect|Present at birth]]<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| duration =
| types =
| causes = Unknown<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| risks = [[DiGeorge syndrome]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound of the heart]]<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| differential = [[Tetralogy of Fallot]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous return]], [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]], [[coarctation of the aorta]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| prevention =
| treatment = [[Prostaglandin E1]], breathing support, [[furosemide]], surgery<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| medication =
| prognosis = 20 year survival >80% with treatment<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| frequency = 7 per 100,000 live births<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| deaths =
| video1 = [[File:Truncus arteriosus video.webm|frameless|upright=1.36|Video explanation]]
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Persistent truncus arteriosus''' ('''PTA''') is a [[congenital heart disease]] that presents with a common [[ventricular outflow tract]], [[ventricular septal defect]] (VSD), and single truncal valve.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first few days of life there may be no symptoms, with the development of [[cyanosis|bluish skin]] over the next few weeks.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> Without surgery, this is followed by [[heart failure]] with poor activity, [[failure to thrive|poor feeding]], and fast breathing.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Complications may include [[Eisenmenger syndrome]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause is generally unknown, though the condition may be associated with [[DiGeorge syndrome]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves failure of the [[truncus arteriosus (embryology)|truncus arteriosus]] to divide into the [[pulmonary trunk]] and [[aorta]] during [[early development]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> This results in blood from both sides of the heart mixing before it enters the [[coronary arteries]], [[pulmonary arteries]], and [[systemic circulation]].<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> One in four cases have significant truncal valve narrowing and back flow of blood.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> The condition may be suspected based on an [[Electrocardiography|ECG]] showing enlargement of both ventricles, a [[chest X-ray]] showing a large heart, and a [[systolic heart murmur]].<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Confirmation is by [[ultrasound of the heart]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
<!-- Treatment and prognosis-->
Initial treatment may include [[prostaglandin E1]] and breathing support.<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref> If [[pulmonary edema]] is present [[furosemide]], [[CPAP]], and avoiding extra oxygen may be recommended.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Surgery correction is recommended within the first month of life.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> About 75% of people require a further operation in their next 10 years of life.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Without treatment, around 40% do not survive beyond one month.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> Around 5% do not survive surgery, but of those that do, survival is 90% at 5 years, 85% at 10-years, and 83% at 15 years.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- Epidemiology and history -->
PTA is rare, affecting about 7 per 100,000 live births.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> It accounts for around 0.4% to 4% of all heart defects that present at birth.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> The work "truncus arteriosus" is Latin for single artery.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> It was first described by [[James Wilson (anatomist)|James Wilson]] in 1798.<ref name=Vincent2011>{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Francis P. |editor1-last=Ho |editor1-first=Vincent B. |editor2-last=Reddy |editor2-first=Gautham P. |title=Cardiovascular Imaging |volume=1 |date=2011 |publisher=Saunders, Elsevier |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-1-4160-5335-4 |pages=616-624 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |language=en |chapter=45. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013212213/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==References==
<references />
Okumaya devam et...
New page
{{Infobox medical condition
| name = Persistent truncus arteriosus
| synonym = Common arterial trunk, trunks arterioles communis, common aorticopulmonary trunk<ref name=Vincent2011>{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Francis P. |editor1-last=Ho |editor1-first=Vincent B. |editor2-last=Reddy |editor2-first=Gautham P. |title=Cardiovascular Imaging |volume=1 |date=2011 |publisher=Saunders, Elsevier |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-1-4160-5335-4 |pages=616-624 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |language=en |chapter=45. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013212213/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |url-status=live }}</ref> patent truncus arteriosus
| image = Truncus arteriosus.jpg
| image_size =
| image_thumbtime =
| alt =
| caption = Illustration of truncus arteriosus
| pronounce =
| field = [[Cardiac surgery]]
| symptoms = '''First few days''': Mild [[cyanosis|bluish skin]]<br>'''Later''': Poor activity, poor feeding, fast breathing<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| onset = [[Birth defect|Present at birth]]<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| duration =
| types =
| causes = Unknown<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| risks = [[DiGeorge syndrome]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound of the heart]]<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| differential = [[Tetralogy of Fallot]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous return]], [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]], [[coarctation of the aorta]]<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| prevention =
| treatment = [[Prostaglandin E1]], breathing support, [[furosemide]], surgery<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| medication =
| prognosis = 20 year survival >80% with treatment<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| frequency = 7 per 100,000 live births<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
| deaths =
| video1 = [[File:Truncus arteriosus video.webm|frameless|upright=1.36|Video explanation]]
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Persistent truncus arteriosus''' ('''PTA''') is a [[congenital heart disease]] that presents with a common [[ventricular outflow tract]], [[ventricular septal defect]] (VSD), and single truncal valve.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first few days of life there may be no symptoms, with the development of [[cyanosis|bluish skin]] over the next few weeks.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> Without surgery, this is followed by [[heart failure]] with poor activity, [[failure to thrive|poor feeding]], and fast breathing.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Complications may include [[Eisenmenger syndrome]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause is generally unknown, though the condition may be associated with [[DiGeorge syndrome]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves failure of the [[truncus arteriosus (embryology)|truncus arteriosus]] to divide into the [[pulmonary trunk]] and [[aorta]] during [[early development]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> This results in blood from both sides of the heart mixing before it enters the [[coronary arteries]], [[pulmonary arteries]], and [[systemic circulation]].<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> One in four cases have significant truncal valve narrowing and back flow of blood.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> The condition may be suspected based on an [[Electrocardiography|ECG]] showing enlargement of both ventricles, a [[chest X-ray]] showing a large heart, and a [[systolic heart murmur]].<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref><ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Confirmation is by [[ultrasound of the heart]].<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref>
<!-- Treatment and prognosis-->
Initial treatment may include [[prostaglandin E1]] and breathing support.<ref name=Bar2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Barata IA | title = Cardiac emergencies | journal = Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | volume = 31 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–704 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23915599 | doi = 10.1016/j.emc.2013.04.007 }}</ref> If [[pulmonary edema]] is present [[furosemide]], [[CPAP]], and avoiding extra oxygen may be recommended.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Surgery correction is recommended within the first month of life.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> About 75% of people require a further operation in their next 10 years of life.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> Without treatment, around 40% do not survive beyond one month.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> Around 5% do not survive surgery, but of those that do, survival is 90% at 5 years, 85% at 10-years, and 83% at 15 years.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- Epidemiology and history -->
PTA is rare, affecting about 7 per 100,000 live births.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> It accounts for around 0.4% to 4% of all heart defects that present at birth.<ref name=Raja2020>{{cite book |last1=Sainathan |first1=Sandeep W. |last2=Bayle |first2=Ken-Michael |last3=Knott-Craig |first3=Christopher |last4=Boston |first4=Umar |editor1-last=Raja |editor1-first=Shahzad G. |title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide |date=2020 |publisher=Springer |location=Switzerland |isbn=978-3-030-24176-6 |pages=891-895 |chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |language=en |chapter=98. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2022-10-16 |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022101...wAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA891 |url-status=live }}</ref> The work "truncus arteriosus" is Latin for single artery.<ref name=Stat2020>{{cite journal |last1=Bhansali |first1=S |last2=Phoon |first2=C |title=Truncus Arteriosus |date=January 2020 |pmid=30521195}}</ref> It was first described by [[James Wilson (anatomist)|James Wilson]] in 1798.<ref name=Vincent2011>{{cite book |last1=Chan |first1=Francis P. |editor1-last=Ho |editor1-first=Vincent B. |editor2-last=Reddy |editor2-first=Gautham P. |title=Cardiovascular Imaging |volume=1 |date=2011 |publisher=Saunders, Elsevier |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-1-4160-5335-4 |pages=616-624 |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |language=en |chapter=45. Truncus arteriosus |access-date=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013212213/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6Cxy9C-98_IC&pg=PA616 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==References==
<references />
Okumaya devam et...