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Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 01:23, 30 April 2024 |
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| == Early life, education, and family == | == Early life, education, and family == |
| Margaret Grey Eyes Solomon was born in November 1816 in [[Marion County, Ohio]], along the banks of [[Kokosing River|Owl Creek]].<ref name="Croneis 1991a">{{cite news |last=Croneis |first=James F. |display-authors=etal |date=July 26, 1991 |title=A Short History of the Indians of Crawford and Wyandot Counties (Part 17) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/telegraph-forum-a-short-history-of-the-i/144963840/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408124227/https://www.newspapers.com/article/telegraph-forum-a-short-history-of-the-i/144963840/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=April 8, 2024 |work=Telegraph-Forum |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{efn|James F. Croneis, ''[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]'', and Ronald I. Marvin Jr. cite birthdates of November 26, 27, and 29, respectively.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />}} The oldest of at least four siblings and two half-siblings,<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889">{{cite news |date=September 29, 1889 |title=Mother Solomon. Last of the Wyandot Indian Tribe in This State. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-mother-solomon/144959222/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024040...cincinnati-enquirer-mother-solomon/144959222/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=April 8, 2024 |work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |page=19 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=53—54}} her father was the [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]] chief John "Squire" Grey Eyes,{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}}{{efn|Kathryn Magee Labelle cites his given name as "Lewis". Variations on the surname include "Greyeyes" and "Grey-Eyes",{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} sometimes with the spelling "Gray".<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />}} and her mother was named Eliza.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} Following tradition, Eliza pierced Solomon's ears a few days after birth, and as they healed, inserted chicken feathers in place of future jewelry. Solomon only received her given name upon the [[Green Corn Ceremony|Green Corn Feast]] held in August.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /> Later, an uncle recounted to her the history of their "Grey Eyes" surname.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} When Solomon was four, she and her father traveled 50 miles to [[Hancock County, Ohio|Hancock County]] on a hunting trip. They camped one night at [[Fort Findlay]] in a [[blockhouse]] built by president [[William Henry Harrison]].<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /> That year, Squire also accompanied Solomon to the [[Olentangy Indian Caverns]]. She was too afraid to explore them, but realized the importance of visiting such sites where her ancestors had held meetings or hid from enemies. She and her family, busy hunting and trading along village footpaths,{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=55}} relocated to a small cabin in the [[Big Spring Township, Ohio|Big Spring Reservation]] two years later.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /><ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=55}} | Margaret Grey Eyes Solomon was born in November 1816 in [[Marion County, Ohio]], along the banks of [[Kokosing River|Owl Creek]].<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889">{{cite news |date=September 29, 1889 |title=Mother Solomon. Last of the Wyandot Indian Tribe in This State. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-mother-solomon/144959222/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408135911/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-mother-solomon/144959222/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=April 8, 2024 |work=[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]] |page=19 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{efn|James F. Croneis, ''[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]'', and Ronald I. Marvin Jr. cite birthdates of November 26, 27, and 29, respectively.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />}} The oldest of at least four siblings and two half-siblings,<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=53—54}} her father was the [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]] chief John "Squire" Grey Eyes,{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}}{{efn|Kathryn Magee Labelle cites his given name as "Lewis". Variations on the surname include "Greyeyes" and "Grey-Eyes",{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} sometimes with the spelling "Gray".<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />}} and her mother was named Eliza.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} Following tradition, Eliza pierced Solomon's ears a few days after birth, and as they healed, inserted chicken feathers in place of future jewelry. Solomon only received her given name upon the [[Green Corn Ceremony|Green Corn Feast]] held in August.<ref name="Croneis 1991a">{{cite news |last=Croneis |first=James F. |display-authors=etal |date=July 26, 1991 |title=A Short History of the Indians of Crawford and Wyandot Counties (Part 17) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/telegraph-forum-a-short-history-of-the-i/144963840/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024040...aph-forum-a-short-history-of-the-i/144963840/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=April 8, 2024 |work=Telegraph-Forum |page=4 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Later, an uncle recounted to her the history of their "Grey Eyes" surname.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=53}} When Solomon was four, she and her father traveled 50 miles to [[Hancock County, Ohio|Hancock County]] on a hunting trip. They camped one night at [[Fort Findlay]] in a [[blockhouse]] built by president [[William Henry Harrison]].<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /> That year, Squire also accompanied Solomon to the [[Olentangy Indian Caverns]]. She was too afraid to explore them, but realized the importance of visiting such sites where her ancestors had held meetings or hid from enemies. She and her family, busy hunting and trading along village footpaths,{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=55}} relocated to a small cabin in the [[Big Spring Township, Ohio|Big Spring Reservation]] two years later.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /><ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=55}} |
| [[Christian mission|Methodist missionaries]] were prominent in the area and informed the theological practices of many Wyandots; Squire was among a group of chiefs that requested the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] to build a mission school in neighbouring [[Upper Sandusky, Ohio|Upper Sandusky]].{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=55–56}} Upon its opening in 1821, Solomon was one of the first students to be enrolled.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}} She became the "little charge" of Harriet Stubbs, who taught her hymns,<ref>{{cite news |last=Stevenson |first=R. T. |date=January 12, 1916 |title=Centennial of the Wyandot Mission: 1816-1916 |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jan-12-1916-4424821/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042.../other-articles-clipping-jan-12-1916-4424821/ |archive-date=April 21, 2024 |access-date=April 21, 2024 |work=Western Christian Advocate |page=6 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}</ref> and a pupil of [[John Stewart (missionary)|John Stewart]].<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /> She learned to read and write English and, alongside the other schoolgirls, to cook, sew, assemble fibers for knitting, and housekeep.<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=57}} Still, her family spoke [[Wyandot language|Wyandot]] at home, where she recited traditional teachings to her dolls in the language.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=63}} At school, a religious vigor instilled itself within Solomon.{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}} She began frequenting the services of the adjacent [[Wyandot Mission Church]] by age eight, eventually befriending each of its pastors.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}} Growing up, she continued to attend the school, all the while its number of facilities increased.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=57}} A Wyandot peer, David Young, began dating her after receiving permission from Eliza,<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=54, 57}} and on February 4, 1833, the couple were married in the church by the priest Thomas Simms.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=54}} | [[Christian mission|Methodist missionaries]] were prominent in the area and informed the theological practices of many Wyandots; Squire was among a group of chiefs that requested the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]] to build a mission school in neighbouring [[Upper Sandusky, Ohio|Upper Sandusky]].{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=55–56}} Upon its opening in 1821, Solomon was one of the first students to be enrolled.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}} She became the "little charge" of Harriet Stubbs, who taught her hymns,<ref>{{cite news |last=Stevenson |first=R. T. |date=January 12, 1916 |title=Centennial of the Wyandot Mission: 1816-1916 |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/other-articles-clipping-jan-12-1916-4424821/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042.../other-articles-clipping-jan-12-1916-4424821/ |archive-date=April 21, 2024 |access-date=April 21, 2024 |work=Western Christian Advocate |page=6 |via=Newspaperarchive.com}}</ref> and a pupil of [[John Stewart (missionary)|John Stewart]].<ref name="Croneis 1991a" /> She learned to read and write English and, alongside the other schoolgirls, to cook, sew, assemble fibers for knitting, and housekeep.<ref name="The Cincinnati Enquirer 1889" />{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=57}} Still, her family spoke [[Wyandot language|Wyandot]] at home, where she recited traditional teachings to her dolls in the language.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=63}} At school, a religious vigor instilled itself within Solomon.{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=59}} She began frequenting the services of the adjacent [[Wyandot Mission Church]] by age eight, eventually befriending each of its pastors.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}} Growing up, she continued to attend the school, all the while its number of facilities increased.<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=57}} A Wyandot peer, David Young, began dating her after receiving permission from Eliza,<ref name="Croneis 1991a" />{{sfn|Labelle|2021|pp=54, 57}} and on February 4, 1833, the couple were married in the church by the priest Thomas Simms.{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=54}} |
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| == Return to Ohio == | == Return to Ohio == |
| Margaret was struck by a great homesickness after marrying John Solomon. A longing formed for her children's graves and her old memories. So, she addressed a letter to the government requesting permission to return. This was accepted, and after convincing John and her nephew, Jimmy Guyami, to join her, the group arrived at Upper Sandusky in 1865. New shops, hotels, and a large courthouse now stood downtown, but they settled along the Big Spring Reservation in her prior small cabin, near which only a few houses, graveyards, and the mission church still existed. | Margaret was struck by a great homesickness after marrying John Solomon.{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=62}} A longing formed for her children's graves and her old memories. This compelled her to address a letter to the government requesting permission to return to Ohio. It was accepted,{{sfn|Neely|1939|p=60}} and after convincing John and her nephew, Jimmy Guyami, to join her, the group arrived at Upper Sandusky in 1865.{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}} New shops, hotels, and a large courthouse now stood downtown,<ref name="Croneis 1991b" /> but they settled along the Big Spring Reservation in her prior small cabin, near which only a few houses, graveyards, and the mission church still existed.{{sfn|Marvin Jr.|2015|p=38}}{{sfn|Labelle|2021|p=62}} |
| == Death and legacy == | == Death and legacy == |
Okumaya devam et...