corrected a misused term (fissile vs. fissionable)
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 19:18, 9 May 2024 |
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| The secondary fusion stage—consisting of outer pusher/tamper, fusion fuel filler and central [[plutonium]] spark plug—is imploded by the X-ray energy impinging on its pusher/ tamper. This compresses the entire secondary stage and drives up the density of the plutonium spark plug. The density of the plutonium fuel rises to such an extent that the spark plug is driven into a supercritical state and it begins a nuclear fission chain reaction. The fission products of this chain reaction heat the highly compressed and thus super dense, thermonuclear fuel surrounding the spark plug to around 300 million kelvin, igniting fusion reactions between fusion fuel nuclei. In modern weapons fueled by lithium deuteride, the fissioning plutonium spark plug also emits free neutrons that collide with lithium nuclei and supply the tritium component of the thermonuclear fuel. | The secondary fusion stage—consisting of outer pusher/tamper, fusion fuel filler and central [[plutonium]] spark plug—is imploded by the X-ray energy impinging on its pusher/ tamper. This compresses the entire secondary stage and drives up the density of the plutonium spark plug. The density of the plutonium fuel rises to such an extent that the spark plug is driven into a supercritical state and it begins a nuclear fission chain reaction. The fission products of this chain reaction heat the highly compressed and thus super dense, thermonuclear fuel surrounding the spark plug to around 300 million kelvin, igniting fusion reactions between fusion fuel nuclei. In modern weapons fueled by lithium deuteride, the fissioning plutonium spark plug also emits free neutrons that collide with lithium nuclei and supply the tritium component of the thermonuclear fuel. |
| The secondary's relatively massive tamper (which resists outward expansion as the explosion proceeds) also serves as a [[thermal barrier]] to keep the fusion fuel filler from becoming too hot, which would spoil the compression. If made of [[uranium]], [[enriched uranium]] or plutonium, the tamper captures fast [[fusion neutron]]s and undergoes fission itself, increasing the overall explosive yield. Additionally, in most designs the radiation case is also constructed of a [[fissile material]] that undergoes fission driven by fast thermonuclear neutrons. Such bombs are classified as two stage weapons and most current Teller–Ulam designs are such fission-fusion-fission weapons. Fast fission of the tamper and radiation case is the main contribution to the total yield and is the dominant process that produces [[Radioactivity|radioactive]] [[Nuclear fission product|fission product]] [[fallout]].<ref>{{Cite book |arxiv = physics/0510071 |last1 = Gsponer |first1 = Andre |title = Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons: Military effectiveness and collateral effects |publisher=Independent Scientific Research Institute |id=ISRI-05-03 |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The B61-based "Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator:" Clever retrofit or headway towards fourth-generation nuclear weapons? |first=Andre |last=Gsponer |arxiv=physics/0510052 |publisher=Independent Scientific Research Institute |id=ISRI-03-08 |year=2005}}</ref> | The secondary's relatively massive tamper (which resists outward expansion as the explosion proceeds) also serves as a [[thermal barrier]] to keep the fusion fuel filler from becoming too hot, which would spoil the compression. If made of [[uranium]], [[enriched uranium]] or plutonium, the tamper captures fast [[fusion neutron]]s and undergoes fission itself, increasing the overall explosive yield. Additionally, in most designs the radiation case is also constructed of a material that undergoes fission driven by fast thermonuclear neutrons. Such bombs are classified as two stage weapons and most current Teller–Ulam designs are such fission-fusion-fission weapons. Fast fission of the tamper and radiation case is the main contribution to the total yield and is the dominant process that produces [[Radioactivity|radioactive]] [[Nuclear fission product|fission product]] [[fallout]].<ref>{{Cite book |arxiv = physics/0510071 |last1 = Gsponer |first1 = Andre |title = Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons: Military effectiveness and collateral effects |publisher=Independent Scientific Research Institute |id=ISRI-05-03 |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The B61-based "Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator:" Clever retrofit or headway towards fourth-generation nuclear weapons? |first=Andre |last=Gsponer |arxiv=physics/0510052 |publisher=Independent Scientific Research Institute |id=ISRI-03-08 |year=2005}}</ref> |
| Before [[Ivy Mike]], the first U.S. test of a fusion weapon design, [[Operation Greenhouse]] in 1951 was the first American nuclear test series to test principles that led to the development of thermonuclear weapons. Sufficient fission was achieved to boost the associated fusion device and enough was learned to achieve a full-scale device within a year. The design of all modern thermonuclear weapons in the United States is known as the [[history of the Teller–Ulam design|''Teller–Ulam configuration'']] for its two chief contributors, [[Edward Teller]] and [[Stanisław Ulam]], who developed it in 1951<ref name="Teller" /> for the United States, with certain concepts developed with the contribution of physicist [[John von Neumann]]. Similar devices were developed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, China and India.<ref name=":8" /> The thermonuclear [[Tsar Bomba]] was the most powerful bomb ever detonated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smar...n-bomb-ever-detonated-180975669/|title=Russia Declassifies Video From 1961 of Largest Hydrogen Bomb Ever Detonated|first1=Smithsonian|last1=Magazine|first2=Theresa|last2=Machemer|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> | Before [[Ivy Mike]], the first U.S. test of a fusion weapon design, [[Operation Greenhouse]] in 1951 was the first American nuclear test series to test principles that led to the development of thermonuclear weapons. Sufficient fission was achieved to boost the associated fusion device and enough was learned to achieve a full-scale device within a year. The design of all modern thermonuclear weapons in the United States is known as the [[history of the Teller–Ulam design|''Teller–Ulam configuration'']] for its two chief contributors, [[Edward Teller]] and [[Stanisław Ulam]], who developed it in 1951<ref name="Teller" /> for the United States, with certain concepts developed with the contribution of physicist [[John von Neumann]]. Similar devices were developed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, China and India.<ref name=":8" /> The thermonuclear [[Tsar Bomba]] was the most powerful bomb ever detonated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smar...n-bomb-ever-detonated-180975669/|title=Russia Declassifies Video From 1961 of Largest Hydrogen Bomb Ever Detonated|first1=Smithsonian|last1=Magazine|first2=Theresa|last2=Machemer|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...