Soldering

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Reverted good faith edits by 46.216.25.4 (talk): Not a reliable source

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Because of the size of the parts involved, and the high activity and contaminating tendency of the flame, plumbing fluxes are typically much more chemically active, and often more acidic, than electronic fluxes. Because plumbing joints may be done at any angle, even upside down, plumbing fluxes are generally formulated as pastes which stay in place better than liquids. Flux is applied to all surfaces of the joint, inside and out. Flux residues are removed after the joint is complete to prevent erosion and failure of the joint.Because of the size of the parts involved, and the high activity and contaminating tendency of the flame, plumbing fluxes are typically much more chemically active, and often more acidic, than electronic fluxes. Because plumbing joints may be done at any angle, even upside down, plumbing fluxes are generally formulated as pastes which stay in place better than liquids. Flux is applied to all surfaces of the joint, inside and out. Flux residues are removed after the joint is complete to prevent erosion and failure of the joint.
Many plumbing solder formulations are available, with different characteristics, such as higher or lower melting temperature, depending on the specific requirements of the job. [[Building code]]s currently almost universally require the use of lead-free solder for [[drinking water]] piping (and also flux must be approved for drinking water applications), though traditional tin-lead solder is still available. Studies have shown that lead-soldered plumbing pipes can result in elevated levels of lead in drinking water.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://plmbr.ca/blog/fluxes-and-solders|title=Fluxes and solders |access-date=2024-05-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508195538/https://plmbr.ca/blog/fluxes-and-solders|archive-date=2024-05-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.askdrsears.com/html/10/T110211.asp |title=Lead Poisoning - Ask Dr Sears |website=askdrsears.com |access-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110120545/http://www.askdrsears.com/html/10/T110211.asp |archive-date=10 November 2009}}</ref>Many plumbing solder formulations are available, with different characteristics, such as higher or lower melting temperature, depending on the specific requirements of the job. [[Building code]]s currently almost universally require the use of lead-free solder for [[drinking water]] piping (and also flux must be approved for drinking water applications), though traditional tin-lead solder is still available. Studies have shown that lead-soldered plumbing pipes can result in elevated levels of lead in drinking water.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plumbingpages.com/featurepages/Pipeworkfluxsolder.cfm |title=Fluxes and solders |access-date=2009-09-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218234432/http://plumbingpages.com/featurepages/Pipeworkfluxsolder.cfm |archive-date=2009-02-18 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.askdrsears.com/html/10/T110211.asp |title=Lead Poisoning - Ask Dr Sears |website=askdrsears.com |access-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091110120545/http://www.askdrsears.com/html/10/T110211.asp |archive-date=10 November 2009}}</ref>
Since copper pipe quickly conducts heat away from a joint, great care must be taken to ensure that the joint is properly heated through to obtain a good bond. After the joint is properly cleaned, fluxed and fitted, the torch flame is applied to the thickest part of the joint, typically the fitting with the pipe inside it, with the solder applied at the gap between the tube and the fitting. When all the parts are heated through, the solder will melt and flow into the joint by capillary action. The torch may need to be moved around the joint to ensure all areas are wetted out. However, the installer must take care to not overheat the areas being soldered. If the tube begins to discolor it means that the tube has been over-heated and is beginning to oxidize, stopping the flow of the solder and causing the soldered joint not to seal properly. Before oxidation the molten solder will follow the heat of the torch around the joint. When the joint is properly wetted out, the solder and then the heat are removed, and while the joint is still very hot, it is usually wiped with a dry rag. This removes excess solder as well as flux residue before it cools down and hardens. With a solder ring joint, the joint is heated until a ring of molten solder is visible around the edge of the fitting and allowed to cool.Since copper pipe quickly conducts heat away from a joint, great care must be taken to ensure that the joint is properly heated through to obtain a good bond. After the joint is properly cleaned, fluxed and fitted, the torch flame is applied to the thickest part of the joint, typically the fitting with the pipe inside it, with the solder applied at the gap between the tube and the fitting. When all the parts are heated through, the solder will melt and flow into the joint by capillary action. The torch may need to be moved around the joint to ensure all areas are wetted out. However, the installer must take care to not overheat the areas being soldered. If the tube begins to discolor it means that the tube has been over-heated and is beginning to oxidize, stopping the flow of the solder and causing the soldered joint not to seal properly. Before oxidation the molten solder will follow the heat of the torch around the joint. When the joint is properly wetted out, the solder and then the heat are removed, and while the joint is still very hot, it is usually wiped with a dry rag. This removes excess solder as well as flux residue before it cools down and hardens. With a solder ring joint, the joint is heated until a ring of molten solder is visible around the edge of the fitting and allowed to cool.

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