← Previous revision | Revision as of 20:07, 28 April 2024 |
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| == History == | == History == |
 | During the [[Arab conquest of Sind]] in 711 AD, Sindhi Jats underwent resettlement orchestrated by [[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf|al-Ḥajāj]] to a comparable riverine setting in Lower [[Iraq]], referred to as the [[Batihah|Baṭāʾiḥ]]. Subsequently, both [[al-Walīd I]] and [[Yazid I|Yazīd I]] oversaw the relocation of additional Jat groups to northwestern Syria, accompanied by water buffaloes suitable for the region's warm coastal plains. Nevertheless, a notable portion of the Jat populace chose to remain in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C.E. Bosworth |title=al-Zuṭṭ |journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English) |date=2012 |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_8217 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8217 |publisher=Brill |language=en}}</ref> |
| The Jats are one of the ancient Sindhi tribes, many Arab, Persian, and Greek historians have written about Jats, and ancient Hindu texts have also mentioned them. The Arab historians like [[Al-Baladhuri|Al-Biladuri]] and [[Ibn Hawqal]] mentions two Sindhi tribes "[[Zuṭṭ|Zutts]] (Jats) and '[[Med people|Meds]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saḥrāʼī |first=Tāju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqPM5cClo68C&q=sindhi+tribes |title=Lake Manchar: The Most Ancient Seat of Sindhu Cultures |date=2012 |publisher=Culture Department, Government of Sindh |pages=42 |language=en |quote=Al-Biladuri mentions names of two Sindhi tribes 'Jats' and 'Meds'.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BFuAAAAMAAJ&q=med+tribe+makran |title=The Jats: Their Role & Contribution to the Socio-economic Life and Polity of North & North-west India |date=2004 |publisher=Originals |isbn=978-81-88629-51-0 |pages=54 |language=en}}</ref> | The Jats are one of the ancient Sindhi tribes, many Arab, Persian, and Greek historians have written about Jats, and ancient Hindu texts have also mentioned them. The Arab historians like [[Al-Baladhuri|Al-Biladuri]] and [[Ibn Hawqal]] mentions two Sindhi tribes "[[Zuṭṭ|Zutts]] (Jats) and '[[Med people|Meds]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saḥrāʼī |first=Tāju |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uqPM5cClo68C&q=sindhi+tribes |title=Lake Manchar: The Most Ancient Seat of Sindhu Cultures |date=2012 |publisher=Culture Department, Government of Sindh |pages=42 |language=en |quote=Al-Biladuri mentions names of two Sindhi tribes 'Jats' and 'Meds'.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BFuAAAAMAAJ&q=med+tribe+makran |title=The Jats: Their Role & Contribution to the Socio-economic Life and Polity of North & North-west India |date=2004 |publisher=Originals |isbn=978-81-88629-51-0 |pages=54 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| The Sindhi Jats were [[pastoralism|pastoralists]] in lower Sindh, the original homeland of the Sindhi Jats was the lower Indus valley of Sindh. They were nomadic pastoralists who had migrated from the lower [[Indus|Indus river valley]] of [[Sindh]] to the northern parts of Sindh (including present-day [[Multan]]) and later to [[Punjab]] and other north Indian regions.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Catherine B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA269 |title=India Before Europe |last2=Talbot |first2=Cynthia |date=2006-03-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80904-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tiemann |first=Günter |date=1963 |title=Review of The Jat of Pakistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40456070 |journal=Anthropos |volume=58 |issue=5/6 |pages=936–938 |jstor=40456070 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khazanov |first1=Anatoly M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v_RORENFbMC&pg=PT177 |title=Nomads in the Sedentary World |last2=Wink |first2=Andre |date=2012-10-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-12194-4 |language=en}}</ref> Some of these Sindhi Jats migrated as far as [[Iraq]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&pg=PA92 |title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |date=1991 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-13561-1 |language=en |quote=...and although some of these migrated as far as Iraq,}}</ref> [[Middle East]] and in [[Persian Gulf]] countries. There are also many Sindhi Jats living in [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran.<ref name=":2" /> They were originally [[Hindus]] by religion and were the earliest people of Indian subcontinent who had interaction with the pre-islamic inhabitants of [[Iran]] and [[Middle East]], multiple trading communities of Jats existed in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nahyan |first1=Mansoor Bin Tahnoon Al |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IICXDwAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+jats&pg=PA108 |title=Tribes of Pakistan |last2=Hussain |first2=Jamal |last3=Ghafoor |first3=Asad ul |date=2019-05-09 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-3439-1 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref> They were referred as [[Zuṭṭ|Zutts]] ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: الزُّطِّ, <small>[[Romanization of Arabic|romanized]]:</small> ''Az-Zutt'') by arabs in early Arab writings, and as (''Jat-an or Jaat) by'' [[Persians]].<ref name=":0" /> The arabs also called them Al Asawera, Al Siyabij, Al Andargar, Madan, etc.<ref name=":2" /> They were also present in [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Syria]].<ref name=":1" /> | The Sindhi Jats were [[pastoralism|pastoralists]] in lower Sindh, the original homeland of the Sindhi Jats was the lower Indus valley of Sindh. They were nomadic pastoralists who had migrated from the lower [[Indus|Indus river valley]] of [[Sindh]] to the northern parts of Sindh (including present-day [[Multan]]) and later to [[Punjab]] and other north Indian regions.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Asher |first1=Catherine B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvaGuaJIJgoC&pg=PA269 |title=India Before Europe |last2=Talbot |first2=Cynthia |date=2006-03-16 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-80904-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tiemann |first=Günter |date=1963 |title=Review of The Jat of Pakistan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40456070 |journal=Anthropos |volume=58 |issue=5/6 |pages=936–938 |jstor=40456070 |issn=0257-9774}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khazanov |first1=Anatoly M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-v_RORENFbMC&pg=PT177 |title=Nomads in the Sedentary World |last2=Wink |first2=Andre |date=2012-10-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-12194-4 |language=en}}</ref> Some of these Sindhi Jats migrated as far as [[Iraq]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&pg=PA92 |title=Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries |date=1991 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-13561-1 |language=en |quote=...and although some of these migrated as far as Iraq,}}</ref> [[Middle East]] and in [[Persian Gulf]] countries. There are also many Sindhi Jats living in [[Bandar Abbas]] in Iran.<ref name=":2" /> They were originally [[Hindus]] by religion and were the earliest people of Indian subcontinent who had interaction with the pre-islamic inhabitants of [[Iran]] and [[Middle East]], multiple trading communities of Jats existed in the [[pre-Islamic Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Nahyan |first1=Mansoor Bin Tahnoon Al |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IICXDwAAQBAJ&dq=sindhi+jats&pg=PA108 |title=Tribes of Pakistan |last2=Hussain |first2=Jamal |last3=Ghafoor |first3=Asad ul |date=2019-05-09 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-5275-3439-1 |pages=108 |language=en}}</ref> They were referred as [[Zuṭṭ|Zutts]] ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: الزُّطِّ, <small>[[Romanization of Arabic|romanized]]:</small> ''Az-Zutt'') by arabs in early Arab writings, and as (''Jat-an or Jaat) by'' [[Persians]].<ref name=":0" /> The arabs also called them Al Asawera, Al Siyabij, Al Andargar, Madan, etc.<ref name=":2" /> They were also present in [[Mesopotamia]] and [[Syria]].<ref name=":1" /> |
| During the [[Arab conquest of Sind]] in 711 AD, Sindhi Jats underwent resettlement orchestrated by [[Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf|al-Ḥajāj]] to a comparable riverine setting in Lower [[Iraq]], referred to as the [[Batihah|Baṭāʾiḥ]]. Subsequently, both [[al-Walīd I]] and [[Yazid I|Yazīd I]] oversaw the relocation of additional Jat groups to northwestern Syria, accompanied by water buffaloes suitable for the region's warm coastal plains. Nevertheless, a notable portion of the Jat populace chose to remain in [[Iraq]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=C.E. Bosworth |date=2012 |title=al-Zuṭṭ |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_8217 |journal=Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English) |language=en |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_8217}}</ref> |
| Sindhi Jats were the first people of the Indian subcontinent who embraced [[Islam]] during the Prophet [[Muhammad]] era,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nizam |first=Muhammad Huzaifa |date=2023-01-15 |title=HOW THE INDUS VALLEY FED ISLAM'S GOLDEN AGE |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1731742 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |quote=these Jatts, known as Zutt in Arabic, were amongst the earliest in Persia to accept Islam and thus join with the Muslim armies in their further conquests. They were also later replenished with more of their men, when the Indus Valley fell into the hands of the Ummayad Caliphate in 711 CE.}}</ref> they fought on the side of [[Ali]] in the [[Battle of the Camel]] in 656 under their chief, ''Ali B. Danur.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zakeri |first=Mohsen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V...+Society:+The+Origins+of+'Ayyārān+and+Futuwwa |title=Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa |date=1995 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03652-8 |language=en}}</ref> The Sindhi Jats of Arabia helped [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] in the conquest of Sind in the eighth century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C |title=Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins |date=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> All the [[Jats]] ([[Zuṭṭ|Zutt]]) of the world have origins in Sindh. | Sindhi Jats were the first people of the Indian subcontinent who embraced [[Islam]] during the Prophet [[Muhammad]] era,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nizam |first=Muhammad Huzaifa |date=2023-01-15 |title=HOW THE INDUS VALLEY FED ISLAM'S GOLDEN AGE |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1731742 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en |quote=these Jatts, known as Zutt in Arabic, were amongst the earliest in Persia to accept Islam and thus join with the Muslim armies in their further conquests. They were also later replenished with more of their men, when the Indus Valley fell into the hands of the Ummayad Caliphate in 711 CE.}}</ref> they fought on the side of [[Ali]] in the [[Battle of the Camel]] in 656 under their chief, ''Ali B. Danur.''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zakeri |first=Mohsen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V...+Society:+The+Origins+of+'Ayyārān+and+Futuwwa |title=Sasanid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins of 'Ayyārān and Futuwwa |date=1995 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-03652-8 |language=en}}</ref> The Sindhi Jats of Arabia helped [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] in the conquest of Sind in the eighth century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mayaram |first=Shail |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yi6QpFCZBy8C |title=Against History, Against State: Counterperspectives from the Margins |date=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-12730-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> All the [[Jats]] ([[Zuṭṭ|Zutt]]) of the world have origins in Sindh. |
Okumaya devam et...