Zanahary: ←Created page with '{{Italic title}} sikidy}}'' in 1900 '''''Sikidy''''' is a form of algebraic geomancy practiced by Malagasy peoples in Madagascar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ascher |first=Marcia |date=1997 |title=Malagasy Sikidy: A Case in Ethnomathematics |url=https://www.academia.edu/38151275/Malagasy_Sikidy_A_Case_in_Ethnomathematics |journal=Histori...'
{{Italic title}}
[[File:Sikidy 1900 01.jpg|thumb|250x250px|An {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} practices ''{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}'' in 1900]]
'''''Sikidy''''' is a form of [[Algebra|algebraic]] [[geomancy]] practiced by [[Malagasy peoples]] in [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ascher |first=Marcia |date=1997 |title=Malagasy Sikidy: A Case in Ethnomathematics |url=https://www.academia.edu/38151275/Malagasy_Sikidy_A_Case_in_Ethnomathematics |journal=Historia Mathematica |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=376 |issn=0315-0860}}</ref> It involves [[Algorithm|algorithmic operations]] performed on data generated [[Randomness|randomly]] from seeds of the {{Lang|mg|fano}} (''[[Entada]] [[Entada chrysostachys|chrysostachys]]'') tree, which are ritually arranged in a tableau and interpreted after being mathematically operated on.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boiteau |first=Pierre |title=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |date=1999 |isbn=978-2-910717-41-4 |edition=Editions Alzieu |location= |pages=196 |language=fr}}</ref>
The divination is performed by an {{Lang|mg|ombiasy}} or {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}}, who guides the client through the process and interprets the results in the context of the client's inquiries and desires. Problems and questions for divined resolution via {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} include the selection of a day on which to do something (including taking a trip, planting, [[Famadihana|exhumation of ancestral corpses]]), whether a newborn child's destiny is compatible with its parents and thus whether it ought to be cared for by another family, the finding of a spouse, the finding of lost objects, the identification of a thief, and the explanation for a misfortune, including illness or [[Sterility (physiology)|sterility]]. Some {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} are considered specialists, dealing only with areas of inquiry and resolution within their expertise.<ref name=":0" />
== History ==
The origin myth for {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} "links it both to the return by walking on water of [[Arabs|Arab]] ancestors who had intermarried with Malagasy but then left, and to the names of the days of the week."<ref name=":0" /> The practice is several centuries old.<ref name=":0" />
== Ritual ==
[[File:Sikidy 1895.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|An {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} practices ''{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}'' in 1895]]
As part of an {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}}'s initiation, the initiate must gather 124 and 200 {{Lang|mg|fano}} seeds for his subsequent use.<ref name=":0" />
To "awaken" the seeds in his bag, as well as his own verbal powers, the {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} incants the practice's origin myth. He then takes a fistful of awakened seeds from his bag and randomly divides the seeds into four piles. Seeds are removed two at a time from each pile until there is either one seed or two seeds remaining in each. The four remaining "piles" (now either single seeds or pairs) become the first entries in the first column of a tableau. The process is repeated three more times, with each new column of seeds being placed on the tableau to the left of the previous. At the end of this, the array consists of four randomly-generated columns of four values (each being either one seed or two) each. The generated data represented in this array is called the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} (''mother-{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}''). There are 65,536 possible {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} arrays. From the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} data, four additional "columns" are read as the rows across the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}}'s columns, and eight additional columns are generated algorithmically and placed centrally before the four original columns.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Sikidy tableau diagram.png|center|thumb|500x500px|Diagram of the {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} tableau]]
Each column has a distinct divine referent:<ref name=":0" />
# The client
# Material goods
# A male evil-doer ({{Lit|the third}})
# The earth
# The child
# The bad intentions
# A woman
# The enemy ({{Lit|the eighth}})
# The spirit ({{Lit|the ninth}})
# Nourishment
# Ancestors
# The road
# The diviner
# The people
# The creator
# The house
== Mathematics ==
The mathematics of {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} include the concepts of [[algebra]], [[symbolic logic]] and [[Parity (mathematics)|parity]].<ref name=":0" /> The {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} performs algorithmic checks to verify the tableau's validity throughout the {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} process.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Madagascar topics}}{{Divination}}
[[Category:Geomancy]]
[[Category:Culture of Madagascar]]
[[Category
ivination]]
[[Category:Algebra of random variables]]
[[Category:Ethnomathematics]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{Italic title}}
[[File:Sikidy 1900 01.jpg|thumb|250x250px|An {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} practices ''{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}'' in 1900]]
'''''Sikidy''''' is a form of [[Algebra|algebraic]] [[geomancy]] practiced by [[Malagasy peoples]] in [[Madagascar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ascher |first=Marcia |date=1997 |title=Malagasy Sikidy: A Case in Ethnomathematics |url=https://www.academia.edu/38151275/Malagasy_Sikidy_A_Case_in_Ethnomathematics |journal=Historia Mathematica |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=376 |issn=0315-0860}}</ref> It involves [[Algorithm|algorithmic operations]] performed on data generated [[Randomness|randomly]] from seeds of the {{Lang|mg|fano}} (''[[Entada]] [[Entada chrysostachys|chrysostachys]]'') tree, which are ritually arranged in a tableau and interpreted after being mathematically operated on.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Boiteau |first=Pierre |title=Dictionnaire des noms malgaches de végétaux |date=1999 |isbn=978-2-910717-41-4 |edition=Editions Alzieu |location= |pages=196 |language=fr}}</ref>
The divination is performed by an {{Lang|mg|ombiasy}} or {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}}, who guides the client through the process and interprets the results in the context of the client's inquiries and desires. Problems and questions for divined resolution via {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} include the selection of a day on which to do something (including taking a trip, planting, [[Famadihana|exhumation of ancestral corpses]]), whether a newborn child's destiny is compatible with its parents and thus whether it ought to be cared for by another family, the finding of a spouse, the finding of lost objects, the identification of a thief, and the explanation for a misfortune, including illness or [[Sterility (physiology)|sterility]]. Some {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} are considered specialists, dealing only with areas of inquiry and resolution within their expertise.<ref name=":0" />
== History ==
The origin myth for {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} "links it both to the return by walking on water of [[Arabs|Arab]] ancestors who had intermarried with Malagasy but then left, and to the names of the days of the week."<ref name=":0" /> The practice is several centuries old.<ref name=":0" />
== Ritual ==
[[File:Sikidy 1895.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|An {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} practices ''{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}'' in 1895]]
As part of an {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}}'s initiation, the initiate must gather 124 and 200 {{Lang|mg|fano}} seeds for his subsequent use.<ref name=":0" />
To "awaken" the seeds in his bag, as well as his own verbal powers, the {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} incants the practice's origin myth. He then takes a fistful of awakened seeds from his bag and randomly divides the seeds into four piles. Seeds are removed two at a time from each pile until there is either one seed or two seeds remaining in each. The four remaining "piles" (now either single seeds or pairs) become the first entries in the first column of a tableau. The process is repeated three more times, with each new column of seeds being placed on the tableau to the left of the previous. At the end of this, the array consists of four randomly-generated columns of four values (each being either one seed or two) each. The generated data represented in this array is called the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} (''mother-{{Lang|mg|sikidy}}''). There are 65,536 possible {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} arrays. From the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}} data, four additional "columns" are read as the rows across the {{Lang|mg|renin-sikidy}}'s columns, and eight additional columns are generated algorithmically and placed centrally before the four original columns.<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Sikidy tableau diagram.png|center|thumb|500x500px|Diagram of the {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} tableau]]
Each column has a distinct divine referent:<ref name=":0" />
# The client
# Material goods
# A male evil-doer ({{Lit|the third}})
# The earth
# The child
# The bad intentions
# A woman
# The enemy ({{Lit|the eighth}})
# The spirit ({{Lit|the ninth}})
# Nourishment
# Ancestors
# The road
# The diviner
# The people
# The creator
# The house
== Mathematics ==
The mathematics of {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} include the concepts of [[algebra]], [[symbolic logic]] and [[Parity (mathematics)|parity]].<ref name=":0" /> The {{Lang|mg|mpisikidy}} performs algorithmic checks to verify the tableau's validity throughout the {{Lang|mg|sikidy}} process.<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Madagascar topics}}{{Divination}}
[[Category:Geomancy]]
[[Category:Culture of Madagascar]]
[[Category
ivination]][[Category:Algebra of random variables]]
[[Category:Ethnomathematics]]
Okumaya devam et...