rephrased; 'some' is a weasel word and undermines the argument
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 08:12, 10 May 2024 |
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| The use of puberty blockers in transgender youth is supported by twelve major American medical associations, including the [[American Medical Association]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ama-assn.org/health-care-advocacy/advocacy-update/march-26-2021-state-advocacy-update | title=March 26, 2021: State Advocacy Update | date=26 March 2021 }}</ref> the [[American Psychological Association]],<ref>https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/policy/issues/gender-affirmative-care</ref> the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]],<ref>https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/19021/AAP-continues-to-support-care-of-transgender</ref> along with four Australian medical organizations,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pgdc.org.au/legal | title=Legal }}</ref> the [[Endocrine Society]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/2...ss-to-medical-care-for-transgender-youth.aspx | title=Endocrine Society opposes legislative efforts to prevent access to medical care for transgender youth | date=15 April 2021 }}</ref> the [[European Society for Sexual Medicine]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=T'Sjoen |first=Guy |last2=Arcelus |first2=Jon |last3=De Vries |first3=Annelou L.C. |last4=Fisher |first4=Alessandra D. |last5=Nieder |first5=Timo O. |last6=Özer |first6=Müjde |last7=Motmans |first7=Joz |date=2020-04-01 |title=European Society for Sexual Medicine Position Statement “Assessment and Hormonal Management in Adolescent and Adult Trans People, with Attention for Sexual Function and Satisfaction” |url=https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article/17/4/570/6973560 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=570–584 |doi=10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.012 |issn=1743-6109|hdl=1854/LU-8660203 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><sup>:573</sup> and the [[World Professional Association for Transgender Health]] (WPATH).<ref>https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Doc...rans Leg USPATH Apr 22 2022.pdf?_t=1650665621</ref> | The use of puberty blockers in transgender youth is supported by twelve major American medical associations, including the [[American Medical Association]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ama-assn.org/health-care-advocacy/advocacy-update/march-26-2021-state-advocacy-update | title=March 26, 2021: State Advocacy Update | date=26 March 2021 }}</ref> the [[American Psychological Association]],<ref>https://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/policy/issues/gender-affirmative-care</ref> the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]],<ref>https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/19021/AAP-continues-to-support-care-of-transgender</ref> along with four Australian medical organizations,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.pgdc.org.au/legal | title=Legal }}</ref> the [[Endocrine Society]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news-medical.net/news/2...ss-to-medical-care-for-transgender-youth.aspx | title=Endocrine Society opposes legislative efforts to prevent access to medical care for transgender youth | date=15 April 2021 }}</ref> the [[European Society for Sexual Medicine]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=T'Sjoen |first=Guy |last2=Arcelus |first2=Jon |last3=De Vries |first3=Annelou L.C. |last4=Fisher |first4=Alessandra D. |last5=Nieder |first5=Timo O. |last6=Özer |first6=Müjde |last7=Motmans |first7=Joz |date=2020-04-01 |title=European Society for Sexual Medicine Position Statement “Assessment and Hormonal Management in Adolescent and Adult Trans People, with Attention for Sexual Function and Satisfaction” |url=https://academic.oup.com/jsm/article/17/4/570/6973560 |journal=The Journal of Sexual Medicine |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=570–584 |doi=10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.012 |issn=1743-6109|hdl=1854/LU-8660203 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><sup>:573</sup> and the [[World Professional Association for Transgender Health]] (WPATH).<ref>https://www.wpath.org/media/cms/Doc...rans Leg USPATH Apr 22 2022.pdf?_t=1650665621</ref> |
| {{As of|2024}}, the provision of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria in children has become the subject of public controversy. A combination of shifts in public opinion, political lobbying,{{Cn|date=April 2024}} and scepticism from some in the field of medicine has led to the rolling back of the use of puberty blockers for transgender children in several countries, with results ranging from some health systems stopping the routine use of puberty blockers until higher-quality research evidence is available,<ref name=":0" /> to the provision of puberty blockers to children being made a criminal offence in some states of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Choi |first1=Annette |last2=Mullery |first2=Will |date=2023-06-06 |title=19 states have laws restricting gender-affirming care, some with the possibility of a felony charge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/06/poli...sitioning-for-transgender-youth-dg/index.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Map: Where gender-affirming care is being targeted in the US|first1=Kiara|last1=Alfonseca |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/map-gender-affirming-care-targeted-us/story?id=97443087 |date=22 May 2023| access-date=2023-08-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> | {{As of|2024}}, the provision of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria in children has become the subject of public controversy. A combination of shifts in public opinion, political lobbying,{{Cn|date=April 2024}} and raising scepticism in the field of medicine has led to the rolling back of the use of puberty blockers for transgender children in several countries, with results ranging from some health systems stopping the routine use of puberty blockers until higher-quality research evidence is available,<ref name=":0" /> to the provision of puberty blockers to children being made a criminal offence in some states of the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Choi |first1=Annette |last2=Mullery |first2=Will |date=2023-06-06 |title=19 states have laws restricting gender-affirming care, some with the possibility of a felony charge |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/06/poli...sitioning-for-transgender-youth-dg/index.html |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Map: Where gender-affirming care is being targeted in the US|first1=Kiara|last1=Alfonseca |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/map-gender-affirming-care-targeted-us/story?id=97443087 |date=22 May 2023| access-date=2023-08-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> |
| ==Medical uses== | ==Medical uses== |
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| One study found that the use of puberty blockers decreases the risk of depression and reduces behavioral issues.<ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> Opponents have argued that potentially negative "effects may be too subtle to observe during the follow-up sessions by clinical assessment alone".<ref name="Giovanardi_2017" /> | One study found that the use of puberty blockers decreases the risk of depression and reduces behavioral issues.<ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> Opponents have argued that potentially negative "effects may be too subtle to observe during the follow-up sessions by clinical assessment alone".<ref name="Giovanardi_2017" /> |
| Opponents of the use of puberty blockers in adolescents argue that gender identity is still fluctuating at this age and that blockers might interfere with gender identity formation and development of a free sexuality, as well as pointing to what they consider to be high rates of [[detransition|desistance]] after puberty.<ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> Opponents also argue that puberty blockers "may alter the course of gender identity development, essentially 'locking in' a gender identity that may have reconciled with biological sex during the natural course of puberty."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jorgensen |first1=Sarah C. J. |last2=Hunter |first2=Patrick K. |last3=Regenstreif |first3=Lori |last4=Sinai |first4=Joanne |last5=Malone |first5=William J. |date=September 2022 |title=Puberty blockers for gender dysphoric youth: A lack of sound science |journal=Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy |language=en |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=1005–1007 |doi=10.1002/jac5.1691 |issn=2574-9870|doi-access=free }}</ref> Almost all (98%) children who took puberty blockers in a significant recent study by the main UK child/adolescent gender clinic continued on to hormone therapy.<ref name="Carmichael_2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carmichael P, Butler G, Masic U, Cole TJ, De Stavola BL, Davidson S, Skageberg EM, Khadr S, Viner RM |display-authors=6 |title=Short-term outcomes of pubertal suppression in a selected cohort of 12 to 15 year old young people with persistent gender dysphoria in the UK |journal=[[PLOS One]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=e0243894 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33529227 |pmc=7853497 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0243894 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1643894C |quote=We found no evidence of change in psychological function with GnRHa treatment as indicated by parent report (CBCL) or self-report (YSR) of overall problems, internalising or externalising problems or self-harm. This is in contrast to the Dutch study which reported improved psychological function across total problems, externalising and internalising scores for both CBCL and YSR and small improvements in CGAS [24]. | doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, most reviews<ref name="Hembree_et_al"/><ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> noting psychological benefits refer to the classic Dutch study,<ref name="deVries2012"/> which had very stringent requirements for medical treatment.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zucker KJ |title=Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: Reflections on Some Contemporary Clinical and Research Issues |journal=[[Archives of Sexual Behavior]] |volume=48 |issue=7 |pages=1983–1992 |date=October 2019 |pmid=31321594 |doi=10.1007/s10508-019-01518-8 |s2cid=197663705 |quote=According to Cohen-Kettenis, Delemarre-van de Waal, and Gooren (2008), these included the following: (1) the presence of gender dysphoria from early childhood on; (2) an exacerbation of the gender dysphoria after the first signs of puberty; (3) the absence of psychiatric comorbidity that would interfere with a diagnostic evaluation or treatment; (4) adequate psychological and social support during treatment; and (5) a demonstration of knowledge of the sex/gender reassignment process. }}</ref> | Opponents of the use of puberty blockers in adolescents argue that gender identity is still fluctuating at this age and that blockers might interfere with gender identity formation and development of a free sexuality, as well as pointing to what they consider to be high rates of [[detransition|desistance]] after puberty.<ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> Opponents also argue that puberty blockers "may alter the course of gender identity development, essentially 'locking in' a gender identity that may have reconciled with biological sex during the natural course of puberty."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jorgensen |first1=Sarah C. J. |last2=Hunter |first2=Patrick K. |last3=Regenstreif |first3=Lori |last4=Sinai |first4=Joanne |last5=Malone |first5=William J. |date=September 2022 |title=Puberty blockers for gender dysphoric youth: A lack of sound science |journal=Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy |language=en |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=1005–1007 |doi=10.1002/jac5.1691 |issn=2574-9870|doi-access=free }}</ref> Almost all (98%) children who took puberty blockers in a significant recent study by the main UK child/adolescent gender clinic continued on to hormone therapy.<ref name="Carmichael_2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carmichael P, Butler G, Masic U, Cole TJ, De Stavola BL, Davidson S, Skageberg EM, Khadr S, Viner RM |display-authors=6 |title=Short-term outcomes of pubertal suppression in a selected cohort of 12 to 15 year old young people with persistent gender dysphoria in the UK |journal=[[PLOS One]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=e0243894 |date=February 2021 |pmid=33529227 |pmc=7853497 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0243894 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1643894C |quote=We found no evidence of change in psychological function with GnRHa treatment as indicated by parent report (CBCL) or self-report (YSR) of overall problems, internalising or externalising problems or self-harm. This is in contrast to the Dutch study which reported improved psychological function across total problems, externalising and internalising scores for both CBCL and YSR and small improvements in CGAS [24]. | doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly, most reviews<ref name="Hembree_et_al"/><ref name="Giovanardi_2017"/> noting psychological benefits refer to the classic Dutch study,<ref name="deVries2012"/> which had very stringent requirements for medical treatment.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Zucker KJ |title=Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: Reflections on Some Contemporary Clinical and Research Issues |journal=[[Archives of Sexual Behavior]] |volume=48 |issue=7 |pages=1983–1992 |date=October 2019 |pmid=31321594 |doi=10.1007/s10508-019-01518-8 |s2cid=197663705 |quote=According to Cohen-Kettenis, Delemarre-van de Waal, and Gooren (2008), these included the following: (1) the presence of gender dysphoria from early childhood on; (2) an exacerbation of the gender dysphoria after the first signs of puberty; (3) the absence of psychiatric comorbidity that would interfere with a diagnostic evaluation or treatment; (4) adequate psychological and social support during treatment; and (5) a demonstration of knowledge of the sex/gender reassignment process. }}</ref> |
| In April 2021, [[Arkansas]] [[Arkansas House Bill 1570 (2021)|passed a ban on treatment of minors under 18 with puberty blockers]], but it was temporarily blocked by a federal judge a week before the law was set to take effect.<ref name="ual">{{cite web |date=6 April 2021 |title=Arkansas Lawmakers Override Veto, Enact Transgender Youth Treatment Ban |url=https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/pos...de-veto-enact-transgender-youth-treatment-ban}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=21 July 2021 |title=A Federal Judge Blocks Arkansas Ban On Trans Youth Treatments |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/07/21/1018867391/arkansas-trans-gender-confirming-treatment-judge-lawsuit |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, [[Alabama]] passed a ban from minors under 19 from obtaining puberty blockers and made it a felony for a doctor to prescribe puberty blockers to a minor with a punishment of up to ten years in prison.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yurcaba|first1=Jo| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna28607 | title=Judge blocks Alabama's felony ban on transgender medication for minors | website=[[NBC News]]|date=14 May 2022 }}</ref> The Alabama law was partially blocked by a federal judge a few days after the law took effect.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rojas |first=Rick |date=8 April 2022 |title=Alabama Governor Signs Ban on Transition Care for Transgender Youth |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/us/alabama-transgender-law-ivey.html |access-date=17 July 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Tierney Sneed |title=Judge blocks Alabama restrictions on certain gender-affirming treatments for transgender youth |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/14/politics/judge-blocks-alabama-transgender-law/index.html |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=CNN|date=14 May 2022 }}</ref> In August 2022, [[Florida]] banned [[Medicaid]] from covering gender affirming care, including puberty blockers.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Sarkissian|first1=Arek| url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/...-ban-medicaid-transgender-treatments-00051259 | title=Florida bans Medicaid from covering gender-affirming treatments | website=[[Politico]]|date=11 August 2022 }}</ref> | In April 2021, [[Arkansas]] [[Arkansas House Bill 1570 (2021)|passed a ban on treatment of minors under 18 with puberty blockers]], but it was temporarily blocked by a federal judge a week before the law was set to take effect.<ref name="ual">{{cite web |date=6 April 2021 |title=Arkansas Lawmakers Override Veto, Enact Transgender Youth Treatment Ban |url=https://www.ualrpublicradio.org/pos...de-veto-enact-transgender-youth-treatment-ban}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |date=21 July 2021 |title=A Federal Judge Blocks Arkansas Ban On Trans Youth Treatments |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/07/21/1018867391/arkansas-trans-gender-confirming-treatment-judge-lawsuit |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, [[Alabama]] passed a ban from minors under 19 from obtaining puberty blockers and made it a felony for a doctor to prescribe puberty blockers to a minor with a punishment of up to ten years in prison.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yurcaba|first1=Jo| url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna28607 | title=Judge blocks Alabama's felony ban on transgender medication for minors | website=[[NBC News]]|date=14 May 2022 }}</ref> The Alabama law was partially blocked by a federal judge a few days after the law took effect.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rojas |first=Rick |date=8 April 2022 |title=Alabama Governor Signs Ban on Transition Care for Transgender Youth |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/08/us/alabama-transgender-law-ivey.html |access-date=17 July 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Tierney Sneed |title=Judge blocks Alabama restrictions on certain gender-affirming treatments for transgender youth |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/05/14/politics/judge-blocks-alabama-transgender-law/index.html |access-date=17 July 2022 |website=CNN|date=14 May 2022 }}</ref> In August 2022, [[Florida]] banned [[Medicaid]] from covering gender affirming care, including puberty blockers.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Sarkissian|first1=Arek| url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/...-ban-medicaid-transgender-treatments-00051259 | title=Florida bans Medicaid from covering gender-affirming treatments | website=[[Politico]]|date=11 August 2022 }}</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...