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{{Short description|Soviet relief commission}}
'''Central Commission for the Struggle against Consequences of Famine''' (Tsentralnaya Kommissia po Borbe s Posledstviami Goloda, abbreviated as Posledgol) was a Central Commission under the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]] created to combat the consequences of the [[Russian famine of 1921–1922|famine of 1921-1922]]. It was the successor of Pomgol and was created by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
The commission included representatives of the [[Gosplan|State Planning Committee]], [[All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions|All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions]], Children's Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, [[Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Soviet Union)|People's Commissariat of Agriculture]], ROKK, International Working Committee for Famine Relief, etc.
== History ==
On 12 September 1922, Pomgol was ordered to be abolished and replaced by Posledgol by a decree of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]]. On the same day, Pomgol committees were dissolved and the resolution expressed gratitude to the ARA for donating eighty million gold rubles and for its contribution.
On 15 October 1922, [[Pomgol]] was reorganized as Posledgol which was led by [[Lev Kamenev]]. The reorganisation was due to shift in government policy from “struggle against the famine” to “struggle against the consequences of the famine” This new policy covered up the situation when necessary which led to confusion and inadequacies in in places where famine was experienced.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=KIRIM'DA VE İDİL-URAL BÖLGESİNDE AÇLIK VE TÜRKİYE'DEN GİDEN YARDIM (1921-1922) |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.n...ZdbIuJw88g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Academia}}</ref> The commission was formed under the [[All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions|All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions]]. Posledgol mainly planned and supervised relief activities. The commission recieved resources from state and donations by population.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Das Volkskommissariat für Außenhandel und seine Nachfolgeorganisationen 1920- 1930. Der Außenhandel als zentrale Frage der sowjetischen Wirtschaftspolitik. |url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/15356/Heubaum.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...eam/handle/18452/15356/Heubaum.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Carl |title=Fridtjof Nansens hjelpearbeid iRusslandogUkraina, 1921-1923 |url=https://fhs.brage.unit.no/fhs-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/99731/FS0202.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...ream/handle/11250/99731/FS0202.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> They portended enormous complications and inadequacies in handling the actual situation in the famine areas. Crimean Pomgol changed its name to Posledgol on 19 October 1922.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The famine of 1921–22 in the Crimea and the Volga basin and the relief from Turkey |url=https://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/s.../451aa29d-182b-434d-9ee6-5ffdf785c9da/content |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023120.../451aa29d-182b-434d-9ee6-5ffdf785c9da/content |url-status=live }}</ref>
A special Posledgol 1% tax was levied on population, excluding single housewives households and those without [[livestock]], for famine relief. The 0.5% tax was extracted in famine areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Velikanova |first=Olga |title=Aftermath of the Famine: 1922–1923 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286450229 |journal=Researchgate |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...c49d082/Aftermath-of-the-Famine-1922-1923.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Posledgol'' and [[Fridtjof Nansen|Nansen Mission]] organized the sale of Russian handicrafts abroad for “the reconstruction of the peasant craft industry”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coudreau |first=Marin |date=2012 |title=Le Comité international de secours à la Russie, l'Action Nansen et les bolcheviks (1921-1924) |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-relations-internationales-2012-3-page-49.htm |journal=Relations Internationales |language=fr |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=49–61 |doi=10.3917/ri.151.0049 |issn=0335-2013 |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2018-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2018060...-relations-internationales-2012-3-page-49.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Posledgol waged a campaign against the [[American Relief Administration]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Susan |title=The American Hospital in Moscow: A Lesson in International Cooperation, 1917–23 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/serv...esson-in-international-cooperation-191723.pdf |journal=Liverpool John Moores University |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024041...esson-in-international-cooperation-191723.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 October 1922, the campaign to discredit the ARA. All foreign relief agencies were ordered to pay a part of administrative expenses incurred in rendering relief and were forbidden to operate kitchens in areas where government institutions were present. Centers and kitchens were to be administered under the coordination of Posledgol. On 31 October, orders went out to all branches from [[Olga Kameneva]] that Posledgol must impose regulations on foreign open kitchens, "which must result in closing most of them."
In April 1923, ARA was ordered to turn over the proceeds from sales of empty grain sacks to Posledgol. On 26 May, [[Kārlis Landers|Karl Lander]] ordered to not allow ARA to send its medical supplies to hospitals or private individuals and instead hand over all containers and surplus food to Posledgol.
On 1 August 1923, Posledgol was liquidated and was succeeded by Committee on Foreign Aid (Komitet zagranichnoi pomoshchi, or KZP).<ref>{{Cite book |last=David-Fox |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xdpAgAAQBAJ&dq="Posledgol"&pg=PP1 |title=Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921-1941 |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979472-0 |language=en |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...dgol"&f=false#v=onepage&q="Posledgol"&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Pomgol]]
== References ==
<references />
Okumaya devam et...
{{Short description|Soviet relief commission}}
'''Central Commission for the Struggle against Consequences of Famine''' (Tsentralnaya Kommissia po Borbe s Posledstviami Goloda, abbreviated as Posledgol) was a Central Commission under the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]] created to combat the consequences of the [[Russian famine of 1921–1922|famine of 1921-1922]]. It was the successor of Pomgol and was created by a resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
The commission included representatives of the [[Gosplan|State Planning Committee]], [[All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions|All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions]], Children's Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, [[Ministry of Agriculture and Food (Soviet Union)|People's Commissariat of Agriculture]], ROKK, International Working Committee for Famine Relief, etc.
== History ==
On 12 September 1922, Pomgol was ordered to be abolished and replaced by Posledgol by a decree of the [[All-Russian Central Executive Committee]]. On the same day, Pomgol committees were dissolved and the resolution expressed gratitude to the ARA for donating eighty million gold rubles and for its contribution.
On 15 October 1922, [[Pomgol]] was reorganized as Posledgol which was led by [[Lev Kamenev]]. The reorganisation was due to shift in government policy from “struggle against the famine” to “struggle against the consequences of the famine” This new policy covered up the situation when necessary which led to confusion and inadequacies in in places where famine was experienced.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=KIRIM'DA VE İDİL-URAL BÖLGESİNDE AÇLIK VE TÜRKİYE'DEN GİDEN YARDIM (1921-1922) |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.n...ZdbIuJw88g__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Academia}}</ref> The commission was formed under the [[All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions|All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions]]. Posledgol mainly planned and supervised relief activities. The commission recieved resources from state and donations by population.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Das Volkskommissariat für Außenhandel und seine Nachfolgeorganisationen 1920- 1930. Der Außenhandel als zentrale Frage der sowjetischen Wirtschaftspolitik. |url=https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/15356/Heubaum.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...eam/handle/18452/15356/Heubaum.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Carl |title=Fridtjof Nansens hjelpearbeid iRusslandogUkraina, 1921-1923 |url=https://fhs.brage.unit.no/fhs-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/99731/FS0202.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...ream/handle/11250/99731/FS0202.pdf?sequence=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> They portended enormous complications and inadequacies in handling the actual situation in the famine areas. Crimean Pomgol changed its name to Posledgol on 19 October 1922.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The famine of 1921–22 in the Crimea and the Volga basin and the relief from Turkey |url=https://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/s.../451aa29d-182b-434d-9ee6-5ffdf785c9da/content |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023120.../451aa29d-182b-434d-9ee6-5ffdf785c9da/content |url-status=live }}</ref>
A special Posledgol 1% tax was levied on population, excluding single housewives households and those without [[livestock]], for famine relief. The 0.5% tax was extracted in famine areas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Velikanova |first=Olga |title=Aftermath of the Famine: 1922–1923 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286450229 |journal=Researchgate |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...c49d082/Aftermath-of-the-Famine-1922-1923.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Posledgol'' and [[Fridtjof Nansen|Nansen Mission]] organized the sale of Russian handicrafts abroad for “the reconstruction of the peasant craft industry”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coudreau |first=Marin |date=2012 |title=Le Comité international de secours à la Russie, l'Action Nansen et les bolcheviks (1921-1924) |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-relations-internationales-2012-3-page-49.htm |journal=Relations Internationales |language=fr |volume=151 |issue=3 |pages=49–61 |doi=10.3917/ri.151.0049 |issn=0335-2013 |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2018-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2018060...-relations-internationales-2012-3-page-49.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Posledgol waged a campaign against the [[American Relief Administration]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Susan |title=The American Hospital in Moscow: A Lesson in International Cooperation, 1917–23 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/serv...esson-in-international-cooperation-191723.pdf |journal=Liverpool John Moores University |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024041...esson-in-international-cooperation-191723.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 October 1922, the campaign to discredit the ARA. All foreign relief agencies were ordered to pay a part of administrative expenses incurred in rendering relief and were forbidden to operate kitchens in areas where government institutions were present. Centers and kitchens were to be administered under the coordination of Posledgol. On 31 October, orders went out to all branches from [[Olga Kameneva]] that Posledgol must impose regulations on foreign open kitchens, "which must result in closing most of them."
In April 1923, ARA was ordered to turn over the proceeds from sales of empty grain sacks to Posledgol. On 26 May, [[Kārlis Landers|Karl Lander]] ordered to not allow ARA to send its medical supplies to hospitals or private individuals and instead hand over all containers and surplus food to Posledgol.
On 1 August 1923, Posledgol was liquidated and was succeeded by Committee on Foreign Aid (Komitet zagranichnoi pomoshchi, or KZP).<ref>{{Cite book |last=David-Fox |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1xdpAgAAQBAJ&dq="Posledgol"&pg=PP1 |title=Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921-1941 |date=2011-10-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-979472-0 |language=en |access-date=2024-04-28 |archive-date=2024-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024042...dgol"&f=false#v=onepage&q="Posledgol"&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Pomgol]]
== References ==
<references />
Okumaya devam et...