Howardcorn33: Created by translating the page "NBV21"
{{Infobox Bible translation|title=NBV21|image=NBV21 book cover.jpg|image_caption=NBV21 Literary edition cover|language=Dutch|alt=Dutch text showing "De Bijbel" above a painting of a lamb carcass with its legs tied together.|bible_published=2021|copyright=© 2021 Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap, Haarlem/Antwerpen. All rights reserved.|other_names=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling 2021|textual_basis={{Ubl
|'''[[Old Testament|OT]]''': ''[[Biblia Hebraica Quinta|BHQ]]''; ''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia|BHS]]''
|'''[[Deuterocanon|DC]]''': ''[[SVTG]]''
|'''[[New Testament|NT]]''': ''[[NA28]]''; ''[[Editio Critica Maior|ECM]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bronteksten - Bijbel online |url=https://debijbel.nl/nbv21/bronteksten |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603203840/https://www.debijbel.nl/nbv21/bronteksten |archive-date=2023-06-03 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=debijbel.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
}}|genesis_1:1-3=In het begin schiep God de hemel en de aarde. De aarde was woest en doods, duisternis lag over de oervloed, en over het water zweefde Gods geest. God zei: ‘Laat er licht zijn,’ en er was licht.|john_3:16=Want God had de wereld zo lief dat Hij zijn enige Zoon heeft gegeven, opdat iedereen die in Hem gelooft niet verloren gaat, maar eeuwig leven heeft.|translation_type=[[Semantic_equivalence_(linguistics)#Approaches_to_translation|Functional equivalence]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jong |first=Matthijs J. de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yS_RzgEACAAJ |title=NBV21: de vertaalmethode toegelicht |last2=Jong |first2=Matthijs de |last3=Hoogerwerf |first3=Cor |last4=Hoogerwerf |first4=Cornelis |date=2021 |publisher=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |isbn=978-90-8912-260-5 |pages=31 |language=nl}}</ref>|derived_from=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling|religious_affiliation=Ecumenical|website=https://bijbel.nbv21.nl/|publisher=The Bible Society for the Netherlands and Flanders|authorship=[https://www.debijbel.nl/nbv21/medewerkers Employees and stakeholders NBV21]}}
The '''NBV21''' is an [[ecumenical]] [[Dutch language|Dutch-language]] [[Bible translations|Bible translation]], published by the [[Dutch-Flemish Bible Society]] in 2021. The NBV21 is a revised version of the [[Netherlands Bible Society#New Bible Translation|New Bible Translation]] ({{Lang-nl|Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling|links=no}}; NBV) of 2004. In comparison to the NBV, around 12,000 edits were made to the NBV21.{{Efn|The introduction of reverential capitalization (see below) is not counted.}}
The name "NBV21" was revealed in October 2020,<ref>{{Cite news |last=van Houten |first=Maaike |date=2020-10-29 |title=12.000 aanpassingen in de Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling: ‘aalmoes’ gaat eruit hoofdletters komen terug |url=https://www.trouw.nl/religie-filoso...gaat-eruit-hoofdletters-komen-terug~bec9d56c/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020103...gaat-eruit-hoofdletters-komen-terug~bec9d56c/ |archive-date=2020-10-31 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=[[Trouw]]}}</ref> before being published on 13 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling: NBV21 |url=https://www.kuleuven.be/thomas/page/actualiteit-nbv21/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Godsdienstonderwijs.be |language=nl}}</ref> The first printed copy was presented to [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]], the patron of the Dutch-Flemish Bible Society.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-13 |title=Bijbel voor de 21e eeuw is af, maar ook deze zal weer discussie oproepen |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2401532-bijb...-af-maar-ook-deze-zal-weer-discussie-oproepen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...-af-maar-ook-deze-zal-weer-discussie-oproepen |archive-date=2021-10-13 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Koning ontvangt vernieuwde Bijbel - Bijbelgenootschap |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/nieuws/koning-ontvangt-vernieuwde-bijbel/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...nootschap.nl/nieuws-koning-vernieuwde-bijbel/ |archive-date=2021-10-13 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |language=nl-NL}}</ref> Copies of the NBV21 were then sent to ten representatives of various churches and religious communities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |date=2021-10-13 |title=Vertegenwoordigers van uiteenlopende kerken ontvangen nieuwe Bijbel |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/nieuws-kerkvertegenwoordigers-ontvangen-nbv21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...ieuws-kerkvertegenwoordigers-ontvangen-nbv21/ |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref>
== Background ==
The NBV21 is the culmination of a 30-year long project to create a Dutch-language Bible translation which is broadly useful for both liturgy and culture. In 1989, the interdenominational Council for Contact and Deliberation regarding the Bible ({{Lang|nl|Raad voor Contact en Overleg betreffende de Bijbel}}; RCOB) declared the intention to work towards a common Bible translation. The process of translation began in the 1990s, resulting in the New Bible Translation of 2004.{{Appendix}}In 2009, the Dutch Bible Society ({{Lang|nl|Nederlands Bijbelgenootschap}}) and the Catholic Bible Foundation ({{Lang|nl|Katholieke Bijbelstichting}}) declared a revision of this translation, whereby criticism of the NBV would be addressed. In 2016, the Dutch Bible Society began work on the revised translation. The method of translation remained the same, but the NBV21 was tightened and adjusted on certain points compared to the NBV. Nevertheless, edits were performed on almost every page.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achter de schermen |url=https://nbv21.nl/over-de-nbv21/achter-de-schermen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317004935/https://nbv21.nl/over-de-nbv21/achter-de-schermen/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NBV21 |language=nl}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=NBV21 - Dicht bij de bron |url=https://nbv21.nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505131014/https://nbv21.nl/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date= |website=NBV21 |language=nl}}</ref> The process of translation was finished by early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-02 |title=Het vertaalwerk aan de NBV21 is klaar |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/het-vertaalwerk-aan-de-nbv21-is-klaar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021020...hap.nl/het-vertaalwerk-aan-de-nbv21-is-klaar/ |archive-date=2021-02-02 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |language=nl}}</ref> The name NBV21 was announced, with the number not only representing the year 2021 but also the 21st century.
== Method of revision ==
=== Concerns ===
Several small errors in the translation of the NBV were corrected in the NBV21. In some instances, the Dutch prose was improved. The translation was also adjusted to remain in accordance with scientific findings, while the core of the revision consisted of a slight adjustment of the NBV across the board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |date=2020-10-01 |title=Op weg naar de NBV21 |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...l.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work={{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}} |volume=39}}</ref> In addition, the reactions of readers' wishes were taken into account. Their wishes were converted into the four revisional principles:
# More consistency: more alignment between texts that read alike in the source text. This includes fixed formulas, casual similarities, allusions and quotations.
# Functional concordance: making functional word repetitions, such as motifs, more visible in translation without detracting from the Dutch language.
# Broad support: proposals for translation, including those made by readers, were tested for scientific support.
# Less interpretation: interpretations have been tested and texts have been translated more openly when appropriate.
=== Reverential capitalization ===
A notable change in the NBV21 is the implementation of reverential capitalization of [[personal pronouns]] which refer to God, Jesus, or the Holy Ghost,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Buitenwerf |first=Rieuwerd |date=2020-10-21 |title=Eerbiedshoofdletters in de gereviseerde NBV |url=https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedskapitalen-in-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021091...euws/eerbiedskapitalen-in-de-gereviseerde-nbv |archive-date=2021-09-17 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NBV21 |publisher= |language=nl}}</ref> which was the most requested change from readers. The main argument against reverential capitalization was that its usage would disappear in language, however the argument did not prove to be tenable.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=van Dorp |first=Jaap |date=mei 2021 |title=De eerbiedshoofdletter: terug van nooit weggeweest |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/de-eerbiedshoofdletter-terug-van-nooit-weggeweest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...erbiedshoofdletter-terug-van-nooit-weggeweest |archive-date=2022-05-05 |magazine=Met Andere Woorden |pages=56-71 |volume=40/1}}</ref> The usage of reverential capitalization in the NBV21 is more austere than, for example, is found in the Revised States Version ({{Lang|nl|Herziene Statenvertaling}}; HSV): the NBV21 only capitalizes personal pronouns, while the HSV also capitalizes [[Possessive|possessives]], among other words. The former is in line with the {{Ill|NBG-translation 1951|nl|NBG-vertaling 1951}} and the {{Ill|Willibrord translation|nl|Willibrordvertaling}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |title=Eerbiedshoofdletters in NBV21 en HSV: beleid en theologie |url=https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedshoofdletters-nbv-hsv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206100842/https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedshoofdletters-nbv-hsv |archive-date=2023-12-06 |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=NBV21}}</ref>
=== Process ===
Like the NBV, the NBV21 was processed through pairs of translators. The first groups of translators made proposals for revision, which were reviewed by the second groups. Then there was input from the translation coordinator, the guidance committee and finally the redactors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |date=2020-10-01 |title=Op weg naar de NBV21 |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...l.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work={{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}} |volume=39}}</ref> The readership was kept informed of the revision process, including through the [[trade magazine]] {{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}}.
== Other characteristics ==
=== Source texts ===
The NBV21 is mostly based on the same source texts as the NBV, but also relies on newer editions of the sources which have been released since 2004. The Old Testament employs parts of the [[Biblia Hebraica Quinta]] that have been released since 2020. The New Testament was adapted according to the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]] (Nestle-Aland), that, in the Catholic epistles, contains new text which is based on the [[Editio Critica Maior]] (ECM). In addition, the new text of the ECM was used for the books of [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and [[Book of Acts|Acts]].
=== New translatory decisions ===
In the [[book of Job]], Job's reaction towards God (Job 42:5–6) was drastically changed on the basis of evolved insights in [[Old Testament studies]]. Job does not acknowledge guilt, but stops the charge against God because he found comfort despite his suffering. According to Old Testament scholar Hans Debel, this is "a significant improvement over both the original NBV and most other translations in the Dutch language".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Debel |first=Hans |date=2021-10-01 |title=Een ommekeer voor de ommekeer van Job |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/een-ommekeer-voor-de-ommekeer-van-job |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...bericht/een-ommekeer-voor-de-ommekeer-van-job |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Met Andere Woorden |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This accords with the third revisional concern (broad support).
A passage in the book of [[Ecclesiastes]] (Ecclesiastes 7:26–29) which is often interpreted misogynistically was translated differently. Careful attention for the Hebrew style of the book shows that Ecclesiastes does not present its own opinion, but is instead quoting a common view, which it then rejects: "But I never saw that confirmed."<ref>{{Cite news |last=van Dorp |first=Jaap |date=2021-10-01 |title=Prediker 7:26-29 opnieuw vertaald |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...l.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Met Andere Woorden |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This accords with the third revisional concern.
Certain sections of the [[Pauline Epistles]] pertain to the contrast between flesh ({{Lang-grc-x-koine|σάρξ|translit=sarx}}) and spirit ({{Lang-grc-x-koine|πνεῦμα|translit=pneuma|label=none}}), particularly in [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 7–8 and [[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]] 5. In the NBV21, the Greek word ''{{Lang-grc-x-koine|sarx|label=none}}'' in this portion is identified in Dutch as {{Lang-nl|aards|lit=earthly|label=none}}: {{Lang-nl|aardse begeerte
|lit=earthly desire(s)|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse maatstaven|lit=earthly measures|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse natuur|lit=earthly nature|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|het aardse streven|lit=the earthly pursuit|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse zaken|lit=earthly matters|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|het aardse|lit=the earthly|label=none}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hoogerwerf |first=Cor |date=2021-10-01 |title=De mens, het aardse en de Geest. De vertaling van sarx in de NBV21 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...l.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...bel.nl/bericht/de-mens-het-aardse-en-de-geest |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This connects to the second revisional concern (functional concordance).
=== Design ===
On 10 March 2022, the foundation The Best Dutch Book Designs ({{Lang-nl|De Best Verzorgde Boeken|links=no}}) announced the standard edition of the NBV21 as one of the 32 most well-designed books of the Netherlands in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bruins |first=Gerald |date=2022-03-10 |title=NBV21 een van de best verzorgde boeken van Nederland |url=https://www.nd.nl/nieuws/nederland/1113564/nbv21-een-van-de-best-verzorgde-boeken-van-nederland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022031...en-van-de-best-verzorgde-boeken-van-nederland |archive-date=2022-03-10 |access-date=2022-03-10 |publisher=Nederlands Dagblad}}</ref>
== External links ==
* [https://nbv21.nl/ Website of the NBV21]
* [https://debijbel.nl/nbv21 Online accountability and colophon of the NBV21]
== Further reading ==
* Matthijs de Jong, 'Op weg naar de NBV21', ''Met Andere Woorden'' 39/2 (2020), 4-19 ([https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv online]).
* Matthijs de Jong, 'NBV21 in context. Het samenspel van lezers en vertalers in de revisie van de Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling', ''Kerk en Theologie'' 2021/2 (2021), 104-116 ([https://www.theologie.nl/artikelen/bijbel-en-exegese/nbv21-in-context/ online]).
* Tineke Bol-Drieenhuizen en Lourens de Vries, 'De revisie als vertaalwetenschappelijk avontuur', ''Met Andere Woorden'' 40/1 (mei 2021), 34-49 ([https://debijbel.nl/bericht/de-revisie-als-vertaalwetenschappelijk-avontuur online]).
* Matthijs de Jong en Cor Hoogerwerf, ''NBV21: De vertaalmethode toegelicht'', Haarlem/Antwerpen: Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap 2021.
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2021]]
[[Category:21st-century documents]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in Belgium]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Bible translations into Dutch]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{Infobox Bible translation|title=NBV21|image=NBV21 book cover.jpg|image_caption=NBV21 Literary edition cover|language=Dutch|alt=Dutch text showing "De Bijbel" above a painting of a lamb carcass with its legs tied together.|bible_published=2021|copyright=© 2021 Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap, Haarlem/Antwerpen. All rights reserved.|other_names=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling 2021|textual_basis={{Ubl
|'''[[Old Testament|OT]]''': ''[[Biblia Hebraica Quinta|BHQ]]''; ''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia|BHS]]''
|'''[[Deuterocanon|DC]]''': ''[[SVTG]]''
|'''[[New Testament|NT]]''': ''[[NA28]]''; ''[[Editio Critica Maior|ECM]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bronteksten - Bijbel online |url=https://debijbel.nl/nbv21/bronteksten |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603203840/https://www.debijbel.nl/nbv21/bronteksten |archive-date=2023-06-03 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=debijbel.nl |language=nl}}</ref>
}}|genesis_1:1-3=In het begin schiep God de hemel en de aarde. De aarde was woest en doods, duisternis lag over de oervloed, en over het water zweefde Gods geest. God zei: ‘Laat er licht zijn,’ en er was licht.|john_3:16=Want God had de wereld zo lief dat Hij zijn enige Zoon heeft gegeven, opdat iedereen die in Hem gelooft niet verloren gaat, maar eeuwig leven heeft.|translation_type=[[Semantic_equivalence_(linguistics)#Approaches_to_translation|Functional equivalence]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jong |first=Matthijs J. de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yS_RzgEACAAJ |title=NBV21: de vertaalmethode toegelicht |last2=Jong |first2=Matthijs de |last3=Hoogerwerf |first3=Cor |last4=Hoogerwerf |first4=Cornelis |date=2021 |publisher=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |isbn=978-90-8912-260-5 |pages=31 |language=nl}}</ref>|derived_from=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling|religious_affiliation=Ecumenical|website=https://bijbel.nbv21.nl/|publisher=The Bible Society for the Netherlands and Flanders|authorship=[https://www.debijbel.nl/nbv21/medewerkers Employees and stakeholders NBV21]}}
The '''NBV21''' is an [[ecumenical]] [[Dutch language|Dutch-language]] [[Bible translations|Bible translation]], published by the [[Dutch-Flemish Bible Society]] in 2021. The NBV21 is a revised version of the [[Netherlands Bible Society#New Bible Translation|New Bible Translation]] ({{Lang-nl|Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling|links=no}}; NBV) of 2004. In comparison to the NBV, around 12,000 edits were made to the NBV21.{{Efn|The introduction of reverential capitalization (see below) is not counted.}}
The name "NBV21" was revealed in October 2020,<ref>{{Cite news |last=van Houten |first=Maaike |date=2020-10-29 |title=12.000 aanpassingen in de Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling: ‘aalmoes’ gaat eruit hoofdletters komen terug |url=https://www.trouw.nl/religie-filoso...gaat-eruit-hoofdletters-komen-terug~bec9d56c/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020103...gaat-eruit-hoofdletters-komen-terug~bec9d56c/ |archive-date=2020-10-31 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=[[Trouw]]}}</ref> before being published on 13 October 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling: NBV21 |url=https://www.kuleuven.be/thomas/page/actualiteit-nbv21/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Godsdienstonderwijs.be |language=nl}}</ref> The first printed copy was presented to [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander]], the patron of the Dutch-Flemish Bible Society.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-10-13 |title=Bijbel voor de 21e eeuw is af, maar ook deze zal weer discussie oproepen |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2401532-bijb...-af-maar-ook-deze-zal-weer-discussie-oproepen |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...-af-maar-ook-deze-zal-weer-discussie-oproepen |archive-date=2021-10-13 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Koning ontvangt vernieuwde Bijbel - Bijbelgenootschap |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/nieuws/koning-ontvangt-vernieuwde-bijbel/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...nootschap.nl/nieuws-koning-vernieuwde-bijbel/ |archive-date=2021-10-13 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |language=nl-NL}}</ref> Copies of the NBV21 were then sent to ten representatives of various churches and religious communities.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |date=2021-10-13 |title=Vertegenwoordigers van uiteenlopende kerken ontvangen nieuwe Bijbel |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/nieuws-kerkvertegenwoordigers-ontvangen-nbv21/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021101...ieuws-kerkvertegenwoordigers-ontvangen-nbv21/ |archive-date=2021-10-14 |access-date=2021-10-14}}</ref>
== Background ==
The NBV21 is the culmination of a 30-year long project to create a Dutch-language Bible translation which is broadly useful for both liturgy and culture. In 1989, the interdenominational Council for Contact and Deliberation regarding the Bible ({{Lang|nl|Raad voor Contact en Overleg betreffende de Bijbel}}; RCOB) declared the intention to work towards a common Bible translation. The process of translation began in the 1990s, resulting in the New Bible Translation of 2004.{{Appendix}}In 2009, the Dutch Bible Society ({{Lang|nl|Nederlands Bijbelgenootschap}}) and the Catholic Bible Foundation ({{Lang|nl|Katholieke Bijbelstichting}}) declared a revision of this translation, whereby criticism of the NBV would be addressed. In 2016, the Dutch Bible Society began work on the revised translation. The method of translation remained the same, but the NBV21 was tightened and adjusted on certain points compared to the NBV. Nevertheless, edits were performed on almost every page.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achter de schermen |url=https://nbv21.nl/over-de-nbv21/achter-de-schermen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317004935/https://nbv21.nl/over-de-nbv21/achter-de-schermen/ |archive-date=2024-03-17 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NBV21 |language=nl}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=NBV21 - Dicht bij de bron |url=https://nbv21.nl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505131014/https://nbv21.nl/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date= |website=NBV21 |language=nl}}</ref> The process of translation was finished by early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-02 |title=Het vertaalwerk aan de NBV21 is klaar |url=https://www.bijbelgenootschap.nl/het-vertaalwerk-aan-de-nbv21-is-klaar/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021020...hap.nl/het-vertaalwerk-aan-de-nbv21-is-klaar/ |archive-date=2021-02-02 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap |language=nl}}</ref> The name NBV21 was announced, with the number not only representing the year 2021 but also the 21st century.
== Method of revision ==
=== Concerns ===
Several small errors in the translation of the NBV were corrected in the NBV21. In some instances, the Dutch prose was improved. The translation was also adjusted to remain in accordance with scientific findings, while the core of the revision consisted of a slight adjustment of the NBV across the board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |date=2020-10-01 |title=Op weg naar de NBV21 |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...l.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work={{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}} |volume=39}}</ref> In addition, the reactions of readers' wishes were taken into account. Their wishes were converted into the four revisional principles:
# More consistency: more alignment between texts that read alike in the source text. This includes fixed formulas, casual similarities, allusions and quotations.
# Functional concordance: making functional word repetitions, such as motifs, more visible in translation without detracting from the Dutch language.
# Broad support: proposals for translation, including those made by readers, were tested for scientific support.
# Less interpretation: interpretations have been tested and texts have been translated more openly when appropriate.
=== Reverential capitalization ===
A notable change in the NBV21 is the implementation of reverential capitalization of [[personal pronouns]] which refer to God, Jesus, or the Holy Ghost,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Buitenwerf |first=Rieuwerd |date=2020-10-21 |title=Eerbiedshoofdletters in de gereviseerde NBV |url=https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedskapitalen-in-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021091...euws/eerbiedskapitalen-in-de-gereviseerde-nbv |archive-date=2021-09-17 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=NBV21 |publisher= |language=nl}}</ref> which was the most requested change from readers. The main argument against reverential capitalization was that its usage would disappear in language, however the argument did not prove to be tenable.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=van Dorp |first=Jaap |date=mei 2021 |title=De eerbiedshoofdletter: terug van nooit weggeweest |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/de-eerbiedshoofdletter-terug-van-nooit-weggeweest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...erbiedshoofdletter-terug-van-nooit-weggeweest |archive-date=2022-05-05 |magazine=Met Andere Woorden |pages=56-71 |volume=40/1}}</ref> The usage of reverential capitalization in the NBV21 is more austere than, for example, is found in the Revised States Version ({{Lang|nl|Herziene Statenvertaling}}; HSV): the NBV21 only capitalizes personal pronouns, while the HSV also capitalizes [[Possessive|possessives]], among other words. The former is in line with the {{Ill|NBG-translation 1951|nl|NBG-vertaling 1951}} and the {{Ill|Willibrord translation|nl|Willibrordvertaling}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |title=Eerbiedshoofdletters in NBV21 en HSV: beleid en theologie |url=https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedshoofdletters-nbv-hsv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206100842/https://nbv21.nl/nieuws/eerbiedshoofdletters-nbv-hsv |archive-date=2023-12-06 |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=NBV21}}</ref>
=== Process ===
Like the NBV, the NBV21 was processed through pairs of translators. The first groups of translators made proposals for revision, which were reviewed by the second groups. Then there was input from the translation coordinator, the guidance committee and finally the redactors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Jong |first=Matthijs |date=2020-10-01 |title=Op weg naar de NBV21 |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022050...l.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv/ |archive-date=2022-05-05 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work={{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}} |volume=39}}</ref> The readership was kept informed of the revision process, including through the [[trade magazine]] {{Ill|Met Andere Woorden|nl|Met Andere Woorden (vakblad)}}.
== Other characteristics ==
=== Source texts ===
The NBV21 is mostly based on the same source texts as the NBV, but also relies on newer editions of the sources which have been released since 2004. The Old Testament employs parts of the [[Biblia Hebraica Quinta]] that have been released since 2020. The New Testament was adapted according to the [[Novum Testamentum Graece]] (Nestle-Aland), that, in the Catholic epistles, contains new text which is based on the [[Editio Critica Maior]] (ECM). In addition, the new text of the ECM was used for the books of [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] and [[Book of Acts|Acts]].
=== New translatory decisions ===
In the [[book of Job]], Job's reaction towards God (Job 42:5–6) was drastically changed on the basis of evolved insights in [[Old Testament studies]]. Job does not acknowledge guilt, but stops the charge against God because he found comfort despite his suffering. According to Old Testament scholar Hans Debel, this is "a significant improvement over both the original NBV and most other translations in the Dutch language".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Debel |first=Hans |date=2021-10-01 |title=Een ommekeer voor de ommekeer van Job |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/een-ommekeer-voor-de-ommekeer-van-job |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...bericht/een-ommekeer-voor-de-ommekeer-van-job |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Met Andere Woorden |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This accords with the third revisional concern (broad support).
A passage in the book of [[Ecclesiastes]] (Ecclesiastes 7:26–29) which is often interpreted misogynistically was translated differently. Careful attention for the Hebrew style of the book shows that Ecclesiastes does not present its own opinion, but is instead quoting a common view, which it then rejects: "But I never saw that confirmed."<ref>{{Cite news |last=van Dorp |first=Jaap |date=2021-10-01 |title=Prediker 7:26-29 opnieuw vertaald |url=https://debijbel.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...l.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Met Andere Woorden |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This accords with the third revisional concern.
Certain sections of the [[Pauline Epistles]] pertain to the contrast between flesh ({{Lang-grc-x-koine|σάρξ|translit=sarx}}) and spirit ({{Lang-grc-x-koine|πνεῦμα|translit=pneuma|label=none}}), particularly in [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 7–8 and [[Epistle to the Galatians|Galatians]] 5. In the NBV21, the Greek word ''{{Lang-grc-x-koine|sarx|label=none}}'' in this portion is identified in Dutch as {{Lang-nl|aards|lit=earthly|label=none}}: {{Lang-nl|aardse begeerte
|lit=earthly desire(s)|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse maatstaven|lit=earthly measures|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse natuur|lit=earthly nature|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|het aardse streven|lit=the earthly pursuit|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|aardse zaken|lit=earthly matters|label=none}}; {{Lang-nl|het aardse|lit=the earthly|label=none}}.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hoogerwerf |first=Cor |date=2021-10-01 |title=De mens, het aardse en de Geest. De vertaling van sarx in de NBV21 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...l.nl/bericht/prediker-726-29-opnieuw-vertaald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021120...bel.nl/bericht/de-mens-het-aardse-en-de-geest |archive-date=2021-12-04 |access-date=2024-04-27 |language=nl |volume=40}}</ref> This connects to the second revisional concern (functional concordance).=== Design ===
On 10 March 2022, the foundation The Best Dutch Book Designs ({{Lang-nl|De Best Verzorgde Boeken|links=no}}) announced the standard edition of the NBV21 as one of the 32 most well-designed books of the Netherlands in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bruins |first=Gerald |date=2022-03-10 |title=NBV21 een van de best verzorgde boeken van Nederland |url=https://www.nd.nl/nieuws/nederland/1113564/nbv21-een-van-de-best-verzorgde-boeken-van-nederland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022031...en-van-de-best-verzorgde-boeken-van-nederland |archive-date=2022-03-10 |access-date=2022-03-10 |publisher=Nederlands Dagblad}}</ref>
== External links ==
* [https://nbv21.nl/ Website of the NBV21]
* [https://debijbel.nl/nbv21 Online accountability and colophon of the NBV21]
== Further reading ==
* Matthijs de Jong, 'Op weg naar de NBV21', ''Met Andere Woorden'' 39/2 (2020), 4-19 ([https://debijbel.nl/bericht/op-weg-naar-de-gereviseerde-nbv online]).
* Matthijs de Jong, 'NBV21 in context. Het samenspel van lezers en vertalers in de revisie van de Nieuwe Bijbelvertaling', ''Kerk en Theologie'' 2021/2 (2021), 104-116 ([https://www.theologie.nl/artikelen/bijbel-en-exegese/nbv21-in-context/ online]).
* Tineke Bol-Drieenhuizen en Lourens de Vries, 'De revisie als vertaalwetenschappelijk avontuur', ''Met Andere Woorden'' 40/1 (mei 2021), 34-49 ([https://debijbel.nl/bericht/de-revisie-als-vertaalwetenschappelijk-avontuur online]).
* Matthijs de Jong en Cor Hoogerwerf, ''NBV21: De vertaalmethode toegelicht'', Haarlem/Antwerpen: Nederlands-Vlaams Bijbelgenootschap 2021.
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2021]]
[[Category:21st-century documents]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in Belgium]]
[[Category:Catholic Church in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Bible translations into Dutch]]
Okumaya devam et...