Grnrchst: Created article.
{{Short description|Russian revolutionary (1854—1878)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Maria Subbotina
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Subbotina_Maria_Dmitrievna.jpg
| image_upright =
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption = Subbotina in 1876
| native_name = Мария Дмитриевна Субботина
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1854}}
| birth_place = [[Izmalkovo, Lipetsk Oblast|Podvorgolskoye]], [[Oryol Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1878|02|08|1854|||df=y}}
| death_place = [[Novouzensk]], [[Samara Governorate|Samara]], Russian Empire
| death_cause = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability -->
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) -->
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments =
| nationality = [[Russians|Russian]]
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| education = {{unbulleted list|[[University of Zurich]]|[[Sorbonne University]]}}
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = <!-- discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for =
| notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" -->
| style =
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| television =
| title = <!-- formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) -->
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Land and Liberty (Russia)|Land and Liberty]]
| otherparty = [[All-Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Organisation]]
| movement = [[Narodniks]]
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charges = <!-- criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = <!-- use article title or common name -->
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = {{ill|Sofia Subbotina|ru|Субботина, Софья Александровна}}
| father = Dmitrii Subbotin
| relatives = [[Evgeniia Subbotina|Evgeniia]] and {{ill|Nadezhda Subbotina{{!}}Nadezhda|ru|Субботина, Надежда Дмитриевна}} (sisters)
| family =
| callsign = <!-- amateur radio, use if relevant -->
| awards =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| signature =
| signature_type =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maria Dmitrievna Subbotina''' ({{lang-ru|Мария Дмитриевна Субботина}}; 1854—1878) was a [[Russians|Russian]] [[Narodniks|Narodnik]] [[revolutionary]]. Born into a noble family in the [[Oryol Governorate|Oryol]], she was educated in [[Moscow]] and moved abroad to study medicine at the [[University of Zurich]]. In Switzerland, she became involved in the [[socialism|socialist]] circles led by [[Pyotr Lavrov]] and [[Mikhail Bakunin]], the latter of whom she followed to [[Zagreb]] in order to organise among [[Serbian nationalism|Serbian nationalists]] planning the [[Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)|Herzegovina uprising]]. In 1874, she returned to Russia, where she began organising factory works in [[Ivanovo]] and [[Moscow]]. She was arrested for her activities and tried in the {{ill|Trial of the 50|ru|Процесс пятидесяти}}, which sentenced her to exile in [[Siberia]], although her sentence was lessened to exile in the [[Volga region]], as she had fallen seriously ill. She died of [[tuberculosis]] while in exile in [[Novouzensk]].
==Biography==
Maria Dmitrievna Subbotina was born in 1854, in the village of [[Izmalkovo, Lipetsk Oblast|Podvorgolskoye]], in the [[Oryol Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]].{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} She was the second daughter of a noble landowner,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} Dmitrii Subbotin,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} who died shortly after the birth of his youngest daughter {{ill|Nadezhda Subbotina{{!}}Nadezhda|ru|Субботина, Надежда Дмитриевна}}, leaving his children with a considerable inheritance. The girls' mother, {{ill|Sofia Subbotina|ru|Субботина, Софья Александровна}}, endeavoured to provide them with the best possible education,{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=129}} enrolling them at a girls' school in [[Moscow]] in 1868.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}}
She never formally graduated from school,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} as in 1872, she decided to follow her older sister [[Evgeniia Subbotina|Evgeniia]] and her friend {{ill|Anna Toporkova|ru|Топоркова, Анна Григорьевна}} in travelling abroad to [[Zurich]], where she enrolled in the medical faculty of the [[University of Zurich]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} She quickly came to dislike life in [[Switzerland]], remarking that "in despotical Russia life is easier. There is not this depressing atmosphere of routine and habit as here in "free" Switzerland".{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=130}} There she joined a Russian student circle led by [[Pyotr Lavrov]], who she became a follower of, working as a typesetter for his magazine ''[[Vpered! (1873)|Vpered]]''.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=140|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} She also joined the ''Fritschi'' women's group.{{Sfnm|1a1=Engel|1a2=Rosenthal|1y=1992|1p=102n2|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}}
When the Tsarist government issued a ban on women studying in Zurich, in 1874, she moved to [[Paris]], in order to pursue her medical studies at [[Sorbonne University]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=142|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} But she didn't end up graduating,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}} as the [[anarchism|anarchist]] revolutionary [[Mikhail Bakunin]] had invited her to [[Zagreb]] in order to work with local [[Serbian nationalism|Serbian nationalists]], who were in the middle of preparations for the [[Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)|Herzegovina uprising]].{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=144}} She and [[Olga Lyubatovich]], both followers of Bakunin, travelled to the Balkans,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=144|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} where they joined a local Serbian [[socialism|socialist]] organisation.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}}
Together with other women from the Zurich socialist group, she subsequently returned to Russia,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1pp=144, 146|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} where they took up political activism. Together with [[Varvara Alexandrova]] and Anna Toporkova, she went to work in a factory in [[Ivanovo]] and lived together in Toporkova's flat.{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=146}} Subbotina was implicated in the [[Trial of the 193]] due to her mother's arrest in September 1874. She was initially prevented from leaving the [[Kursk Governorate]], but by 19 February 1876, she had been [[acquittal|acquitted]] due to a lack of evidence.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}}
During this time, she moved to [[Moscow]], where she joined the [[All-Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Organisation]]. She fell ill with [[tuberculosis]], so was unable to actively participate in its propaganda activities, but oversaw the supplying of propagandists with money and books.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}} On 12 August 1875,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=148|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1638}} her flat in [[Ivanovo]] was raided and she was arrested together with Alexandrova and Toporkova.{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=148}} Subbotina was transferred to Moscow, where she was incarcerated in [[Butyrka prison]] while awaiting trial.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}} After attempting [[suicide]] due to the harsh conditions of her imprisonment, her condition worsened and she was granted [[compassionate release]] in 1876.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1pp=148-149|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1638}}
Before long, she had joined back up with the [[Narodniks]] and participated in the founding of the [[Land and Liberty (Russia)#The second composition (1876-1879)|Land and Liberty]] organisation. On 30 November 1876, she was named as a participant in subversive anti-government activities in the {{ill|Trial of the 50|ru|Процесс пятидесяти}}, which saw her arrested again and confined in [[pre-trial detention]]. On 14 March 1877, she was found guilty of belonging to an illegal political organisation and sentenced to exile in the [[Tomsk Governorate]], where she would be deprived of her rights and prevented from leaving the province. However, due to the circumstances of her illness, on 14 August 1877, the court accepted an appeal to replace her sentence with exile to the [[Samara Governorate]]. In autumn of 1877, she was transferred to [[Novouzensk]], where she died from tuberclosis on 8 February 1878.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last1=Engel|editor-first1=Barbara Alpern|editor-last2=Rosenthal|editor-first2=Clifford N.|year=1992|orig-year=1975|title=Five Sisters: Women Against the Tsar|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-90715-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Porter|first=Cathy|year=1976|title=Fathers and Daughters: Russian Women in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0wFAQAAIAAJ|location=[[London]]|publisher=[[Virago Press]]|isbn=0-704-32802-X|oclc=2288139}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|title=Субботина, Мария Дмитриевна|url=https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003048063?page=129|trans-title=Subbotina, Maria Dmitrievna|year=1932|editor-first1=A. A.|editor-last1=Shilov|editor-first2=M. G.|editor-last2=Karnaukhova|encyclopedia={{ill|Деятели революционного движения в России|ru}}|volume=4|pages=1637–1639|language=ru|location=[[Moscow]]|publisher=[[Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers]]|oclc=749336544}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Subbotina, Maria}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century women from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Anarchists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Narodniks]]
[[Category
aris-Sorbonne University alumni]]
[[Categoryrisoners who died in Russian Empire detention]]
[[Category:Russian women activists]]
[[Category:University of Zurich alumni]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{Short description|Russian revolutionary (1854—1878)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Maria Subbotina
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Subbotina_Maria_Dmitrievna.jpg
| image_upright =
| landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption = Subbotina in 1876
| native_name = Мария Дмитриевна Субботина
| native_name_lang =
| pronunciation =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth year|1854}}
| birth_place = [[Izmalkovo, Lipetsk Oblast|Podvorgolskoye]], [[Oryol Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| baptised = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1878|02|08|1854|||df=y}}
| death_place = [[Novouzensk]], [[Samara Governorate|Samara]], Russian Empire
| death_cause = <!-- should only be included when the cause of death has significance for the subject's notability -->
| body_discovered =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates (displays "Burial place" as label) -->
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments =
| nationality = [[Russians|Russian]]
| other_names =
| siglum =
| citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| education = {{unbulleted list|[[University of Zurich]]|[[Sorbonne University]]}}
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| era =
| employer =
| organization =
| agent = <!-- discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for =
| notable_works = <!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works"; or by |label_name=, which produces label "Label(s)" -->
| style =
| height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| television =
| title = <!-- formal/awarded/job title. The parameter |office=may be used as an alternative when the label is better rendered as "Office" (e.g. public office or appointments) -->
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| party = [[Land and Liberty (Russia)|Land and Liberty]]
| otherparty = [[All-Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Organisation]]
| movement = [[Narodniks]]
| opponents =
| boards =
| criminal_charges = <!-- criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| criminal_penalty =
| criminal_status =
| spouse = <!-- use article title or common name -->
| partner = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| children =
| parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother = {{ill|Sofia Subbotina|ru|Субботина, Софья Александровна}}
| father = Dmitrii Subbotin
| relatives = [[Evgeniia Subbotina|Evgeniia]] and {{ill|Nadezhda Subbotina{{!}}Nadezhda|ru|Субботина, Надежда Дмитриевна}} (sisters)
| family =
| callsign = <!-- amateur radio, use if relevant -->
| awards =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| module =
| module2 =
| module3 =
| module4 =
| module5 =
| module6 =
| signature =
| signature_type =
| signature_size =
| signature_alt =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Maria Dmitrievna Subbotina''' ({{lang-ru|Мария Дмитриевна Субботина}}; 1854—1878) was a [[Russians|Russian]] [[Narodniks|Narodnik]] [[revolutionary]]. Born into a noble family in the [[Oryol Governorate|Oryol]], she was educated in [[Moscow]] and moved abroad to study medicine at the [[University of Zurich]]. In Switzerland, she became involved in the [[socialism|socialist]] circles led by [[Pyotr Lavrov]] and [[Mikhail Bakunin]], the latter of whom she followed to [[Zagreb]] in order to organise among [[Serbian nationalism|Serbian nationalists]] planning the [[Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)|Herzegovina uprising]]. In 1874, she returned to Russia, where she began organising factory works in [[Ivanovo]] and [[Moscow]]. She was arrested for her activities and tried in the {{ill|Trial of the 50|ru|Процесс пятидесяти}}, which sentenced her to exile in [[Siberia]], although her sentence was lessened to exile in the [[Volga region]], as she had fallen seriously ill. She died of [[tuberculosis]] while in exile in [[Novouzensk]].
==Biography==
Maria Dmitrievna Subbotina was born in 1854, in the village of [[Izmalkovo, Lipetsk Oblast|Podvorgolskoye]], in the [[Oryol Governorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]].{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} She was the second daughter of a noble landowner,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} Dmitrii Subbotin,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} who died shortly after the birth of his youngest daughter {{ill|Nadezhda Subbotina{{!}}Nadezhda|ru|Субботина, Надежда Дмитриевна}}, leaving his children with a considerable inheritance. The girls' mother, {{ill|Sofia Subbotina|ru|Субботина, Софья Александровна}}, endeavoured to provide them with the best possible education,{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=129}} enrolling them at a girls' school in [[Moscow]] in 1868.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}}
She never formally graduated from school,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1637}} as in 1872, she decided to follow her older sister [[Evgeniia Subbotina|Evgeniia]] and her friend {{ill|Anna Toporkova|ru|Топоркова, Анна Григорьевна}} in travelling abroad to [[Zurich]], where she enrolled in the medical faculty of the [[University of Zurich]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=129|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} She quickly came to dislike life in [[Switzerland]], remarking that "in despotical Russia life is easier. There is not this depressing atmosphere of routine and habit as here in "free" Switzerland".{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=130}} There she joined a Russian student circle led by [[Pyotr Lavrov]], who she became a follower of, working as a typesetter for his magazine ''[[Vpered! (1873)|Vpered]]''.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=140|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}} She also joined the ''Fritschi'' women's group.{{Sfnm|1a1=Engel|1a2=Rosenthal|1y=1992|1p=102n2|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1637}}
When the Tsarist government issued a ban on women studying in Zurich, in 1874, she moved to [[Paris]], in order to pursue her medical studies at [[Sorbonne University]].{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=142|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} But she didn't end up graduating,{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}} as the [[anarchism|anarchist]] revolutionary [[Mikhail Bakunin]] had invited her to [[Zagreb]] in order to work with local [[Serbian nationalism|Serbian nationalists]], who were in the middle of preparations for the [[Herzegovina uprising (1875–1877)|Herzegovina uprising]].{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=144}} She and [[Olga Lyubatovich]], both followers of Bakunin, travelled to the Balkans,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=144|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} where they joined a local Serbian [[socialism|socialist]] organisation.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}}
Together with other women from the Zurich socialist group, she subsequently returned to Russia,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1pp=144, 146|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2pp=1637-1638}} where they took up political activism. Together with [[Varvara Alexandrova]] and Anna Toporkova, she went to work in a factory in [[Ivanovo]] and lived together in Toporkova's flat.{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=146}} Subbotina was implicated in the [[Trial of the 193]] due to her mother's arrest in September 1874. She was initially prevented from leaving the [[Kursk Governorate]], but by 19 February 1876, she had been [[acquittal|acquitted]] due to a lack of evidence.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|pp=1637-1638}}
During this time, she moved to [[Moscow]], where she joined the [[All-Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Organisation]]. She fell ill with [[tuberculosis]], so was unable to actively participate in its propaganda activities, but oversaw the supplying of propagandists with money and books.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}} On 12 August 1875,{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1p=148|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1638}} her flat in [[Ivanovo]] was raided and she was arrested together with Alexandrova and Toporkova.{{Sfn|Porter|1976|p=148}} Subbotina was transferred to Moscow, where she was incarcerated in [[Butyrka prison]] while awaiting trial.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}} After attempting [[suicide]] due to the harsh conditions of her imprisonment, her condition worsened and she was granted [[compassionate release]] in 1876.{{Sfnm|1a1=Porter|1y=1976|1pp=148-149|2a1=Shilov|2a2=Karnaukhova|2y=1932|2p=1638}}
Before long, she had joined back up with the [[Narodniks]] and participated in the founding of the [[Land and Liberty (Russia)#The second composition (1876-1879)|Land and Liberty]] organisation. On 30 November 1876, she was named as a participant in subversive anti-government activities in the {{ill|Trial of the 50|ru|Процесс пятидесяти}}, which saw her arrested again and confined in [[pre-trial detention]]. On 14 March 1877, she was found guilty of belonging to an illegal political organisation and sentenced to exile in the [[Tomsk Governorate]], where she would be deprived of her rights and prevented from leaving the province. However, due to the circumstances of her illness, on 14 August 1877, the court accepted an appeal to replace her sentence with exile to the [[Samara Governorate]]. In autumn of 1877, she was transferred to [[Novouzensk]], where she died from tuberclosis on 8 February 1878.{{Sfn|Shilov|Karnaukhova|1932|p=1638}}
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|2}}
*{{Cite book|editor-last1=Engel|editor-first1=Barbara Alpern|editor-last2=Rosenthal|editor-first2=Clifford N.|year=1992|orig-year=1975|title=Five Sisters: Women Against the Tsar|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=0-415-90715-2}}
*{{cite book|last=Porter|first=Cathy|year=1976|title=Fathers and Daughters: Russian Women in Revolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0wFAQAAIAAJ|location=[[London]]|publisher=[[Virago Press]]|isbn=0-704-32802-X|oclc=2288139}}
*{{cite encyclopedia|title=Субботина, Мария Дмитриевна|url=https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003048063?page=129|trans-title=Subbotina, Maria Dmitrievna|year=1932|editor-first1=A. A.|editor-last1=Shilov|editor-first2=M. G.|editor-last2=Karnaukhova|encyclopedia={{ill|Деятели революционного движения в России|ru}}|volume=4|pages=1637–1639|language=ru|location=[[Moscow]]|publisher=[[Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers]]|oclc=749336544}}
{{refend}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Subbotina, Maria}}
[[Category:1854 births]]
[[Category:1878 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century women from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Anarchists from the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Narodniks]]
[[Category
aris-Sorbonne University alumni]][[Category
risoners who died in Russian Empire detention]][[Category:Russian women activists]]
[[Category:University of Zurich alumni]]
Okumaya devam et...