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| L'Enfant's plan additionally laid out a system of canals (later designated as the [[Washington City Canal]]) that would pass the Congress House and the President's House. One branch of the canal would empty into the Potomac River south of the President's House at the mouth of Tiber Creek, which would be channelized and straightened. The other branch of the canal would channelize [[James Creek]] and would divide and empty into the Eastern Branch at two separate points near the Eastern Branch's confluence with the Potomac River.<ref name=computerized /><ref name="L'Enfant34" /><ref name="High resolution image" /> The scale and complexity of the canals in the 1791-92 plan and its revisions suggested the importance of the canals within the grand design of the city, with important structures located along its banks—the proposed National Pantheon, [[Judiciary Square]], a market/exchange complex, a national bank and theater, as well as a grand church complex.<ref name=Robinson12/> | L'Enfant's plan additionally laid out a system of canals (later designated as the [[Washington City Canal]]) that would pass the Congress House and the President's House. One branch of the canal would empty into the Potomac River south of the President's House at the mouth of Tiber Creek, which would be channelized and straightened. The other branch of the canal would channelize [[James Creek]] and would divide and empty into the Eastern Branch at two separate points near the Eastern Branch's confluence with the Potomac River.<ref name=computerized /><ref name="L'Enfant34" /><ref name="High resolution image" /> The scale and complexity of the canals in the 1791-92 plan and its revisions suggested the importance of the canals within the grand design of the city, with important structures located along its banks—the proposed National Pantheon, [[Judiciary Square]], a market/exchange complex, a national bank and theater, as well as a grand church complex.<ref name=Robinson12/> |
| ==References from the plan== | |
| I. The positions for the different Grand Edifices, and for the several Grand Squares or Areas of different shapes as they are laid down, were first determined on the most advantageous ground, commanding the most extensive prospects, and the better susceptible of such improvements as the various intents of the several objects may require. [Fig. 2] | |
| II. Lines or Avenues of direct communication have been devised, to connect the separate and most distant objects with the principal, and to preserve through the whole a reciprocity of sight at the same time. Attention has been paid to the passing of those leading avenues over the most favorable ground for prospect and convenience. | |
| III. North and South lines, intersected by others running due East and West, make the distribution of the city into streets, squares, etc. . . . | |
| Every Grand transverse Avenue, and every principal divergent one, such as the communication from the President’s House to the Congress House etc. are 160 feet in breadth and thus divided: | |
| 10 feet of pavement on each side . . . . . . 20 | |
| 30 feet of gravel walk planted | |
| with trees on each side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 | |
| 80 feet in the middle for carriage way . . 80 | |
| 160 feet. . . . | |
| B. An historic Column—also intended for a Mile or itinerary Column, from whose station (a mile from the Federal house) all distances of places throughout the Continent to be calculated. | |
| C. A Naval itinerary Column, proposed to be erected to celebrate the first prize of a Navy and to stand a ready Monument to consecrate its progress and achievements. . . . | |
| E. Five grand fountains intended with a constant spout of water. N. B. There are within the limits of the City above 25 good springs of excellent water abundantly supplied in the driest season of the year. | |
| F. Grand Cascade, formed of water from the sources of the Tiber. | |
| G. Public walk, being a square of 1200 feet, through which carriages may ascend to the upper Square of the Federal House. | |
| H. Grand Avenue, 400 feet in breadth, and about a mile in length, bordered with gardens, ending in a slope from the houses on each side. This Avenue leads to Monument A and connects the Congress Garden with the | |
| I. President’s park and the | |
| K. well-improved field. . . . | |
| M. . . . The Squares colored yellow, being fifteen in number, are proposed to be divided among the several States of the Union, for each of them to improve, or subscribe a sum additional to the value of the land; that purpose and the improvements around the Square to be completed in a limited time. | |
| The center of each Square will admit of Statues, Columns, Obelisks, or any other ornament such as the different States may choose to erect: to perpetuate not only the memory of such individuals whose counsels or Military achievements were conspicuous in giving liberty and independence to this Country; but also those whose usefulness hath rendered them worthy of general imitation, to invite the youth of succeeding generations to tread in the paths of those sages, or heroes whom their country has thought proper to celebrate. | |
| The situation of these Squares is such that they are the most advantageously and reciprocally seen from each other and as equally distributed over the whole City district, and connected by spacious avenues round the grand Federal Improvements and as contiguous to them, and at the same time as equally distant from each other, as circumstances would admit. The Settlements round those Squares must soon become connected. | |
| ==Andrew Ellicott's revisions to the plan== | ==Andrew Ellicott's revisions to the plan== |
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