DMVHistorian: Created page
{{Short description|American author and politician}}
{{other people|John Edwards}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = John Edwards Caldwell
| image = John Edwards Caldwell.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Caldwell by [[Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin]], c. 1799.
| birth_date = February 2, 1769
| birth_place = [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]], [[New Jersey]], [[British America]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1819|3|9|1769|2|2|}}
| death_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York]], [[United States]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| spouse = {{marriage|Hannah Wyck|1805}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[James Caldwell (clergyman)|James Caldwell]] (father)
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for = ''A Tour through Part of Virginia''
| notable_works =
| office = [[Consul (representative)|Consular Agent]] for the [[West Indies]] and [[San Domingo]]
| president = [[Thomas Jefferson]]
| term_start = 1801
| term_end = 1803
}}
'''John Edwards Caldwell''' (February 2, 1769{{mdash}}March 9, 1819) was an American author, philanthropist, and politician who co-founded the [[American Bible Society]] and the [[Christian Herald]].
== Early life and family ==
Caldwell was born in 1769, the son of [[James Caldwell (clergyman)|James Caldwell]] and Hannah Ogden.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4...tcover&pg=PA61&dq=John+Edwards+Caldwell&hl=en |title=Lineage Book |date=1922 |publisher=The Society of Daughters of the American Revolution |language=en}}</ref> His father was a Presbyterian minister who played a prominent part in the [[American Revolution]] and was known as the "Fighting Parson".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |year=1913 |title=West Virginia and its people |url=https://archive.org/stream/westvirginiaitsp02mill/westvirginiaitsp02mill_djvu.txt |publisher=New York, Lewis Historical Pub. Co.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of West Caldwell |url=http://www.westcaldwell.com/content/117/default.aspx |publisher=Township of West Caldwell |quote=Caldwell earned the nickname "the Fighting Parson" because of his aid to Washington's men as they battled in various parts of Horseneck.}}</ref> Caldwell's [[Caldwell Parsonage|family home]] was burned by [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]] in 1780.<ref name=":0" />
After his father's murder in 1781, Caldwell was placed under the care of his legal guardian [[Elias Boudinot]], who sent him to live in the home of Rev. [[Alexander MacWhorter]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: 21st. |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0007-0004-0014 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> Caldwell was later adopted by [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]], who took him with his family upon his return to France in 1782.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Memoir of the Rev. James Caldwell, of Elizabethtown |publisher=N.J. Hist. Soc. |year=1848}}</ref> Caldwell was educated in a French boarding school during that period. In 1785, Caldwell and the family of Lafayette dined with [[John Adams]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>“21st.,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0007-0004-0014</nowiki>. [Original source: ''The Adams Papers'', Diary of John Quincy Adams, vol. 1, ''November 1779 – March 1786'', ed. Robert J. Taylor and Marc Friedlaender. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, p. 225.]</ref> In 1791, Caldwell returned to America and settled in [[Philadelphia]], where his guardian Boudinot was living.<ref name=":1" />
=== Marriage ===
In 1801, Caldwell married Hanna Wyck, and they had one daughter.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=The Ogden Family in America, Elizabethtown Branch |page=161}}</ref>
== Career ==
In June 1801, Caldwell received a recess appointment by President [[Thomas Jefferson]] as [[Consul (representative)|Consular Agent]] for the West Indies and San Domingo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from John R. Smith, 5 March 1801 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0149 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: III. List of Interim Appointments from the State Department, [ … |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-36-02-0183-0004 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate in January 1802.<ref>“To Thomas Jefferson from John R. Smith, 5 March 1801,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0149</nowiki>. [Original source: ''The Papers of Thomas Jefferson'', vol. 33, ''17 February–30 April 1801'', ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, pp. 189–190.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: VI. To the Senate, 6 January 1802 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-36-02-0183-0007 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> In 1802, he wrote to then-[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[James Madison]] and provided an account of American vessels in port.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: To James Madison from John E. Caldwell, 1 January 1802 (Abstra … |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-02-02-0529 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>“To James Madison from John E. Caldwell, 1 January 1802,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-91-02-0246</nowiki>. [This document from The Papers of James Madison is original to the digital edition. It was added on 9 February 2015.]</ref> Caldwell later moved to New York City.<ref name=":2" />
Caldwell was an early founder of the American Bible Society, and served as its general agent from 1878 until the rest of his life.<ref name=":1" /> In 1816, Caldwell made a founding donation to the society of $10,000. Caldwell was also the founder of the Christian Herald, and he served as editor and publisher of the first five volumes.<ref name=":2" />
In 1809, Caldwell published his first book, ''A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/903688822 |title=A history of Virginia literature |date=2015 |others=Kevin J. Hayes |isbn=978-1-107-05777-7 |location=New York |pages=152 |oclc=903688822}}</ref>
==Death and legacy==
Caldwell died in 1819 aged 50. He is buried at [[Middle Dutch Church]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 1819 |title=John Edwards Caldwell Obituary |work=Rochester Telegraph}}</ref>
His portrait is in the permanent collection of the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Edwards Caldwell |url=https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_S_NPG.74.39.3.46 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=npg.si.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Saint-Mémin |first=Charles B. J. Févret de |title=John Edwards Caldwell, |date=1799 |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.214508.html |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref> The ''John Edwards Caldwell Papers'' are in the permanent collection of the [[Library of Congress]], and his 1809 book ''A Tour through Part of Virginia'' is in the collection of the [[United States National Library of Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=LC Catalog - No Connections Available |url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=mm 78014761&searchType=1&permalink=y |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=catalog.loc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A tour through part of Virginia, in the summer of 1808: in a series of letters, including an account of Harper's Ferry, the Natural Bridge, the new discovery called Weir's Cave, Monticello, and the different medicinal springs, hot and coldbaths, visited by the author - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine |url=https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-2545033R-bk |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=collections.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
==Works==
* ''A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808,'' 1809.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extract from A Tour Through Part of Virginia in the Summer of 1808, by John Edwards Caldwell, 1809
{{Short description|American author and politician}}
{{other people|John Edwards}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = John Edwards Caldwell
| image = John Edwards Caldwell.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Portrait of Caldwell by [[Charles Balthazar Julien Févret de Saint-Mémin]], c. 1799.
| birth_date = February 2, 1769
| birth_place = [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]], [[New Jersey]], [[British America]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1819|3|9|1769|2|2|}}
| death_place = [[Manhattan]], [[New York]], [[United States]]
| nationality =
| other_names =
| spouse = {{marriage|Hannah Wyck|1805}}
| children = 1
| relatives = [[James Caldwell (clergyman)|James Caldwell]] (father)
| occupation =
| years_active =
| known_for = ''A Tour through Part of Virginia''
| notable_works =
| office = [[Consul (representative)|Consular Agent]] for the [[West Indies]] and [[San Domingo]]
| president = [[Thomas Jefferson]]
| term_start = 1801
| term_end = 1803
}}
'''John Edwards Caldwell''' (February 2, 1769{{mdash}}March 9, 1819) was an American author, philanthropist, and politician who co-founded the [[American Bible Society]] and the [[Christian Herald]].
== Early life and family ==
Caldwell was born in 1769, the son of [[James Caldwell (clergyman)|James Caldwell]] and Hannah Ogden.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4...tcover&pg=PA61&dq=John+Edwards+Caldwell&hl=en |title=Lineage Book |date=1922 |publisher=The Society of Daughters of the American Revolution |language=en}}</ref> His father was a Presbyterian minister who played a prominent part in the [[American Revolution]] and was known as the "Fighting Parson".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |year=1913 |title=West Virginia and its people |url=https://archive.org/stream/westvirginiaitsp02mill/westvirginiaitsp02mill_djvu.txt |publisher=New York, Lewis Historical Pub. Co.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of West Caldwell |url=http://www.westcaldwell.com/content/117/default.aspx |publisher=Township of West Caldwell |quote=Caldwell earned the nickname "the Fighting Parson" because of his aid to Washington's men as they battled in various parts of Horseneck.}}</ref> Caldwell's [[Caldwell Parsonage|family home]] was burned by [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]] in 1780.<ref name=":0" />
After his father's murder in 1781, Caldwell was placed under the care of his legal guardian [[Elias Boudinot]], who sent him to live in the home of Rev. [[Alexander MacWhorter]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: 21st. |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0007-0004-0014 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> Caldwell was later adopted by [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]], who took him with his family upon his return to France in 1782.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Memoir of the Rev. James Caldwell, of Elizabethtown |publisher=N.J. Hist. Soc. |year=1848}}</ref> Caldwell was educated in a French boarding school during that period. In 1785, Caldwell and the family of Lafayette dined with [[John Adams]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>“21st.,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/03-01-02-0007-0004-0014</nowiki>. [Original source: ''The Adams Papers'', Diary of John Quincy Adams, vol. 1, ''November 1779 – March 1786'', ed. Robert J. Taylor and Marc Friedlaender. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981, p. 225.]</ref> In 1791, Caldwell returned to America and settled in [[Philadelphia]], where his guardian Boudinot was living.<ref name=":1" />
=== Marriage ===
In 1801, Caldwell married Hanna Wyck, and they had one daughter.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=The Ogden Family in America, Elizabethtown Branch |page=161}}</ref>
== Career ==
In June 1801, Caldwell received a recess appointment by President [[Thomas Jefferson]] as [[Consul (representative)|Consular Agent]] for the West Indies and San Domingo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from John R. Smith, 5 March 1801 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0149 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: III. List of Interim Appointments from the State Department, [ … |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-36-02-0183-0004 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> His appointment was confirmed by the United States Senate in January 1802.<ref>“To Thomas Jefferson from John R. Smith, 5 March 1801,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-33-02-0149</nowiki>. [Original source: ''The Papers of Thomas Jefferson'', vol. 33, ''17 February–30 April 1801'', ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006, pp. 189–190.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: VI. To the Senate, 6 January 1802 |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-36-02-0183-0007 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref> In 1802, he wrote to then-[[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[James Madison]] and provided an account of American vessels in port.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Founders Online: To James Madison from John E. Caldwell, 1 January 1802 (Abstra … |url=http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-02-02-0529 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=founders.archives.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>“To James Madison from John E. Caldwell, 1 January 1802,” ''Founders Online,'' National Archives, <nowiki>https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-91-02-0246</nowiki>. [This document from The Papers of James Madison is original to the digital edition. It was added on 9 February 2015.]</ref> Caldwell later moved to New York City.<ref name=":2" />
Caldwell was an early founder of the American Bible Society, and served as its general agent from 1878 until the rest of his life.<ref name=":1" /> In 1816, Caldwell made a founding donation to the society of $10,000. Caldwell was also the founder of the Christian Herald, and he served as editor and publisher of the first five volumes.<ref name=":2" />
In 1809, Caldwell published his first book, ''A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/903688822 |title=A history of Virginia literature |date=2015 |others=Kevin J. Hayes |isbn=978-1-107-05777-7 |location=New York |pages=152 |oclc=903688822}}</ref>
==Death and legacy==
Caldwell died in 1819 aged 50. He is buried at [[Middle Dutch Church]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 6, 1819 |title=John Edwards Caldwell Obituary |work=Rochester Telegraph}}</ref>
His portrait is in the permanent collection of the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=John Edwards Caldwell |url=https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_S_NPG.74.39.3.46 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=npg.si.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Saint-Mémin |first=Charles B. J. Févret de |title=John Edwards Caldwell, |date=1799 |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.214508.html |access-date=2024-05-02}}</ref> The ''John Edwards Caldwell Papers'' are in the permanent collection of the [[Library of Congress]], and his 1809 book ''A Tour through Part of Virginia'' is in the collection of the [[United States National Library of Medicine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=LC Catalog - No Connections Available |url=https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchCode=LCCN&searchArg=mm 78014761&searchType=1&permalink=y |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=catalog.loc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A tour through part of Virginia, in the summer of 1808: in a series of letters, including an account of Harper's Ferry, the Natural Bridge, the new discovery called Weir's Cave, Monticello, and the different medicinal springs, hot and coldbaths, visited by the author - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine |url=https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-2545033R-bk |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=collections.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
==Works==
* ''A Tour through Part of Virginia, In the Summer of 1808,'' 1809.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Extract from A Tour Through Part of Virginia in the Summer of 1808, by John Edwards Caldwell, 1809
{{!}} Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters |url=https://tjrs.monticello.org/letter/1348 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=tjrs.monticello.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=John Edwards Caldwell {{!}} Jefferson Quotes & Family Letters |url=https://tjrs.monticello.org/tjrs-authors/john-edwards-caldwell |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=tjrs.monticello.org}}</ref>
* ''Some Account of the Islands of the Azores,'' 1809.
* ''Scenes from a Cave Tour,'' 1808.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scenes from a Cave Tour, 1808 with Additional Note - Regency Society of Virginia |url=https://www.varegency.org/content.aspx?page_id=2507&club_id=100461&item_id=2847 |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.varegency.org |language=en}}</ref>
* ''The Christian Herald: Volume I,'' 1816.
* ''The Christian Herald: Volume II,'' 1816''.''
* ''The Christian Herald: Volume III,'' 1817''.''
* ''The Christian Herald: Volume IV,'' 1817.
* ''The Christian Herald: Volume V,'' 1818.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caldwell, John Edwards}}
[[Category:1769 births]]
[[Category:1819 deaths]]
[[Categoryeople from Elizabeth, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Historians of Virginia]]
[[Category:Historians of Colonial North America]]
[[Category:18th-century American writers]]
[[Category:19th-century American writers]]
[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:18th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:American Presbyterians]]
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