Italian destroyer Lanciere (1907)

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Mdnavman: Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at :it:Lanciere (cacciatorpediniere 1907); see its history for attribution.


{{short description|Italian Soldato-class destroyer}}
{{otherships|Italian destroyer Lanciere}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |sclass=2}} <!-- warship classes --><!---->
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image =
| Ship caption =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Lanciere''
|Ship namesake=[[Lancer]], a type of [[cavalry]]man armed with a [[lance]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]], {{nowrap|[[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=24 July 1905
|Ship launched=27 February 1907
|Ship completed=1 August 1907
|Ship commissioned=August 1907
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship identification=
|Ship stricken=4 March 1923
|Ship fate=Scrapped
|Ship motto=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement={{convert|395|-|424|LT|t|abbr=on}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|64.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|wl]]
*{{convert|65.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
|Ship beam={{convert|6.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
*3× Thornycroft boilers
*{{convert|6000|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=in}}
*'''As built:''' {{cvt|95|t}} [[coal]]
*'''Later:''' {{cvt|65|t}} [[fuel oil]]
|Ship speed={{convert|28.5|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=55
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4× [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|76 mm (3 in)/40]] guns
*3× 450 mm (17.7 in) [[torpedo tube]]s
*10 [[Naval mine|mine]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''Lanciere''''' ("[[Lancer]]") was a {{sclass2|Soldato|destroyer|0}} ("Soldier"-class) [[destroyer]] of the Italian ''[[Regia Marina]]'' ("Royal Navy"). Commissioned in 1907, she served in the [[Italo-Turkish War]] and {{nowrap|[[World War I]]}}. She was stricken in 1923.

== Design ==
''Lanciere'' was powered by two sets of [[Compound steam engine|triple expansion steam engines]] fed by three [[Thornycroft]] [[water-tube boiler]]s, producing an estimated {{convert|6,000|ihp|lk=on|0}} and driving two [[propeller]] shafts. As built, she could reach a maximum speed of {{convert|28.5|kn|lk=in}}. Originally, she had a fuel capacity of {{convert|95|t|LT|lk=on}} of [[coal]], giving her a range of {{convert|1,500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|12|kn}} and {{convert|400|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|23.5|kn}}; she later was converted to burn [[fuel oil]], with a fuel capacity of {{convert|65|t|LT|lk=on}} of oil. She was fitted with four [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|{{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on}}/40 calibre]] guns and three {{convert|450|mm|in|1|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1970|p=67}}<ref name="navypedia">[http://www.navypedia.org/ships/italy/it_dd_artigliere.htm Soldati type 1st group destroyers (Artigliere, 1907 - 1910) - Regia Marina (Italy)<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>

==Construction and commissioning==
''Lanciere'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] on 24&nbsp;July&nbsp;1905 at the [[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]] [[shipyard]] in [[Genoa]], Italy. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 27&nbsp;February&nbsp;1907 and completed on 1&nbsp;August&nbsp;1907.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}} She was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] in August&nbsp;1907.

==Service history==
===1907–1911===
[[1908 Messina earthquake|A devastating earthquake]] in the [[Strait of Messina]] and subsequent [[tsunami]] struck [[Messina]], [[Sicily]], and [[Reggio Calabria]] on the Italian mainland on 28&nbsp;December&nbsp;1908. On 2&nbsp;January&nbsp;1909 ''Lanciere'' and the [[auxiliary ship]]s ''Atlante'', ''Olimpia'', ''Orfeo'', and ''Verde'' arrived at Messina to assist in rescue operations.<ref>[http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=22822&st=100 Beaasom forum]</ref><ref>[http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=22822&st=250 Betasom fourm].</ref>

===Italo-Turkish War===
The [[Italo-Turkish War]] began on 29&nbsp;September&nbsp;1911 with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]′s [[declaration of war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the time, ''Lanciere'' was part of the 2nd [[Squadron (naval)|Squadron]]'s 4th Destroyer [[Division (naval)|Division]] along with her [[sister ship]]s {{ship|Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1906|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Granatiere|1906|2}}.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=10}} By 30&nbsp;September&nbsp;1911, she was participating along with ''Bersagliere'', ''Garibaldino'', the [[battleship]]s {{ship|Italian battleship|Napoli||2}} and {{ship|Italian battleship|Roma|1907|2}}, the [[armored cruiser]]s {{ship|Italian cruiser|Francesco Ferruccio||2}}, {{ship|Italian cruiser|Giuseppe Garibaldi|1899|2}}, and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Varese||2}}, the [[torpedo cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Coatit||2}}, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Euro|1900|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Freccia|1899|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ostro|1901|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Strale|1900|2}} in a [[blockade]] of Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thepostalgazette.com/issues/16/G_I_T_Inizio.pdf |format=pdf|title=L'inizio delle ostilità |language=it|date=March 2008}}</ref>

On 5&nbsp;May&nbsp;1912 ''Lanciere'', ''Coatit'', and the [[auxiliary cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Duca di Genova||2}} went on patrol in the [[Aegean Sea]] between [[Bodrum]] and [[Smyrna]] on the coast of [[Anatolia]] to prevent Ottoman [[torpedo boat]]s based at Bodrum from attempting an attack to hinder the [[Battle of Rhodes (1912)|Italian invasion]] of [[Rhodes]]. After noting a lack of activity by Ottoman forces at Bodrum, the Italian ships returned to Rhodes.<ref name="dodecaneso.org">[http://www.dodecaneso.org/1912.htm Dodecaneso 1912<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521125444/http://www.dodecaneso.org/1912.htm |date=21 May 2011 }} (in Italian).</ref>. On the morning of 17&nbsp;May&nbsp;1912, ''Lanciere'' and the [[battleship]] {{ship|Italian battleship|Emanuele Filiberto||2}} supported the advance of Italian troops in the [[Psithos]] valley on Rhodes, where the last Ottoman troops remaining on the island had barricaded themselves.<ref name="dodecaneso.org"/> The war ended on 18&nbsp;October&nbsp;1912 in an Italian victory.

===World War I===
====1915====
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and Italy entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915. At the time, ''Lanciere'', under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Comolli, was part of the 3rd [[Destroyer squadron|Destroyer Squadron]], based at [[Brindisi]], which also included ''Bersagliere'', ''Garibaldino'', and their sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1907|2}} and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Corazziere|1909|2}}.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 97–98.}} On 24&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915, the day after Italy's declaration of war, ''Lanciere'', ''Garibaldino'', and their sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alpino|1909|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Carabiniere|1909|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Fuciliere|1909|2}} conducted a patrol in the upper [[Adriatic Sea]].{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 97–98.}}

On 29&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915 ''Lanciere'', ''Artigliere'', ''Bersagliere'', and ''Garibaldino'' bombarded the Adria Werke [[chemical plant]] in [[Monfalcone]], a production site for [[Chemical weapons in World War I|poison gases]], while ''Alpino'', ''Corazziere'', and their sister ship {{ship|Italian destroyer|Pontiere||2}} provided support.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 97–98.}} The ships carried out another bombardment of the Adria Werke on 7 June 1915.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 97–98.}}

As the war continued, ''Lanciere'' also engaged in escort operations. On 8&nbsp;January&nbsp;1918 she escorted the large [[Passenger ship|passenger]] [[Steamship|steamers]] {{SS|San Giovanni|1907|2}} and {{SS|San Guglielmo|1911|2}} as they left [[Genoa]], Italy, bound for [[New York City]]. The [[convoy]] had instructions to hug the Italian coast. ''Bersagliere'' took over the escort from ''Lanciere'' off [[Savona]]. Shortly thereafter, the [[Imperial German Navy]] [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-63||2}} attacked the convoy, [[torpedo]]ing and sinking ''San Guglielmo'' in the [[Gulf of Genoa]] {{convert|800|m|yd|sigfig=2}} off [[Loano]] at {{coord|44|07|N|008|18|E|name=SS ''San Guglielmo}}.<ref>[http://www.cstigullio.com/guglielmo.shtml Centro Sub Tigullio<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101031130958/http://www.cstigullio.com/guglielmo.shtml |date=31 October 2010 }} (in Italian).</ref><ref>[https://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5402.html Passenger steamer San Guglielmo - Ships hit by U-boats - German and Austrian U-boats of World War One - Kaiserliche Marine - uboat.net<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>.

By late October&nbsp;1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], signed on 3&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918, went into effect on 4&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Allies to an end. World War I ended a week later with an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] between the Allies and the [[German Empire]] on 11&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918.

===Post-World War I===
After World War I, ''Lanciere'' was reclassified as a torpedo boat on 1&nbsp;July&nbsp;1921. She was [[Ship decommissioning|decommissioned]] in 1923, stricken from the [[naval register]] on 4&nbsp;March&nbsp;1923,{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=286}} and subsequently scrapped.

== References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=W. H.|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofitalian00beehiala/historyofitalian00beehiala.pdf |year=1913|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=William H. Beehler}} (reprinted from ''[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]]'' of the [[United States Naval Institute]] with additions)
* {{cite book
|first=Franco
|last=Favre
|title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
|trans-title=
|language=it
|ref={{sfnref|Favre}}
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|title=Italian Warships of World War I|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1970|page=67|isbn=0711001057}}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|chapter=Italy|pages=252–290|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8}}

{{Soldato class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lanciere (1907)}}
[[Category:Soldato-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Genoa]]
[[Category:1907 ships]]
[[Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]

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