Mdnavman: New article. This edit includes content translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at :it:Corazziere (cacciatorpediniere 1910); see its history for attribution.
{{short description|Italian Soldato-class destroyer}}
{{otherships|Italian destroyer Corazziere}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |sclass=2}} <!-- warship classes --><!---->
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image =
| Ship caption =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Corazziere''
|Ship namesake=[[Cuirassier]], a [[Cavalry|cavalryman]] equipped with a [[cuirass]], [[sword]], and [[pistol]]s
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]], {{nowrap|[[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=23 October 1905
|Ship launched=11 December 1909
|Ship completed=16 May 1910
|Ship commissioned=1910
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship identification=
|Ship stricken=1 June 1928
|Ship fate=Scrapped
|Ship motto=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement={{convert|395|-|424|LT|t|abbr=on}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|64.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|wl]]
*{{convert|65.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
|Ship beam={{convert|6.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
*3× Thornycroft boilers
*{{convert|6000|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=in}}
*'''As built:''' {{cvt|95|t}} [[coal]]
*'''Later:''' {{cvt|65|t}} [[fuel oil]]
|Ship speed={{convert|28.5|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=55
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4× [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|76 mm (3 in)/40]] guns
*3× 450 mm (17.7 in) [[torpedo tube]]s
*10 [[Naval mine|mine]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Corazziere''''' ("[[Cuirassier]]") was a {{sclass2|Soldato|destroyer|0}} ("Soldier"-class) [[destroyer]] of the Italian ''[[Regia Marina]]'' (Royal Navy). Commissioned in 1910, she served in the [[Italo-Turkish War]] and {{nowrap|[[World War I]]}}. She was stricken in 1928.
== Design ==
''Corazziere'' was powered by two sets of [[Compound steam engine|triple expansion steam engines]] fed by three [[Thornycroft]] [[water-tube boiler]]s, producing an estimated {{convert|6,000|ihp|lk=on|0}} and driving two [[propeller]] shafts. As built, she could reach a maximum speed of {{convert|28.5|kn|lk=in}}. Originally, she had a fuel capacity of {{convert|95|t|LT|lk=on}} of [[coal]], giving her a range of {{convert|1,500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|12|kn}} and {{convert|400|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|23.5|kn}}; she later was converted to burn [[fuel oil]], with a fuel capacity of {{convert|65|t|LT|lk=on}} of oil. She was fitted with four [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|{{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on}}/40 calibre]] guns and three {{convert|450|mm|in|1|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1970|p=67}}<ref name="Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/ABCD/corazziere1.aspx Marina Militare<!-- Title generated automatically --> (in Italian)].</ref><ref name="navypedia">[http://www.navypedia.org/ships/italy/it_dd_artigliere.htm Soldati type 1st group destroyers (Artigliere, 1907 - 1910) - Regia Marina (Italy)<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>
==Construction and commissioning==
''Corazziere'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] on 23 October 1905 at the [[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]] [[shipyard]] in [[Genoa]], Italy. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 11 December 1909 and completed on 16 May 1910.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}} She was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 1910.
==Service history==
===Italo-Turkish War===
The [[Italo-Turkish War]] began on 29 September 1911 with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]′s [[declaration of war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the time, ''Corazziere'' was in reserve at [[Taranto]]{{sfn|Beehler|1913|pp=9–10}}. One of the first clashes of the war, the [[Battle of Preveza (1911)|Battle of Preveza]], began on the afternoon of 29 September, when a force of Italian ships engaged Ottoman [[torpedo boat]]s off what was then the [[Ionian Sea]] of the Ottoman Empire.
''Corazziere'' joined the battle on its second day when, according to some sources, she was operating off [[Igoumenitsa]] with other Italian ships on the morning of 30 September 1911 and the Italians sighted a force of Ottoman torpedo boats leaving the port of [[Preveza]]. When they reported the sighting to higher command, they received orders to let the torpedo boats move away from the coast and then, taking advantage of the greater speed of the Italian ships, close with them and sink them.<ref name="rassegnastampa">{{Cite web|url=http://rassegnastampa.difesa.it/110802/12RG1V.pdf |title=rassegnastampa.difesa.it |date=February 2018 }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> The Italian ships managed to surround the torpedo boats, which at that point attempted to escape at full steam towards the south instead of heading back toward Preveza.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/> The Italians found this suspicious, and while ''Corazziere'' and her [[sister ship]] {{ship|Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1907|2}} pursued the torpedo boats, the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alpino|1909|2}} steamed north to conduct a [[reconnaissance]] of the approaches to Preveza, where she discovered [[Steamship|steamers]] attempting to reach Prevenza while the Ottoman torpedo boats distracted the Italian ships, and she seized one of the steamers.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/><ref name=betasom>[http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=18278 La Guerra Italo Turca - Betasom - XI Gruppo Sommergibili Atlantici<!-- Title generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref> Meanwhile, ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' closed with the Ottoman torpedo boats, which opened fire ineffectively. ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' returned fire, reducing the torpedo boats {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Alpagot||2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505789|title=TDT Alpagot - Warships 1900-1950|language=cs, en|access-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/2013010616153...splus.php?language=E&id=505789|archive-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> and {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Hamidiye||2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505786|title=Hamidiye - Warships 1900-1950|language=cs, en|access-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/2012091722424...plus.php?language=E&id=505786|archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> to wrecks and inducing an [[Magazine (artillery)|ammuniton magazine]] explosion aboard one of them. The two torpedo boats struggled back to port and sank there, and the two Italian destroyers rescued some members of their crews.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/> Those members of their crews who reached a nearby beach opened [[rifle]] fire on the two Italian destroyers,<ref name=betasom/> which returned fire and silenced them. Other Ottoman torpedo boats that had been operating with ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' returned safely to port. Meanwhile, ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' captured the [[armed yacht]] ''Teties'' (referred to as "''Thetis''" or "''Tarabulus''" in some sources); the yacht later was incorporated into the ''Regia Marina'' as the [[gunboat]] ''Capitano Verri''.<ref name=betasom/><ref name="anmi Taranto">[http://www.anmi.taranto.it/filatelia/verri_cunfida/verri_cunfida.htm anmi taranto<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2010121....it/filatelia/verri_cunfida/verri_cunfida.htm |date=10 December 2010 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.sullacrestadellonda.it/navi/navindex.htm Navi idrografiche - Italian hydrographic ships<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703033941/http://www.sullacrestadellonda.it/navi/navindex.htm |date=3 July 2014 }}.</ref>
In a 1912 magazine article<ref name=beehlerproceedings>{{cite magazine |last=Beehler |first=W. H. |date=June 1912 |title=The Italian-Turkish War |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1912/june/italian-turkish-war |magazine=[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]] |location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] |volume=38/2/142}}</ref> and a 1913 book{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} based on contemporary sources, [[United States Navy]] [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] W. H. Beehler offers a different version of the events of 30 September 1911. He states that an [[Commissioned officer|officer]] from ''Corazziere'' went ashore at Prevenza on the evening of 29 September 1911 and ascertained the positions at which ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' were [[anchor]]ed, which he reported to ''Capitano di fregata'' ([[Frigate captain|Frigate Captain]]) [[Guido Biscaretti di Ruffia]], the [[commanding officer]] of ''Artigliere'' and a future ''ammiraglio di squadra'' ([[squadron admiral]]). ''Artigliere'' and ''Corazziere'' penetrated the harbor on the morning of 30 September, where they sank ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' with gunfire while they were at anchor; all but one man from the two torpedo boats' crews escaped to shore.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} ''Corazziere'' then made preparations to [[Towing|tow]] the armed yacht "''Telied''" away as a [[Prize (law)|prize]], and a "mob" on shore opened fire on her. She returned fire, silencing the mob and damaging the fort at Prevenza, which did not fire during the battle. The two destroyers then put back to sea with the yacht in tow, having fired 76 [[Shell (projectile)|shells]] in an engagement lasting 45 minutes.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}}
The historian Charles Stephenson offers yet another version of events. According to him, the Italians decided not to attempt an incursion into the harbor at Preveza to attack the Ottoman torpedo boat {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Antalya||2}}, which had reached that port at the end of the first day of the battle on 29 September,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505791 |title=TDT Antalya - Warships 1900-1950<!-- Title generated automatically -->] |date=November 2017 }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> and instead proceeded to the waters off [[Igoumenitsa]],{{efn|Beehler states that the incident took place at Prevesa, not Igoumenitsa,{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} which is contradicted by Stephenson and as well as Bernd Langensiepen and Ahmet Güleryüz, who agree that it took place at Igoumenitsa.{{sfn|Stephenson|p=54}}{{sfn|Langensiepen |Güleryüz|1995|p=15}} That Beehler makes no mention of ''Antalya'' in the engagement of 30 September 1911 suggests he is incorrect.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}}}} where ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' were anchored in the harbor. ''Corazziere'', ''Alpino'', and ''Artigliere'' then penetrated the harbor at Igoumenitsa on the morning of 30 September, where ''Artigliere'' and ''Corazziere'' sank ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' with gunfire while they still were at anchor. Meanwhile, ''Alpino'' came alongside the armed yacht "''Trablus''," whose [[boiler]]s were under repair. The yacht's crew opened her [[seacock]]s in an attempt to [[Scuttling|scuttle]] her and abandoned ship. ''Alpino'' sent a boarding party aboard the yacht and closed the seacocks to prevent her from sinking. The ''Alpino'' crewmen were cutting the yacht's mooring lines when civilians on shore opened fire on the boarding party, prompting ''Corazziere'' to bombard the town, silencing the civilian gunfire and damaging the fort at Igoumenitsa, which did not fire during the battle. ''Alpino'' then towed the yacht out of port.{{sfn|Stephenson|p=54}}{{sfn|Langensiepen| Güleryüz|1995|p=15}}
The war ended on 18 October 1912 in an Italian victory.
===World War I===
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and Italy entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23 May 1915. At the time, ''Artigliere'', under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Failla, was part of the 3rd [[Destroyer squadron|Destroyer Squadron]], based at [[Brindisi]], which also included ''Artigliere'' and their sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1906|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Lanciere|1907|2}}.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}} In the predawn hours of 24 May 1915, ''Corazziere'' and ''Bersagliere'' entered the waters off [[Grado, Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Grado]] to support the [[raid on Porto Buso]], an incursion by the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Zeffiro|1904|2}} against the Austro-Hungarian border outpost on the island of Porto Buso in the Grado Lagoon, a part of the larger [[Marano Lagoon]]. While ''Zeffiro'' attacked the island, ''Corazziere'' and ''Bersagliere'' guarded against interference by [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] ships and bombarded Austro-Hungarian positions.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
On 29 May 1915 ''Artigliere'', ''Bersagliere'', ''Garibaldino'', and ''Lanciere'' bombarded the Adria Werke [[chemical plant]] in [[Monfalcone]], a production site for [[Chemical weapons in World War I|poison gases]], while ''Corazziere'', ''Alpino'', and their sister ship {{ship|Italian destroyer|Pontiere||2}} provided support.
{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}} The ships carried out another bombardment of the Adria Werke on 7 June 1915.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
On 23 February 1916, under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' (Corvette Captain) Bernotti, ''Corazziere'' joined ''Bersagliere'' and ''Garibaldino'' in escorting 12 steamers and two [[Tugboat|tugs]] to [[Durrës]] (known to the Italians as Durazzo) on the coast of the [[Principality of Albania]].{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
''Corazziere'' continued her World War I service without participating in any other significant events. By late October 1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], signed on 3 November 1918, went into effect on 4 November 1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Allies to an end. World War I ended a week later with an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] between the Allies and the [[German Empire]] on 11 November 1918.
===Post-World War I===
''Corazziere'' was reclassified as a torpedo boat on 1 July 1921. She was stricken from the [[naval register]] on 1 June 1928{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=286}}<ref name="Marina Militare"/> and subsequently scrapped.
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=W. H.|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofitalian00beehiala/historyofitalian00beehiala.pdf |year=1913|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=William H. Beehler}} (reprinted from ''[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]]'' of the [[United States Naval Institute]] with additions)
* {{cite book
|first=Franco
|last=Favre
|title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
|trans-title=
|language=it
|ref={{sfnref|Favre}}
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|title=Italian Warships of World War I|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1970|page=67|isbn=0711001057}}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|chapter=Italy|pages=252–290|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Langensiepen|first1=Bernd|last2=Güleryüz|first2=Ahmet|year=1995|title=The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-85177-610-1|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book
|last=Stephenson
|first=Charles
|title=A Box of Sand: The Italo-Ottoman War 1911–1912
|location=Ticehurst
|publisher=Tattered Flag Press
|year=2014
|isbn=978-0-9576892-2-0
|ref={{sfnref|Stephenson}}
}}
{{Soldato class destroyer}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Corazziere (1909)}}
[[Category:Soldato-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Genoa]]
[[Category:1909 ships]]
[[Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{short description|Italian Soldato-class destroyer}}
{{otherships|Italian destroyer Corazziere}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |sclass=2}} <!-- warship classes --><!---->
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image =
| Ship caption =
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Corazziere''
|Ship namesake=[[Cuirassier]], a [[Cavalry|cavalryman]] equipped with a [[cuirass]], [[sword]], and [[pistol]]s
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]], {{nowrap|[[Genoa]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=23 October 1905
|Ship launched=11 December 1909
|Ship completed=16 May 1910
|Ship commissioned=1910
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship christened=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship identification=
|Ship stricken=1 June 1928
|Ship fate=Scrapped
|Ship motto=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}
|Ship type=
|Ship displacement={{convert|395|-|424|LT|t|abbr=on}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|64.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[Waterline length|wl]]
*{{convert|65.0|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[length overall|oa]]
|Ship beam={{convert|6.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|2.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|Vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
*3× Thornycroft boilers
*{{convert|6000|ihp|kW|0|abbr=on|lk=in}}
*'''As built:''' {{cvt|95|t}} [[coal]]
*'''Later:''' {{cvt|65|t}} [[fuel oil]]
|Ship speed={{convert|28.5|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=55
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*4× [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|76 mm (3 in)/40]] guns
*3× 450 mm (17.7 in) [[torpedo tube]]s
*10 [[Naval mine|mine]]s
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Corazziere''''' ("[[Cuirassier]]") was a {{sclass2|Soldato|destroyer|0}} ("Soldier"-class) [[destroyer]] of the Italian ''[[Regia Marina]]'' (Royal Navy). Commissioned in 1910, she served in the [[Italo-Turkish War]] and {{nowrap|[[World War I]]}}. She was stricken in 1928.
== Design ==
''Corazziere'' was powered by two sets of [[Compound steam engine|triple expansion steam engines]] fed by three [[Thornycroft]] [[water-tube boiler]]s, producing an estimated {{convert|6,000|ihp|lk=on|0}} and driving two [[propeller]] shafts. As built, she could reach a maximum speed of {{convert|28.5|kn|lk=in}}. Originally, she had a fuel capacity of {{convert|95|t|LT|lk=on}} of [[coal]], giving her a range of {{convert|1,500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|12|kn}} and {{convert|400|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|23.5|kn}}; she later was converted to burn [[fuel oil]], with a fuel capacity of {{convert|65|t|LT|lk=on}} of oil. She was fitted with four [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|{{convert|76|mm|in|0|adj=on}}/40 calibre]] guns and three {{convert|450|mm|in|1|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}}{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1970|p=67}}<ref name="Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/noi-siamo-la-marina/mezzi/mezzi-storici/Pagine/ABCD/corazziere1.aspx Marina Militare<!-- Title generated automatically --> (in Italian)].</ref><ref name="navypedia">[http://www.navypedia.org/ships/italy/it_dd_artigliere.htm Soldati type 1st group destroyers (Artigliere, 1907 - 1910) - Regia Marina (Italy)<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>
==Construction and commissioning==
''Corazziere'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] on 23 October 1905 at the [[Gio. Ansaldo & C.]] [[shipyard]] in [[Genoa]], Italy. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 11 December 1909 and completed on 16 May 1910.{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=268}} She was [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 1910.
==Service history==
===Italo-Turkish War===
The [[Italo-Turkish War]] began on 29 September 1911 with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]′s [[declaration of war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]]. At the time, ''Corazziere'' was in reserve at [[Taranto]]{{sfn|Beehler|1913|pp=9–10}}. One of the first clashes of the war, the [[Battle of Preveza (1911)|Battle of Preveza]], began on the afternoon of 29 September, when a force of Italian ships engaged Ottoman [[torpedo boat]]s off what was then the [[Ionian Sea]] of the Ottoman Empire.
''Corazziere'' joined the battle on its second day when, according to some sources, she was operating off [[Igoumenitsa]] with other Italian ships on the morning of 30 September 1911 and the Italians sighted a force of Ottoman torpedo boats leaving the port of [[Preveza]]. When they reported the sighting to higher command, they received orders to let the torpedo boats move away from the coast and then, taking advantage of the greater speed of the Italian ships, close with them and sink them.<ref name="rassegnastampa">{{Cite web|url=http://rassegnastampa.difesa.it/110802/12RG1V.pdf |title=rassegnastampa.difesa.it |date=February 2018 }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> The Italian ships managed to surround the torpedo boats, which at that point attempted to escape at full steam towards the south instead of heading back toward Preveza.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/> The Italians found this suspicious, and while ''Corazziere'' and her [[sister ship]] {{ship|Italian destroyer|Artigliere|1907|2}} pursued the torpedo boats, the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Alpino|1909|2}} steamed north to conduct a [[reconnaissance]] of the approaches to Preveza, where she discovered [[Steamship|steamers]] attempting to reach Prevenza while the Ottoman torpedo boats distracted the Italian ships, and she seized one of the steamers.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/><ref name=betasom>[http://www.betasom.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=18278 La Guerra Italo Turca - Betasom - XI Gruppo Sommergibili Atlantici<!-- Title generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref> Meanwhile, ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' closed with the Ottoman torpedo boats, which opened fire ineffectively. ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' returned fire, reducing the torpedo boats {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Alpagot||2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505789|title=TDT Alpagot - Warships 1900-1950|language=cs, en|access-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/2013010616153...splus.php?language=E&id=505789|archive-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> and {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Hamidiye||2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505786|title=Hamidiye - Warships 1900-1950|language=cs, en|access-date=15 November 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/2012091722424...plus.php?language=E&id=505786|archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> to wrecks and inducing an [[Magazine (artillery)|ammuniton magazine]] explosion aboard one of them. The two torpedo boats struggled back to port and sank there, and the two Italian destroyers rescued some members of their crews.<ref name="rassegnastampa"/> Those members of their crews who reached a nearby beach opened [[rifle]] fire on the two Italian destroyers,<ref name=betasom/> which returned fire and silenced them. Other Ottoman torpedo boats that had been operating with ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' returned safely to port. Meanwhile, ''Corazziere'' and ''Artigliere'' captured the [[armed yacht]] ''Teties'' (referred to as "''Thetis''" or "''Tarabulus''" in some sources); the yacht later was incorporated into the ''Regia Marina'' as the [[gunboat]] ''Capitano Verri''.<ref name=betasom/><ref name="anmi Taranto">[http://www.anmi.taranto.it/filatelia/verri_cunfida/verri_cunfida.htm anmi taranto<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2010121....it/filatelia/verri_cunfida/verri_cunfida.htm |date=10 December 2010 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.sullacrestadellonda.it/navi/navindex.htm Navi idrografiche - Italian hydrographic ships<!-- Title generated automatically -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703033941/http://www.sullacrestadellonda.it/navi/navindex.htm |date=3 July 2014 }}.</ref>
In a 1912 magazine article<ref name=beehlerproceedings>{{cite magazine |last=Beehler |first=W. H. |date=June 1912 |title=The Italian-Turkish War |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1912/june/italian-turkish-war |magazine=[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]] |location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]] |volume=38/2/142}}</ref> and a 1913 book{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} based on contemporary sources, [[United States Navy]] [[Commodore (United States)|Commodore]] W. H. Beehler offers a different version of the events of 30 September 1911. He states that an [[Commissioned officer|officer]] from ''Corazziere'' went ashore at Prevenza on the evening of 29 September 1911 and ascertained the positions at which ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' were [[anchor]]ed, which he reported to ''Capitano di fregata'' ([[Frigate captain|Frigate Captain]]) [[Guido Biscaretti di Ruffia]], the [[commanding officer]] of ''Artigliere'' and a future ''ammiraglio di squadra'' ([[squadron admiral]]). ''Artigliere'' and ''Corazziere'' penetrated the harbor on the morning of 30 September, where they sank ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' with gunfire while they were at anchor; all but one man from the two torpedo boats' crews escaped to shore.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} ''Corazziere'' then made preparations to [[Towing|tow]] the armed yacht "''Telied''" away as a [[Prize (law)|prize]], and a "mob" on shore opened fire on her. She returned fire, silencing the mob and damaging the fort at Prevenza, which did not fire during the battle. The two destroyers then put back to sea with the yacht in tow, having fired 76 [[Shell (projectile)|shells]] in an engagement lasting 45 minutes.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}}
The historian Charles Stephenson offers yet another version of events. According to him, the Italians decided not to attempt an incursion into the harbor at Preveza to attack the Ottoman torpedo boat {{ship|Ottoman torpedo boat|Antalya||2}}, which had reached that port at the end of the first day of the battle on 29 September,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warshipsww2.eu/shipsplus.php?language=E&id=505791 |title=TDT Antalya - Warships 1900-1950<!-- Title generated automatically -->] |date=November 2017 }} InternetArchiveBot.</ref> and instead proceeded to the waters off [[Igoumenitsa]],{{efn|Beehler states that the incident took place at Prevesa, not Igoumenitsa,{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}} which is contradicted by Stephenson and as well as Bernd Langensiepen and Ahmet Güleryüz, who agree that it took place at Igoumenitsa.{{sfn|Stephenson|p=54}}{{sfn|Langensiepen |Güleryüz|1995|p=15}} That Beehler makes no mention of ''Antalya'' in the engagement of 30 September 1911 suggests he is incorrect.{{sfn|Beehler|1913|p=22}}}} where ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' were anchored in the harbor. ''Corazziere'', ''Alpino'', and ''Artigliere'' then penetrated the harbor at Igoumenitsa on the morning of 30 September, where ''Artigliere'' and ''Corazziere'' sank ''Alpagot'' and ''Hamidiye'' with gunfire while they still were at anchor. Meanwhile, ''Alpino'' came alongside the armed yacht "''Trablus''," whose [[boiler]]s were under repair. The yacht's crew opened her [[seacock]]s in an attempt to [[Scuttling|scuttle]] her and abandoned ship. ''Alpino'' sent a boarding party aboard the yacht and closed the seacocks to prevent her from sinking. The ''Alpino'' crewmen were cutting the yacht's mooring lines when civilians on shore opened fire on the boarding party, prompting ''Corazziere'' to bombard the town, silencing the civilian gunfire and damaging the fort at Igoumenitsa, which did not fire during the battle. ''Alpino'' then towed the yacht out of port.{{sfn|Stephenson|p=54}}{{sfn|Langensiepen| Güleryüz|1995|p=15}}
The war ended on 18 October 1912 in an Italian victory.
===World War I===
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and Italy entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23 May 1915. At the time, ''Artigliere'', under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Failla, was part of the 3rd [[Destroyer squadron|Destroyer Squadron]], based at [[Brindisi]], which also included ''Artigliere'' and their sister ships {{ship|Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1906|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Garibaldino||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Lanciere|1907|2}}.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}} In the predawn hours of 24 May 1915, ''Corazziere'' and ''Bersagliere'' entered the waters off [[Grado, Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Grado]] to support the [[raid on Porto Buso]], an incursion by the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Zeffiro|1904|2}} against the Austro-Hungarian border outpost on the island of Porto Buso in the Grado Lagoon, a part of the larger [[Marano Lagoon]]. While ''Zeffiro'' attacked the island, ''Corazziere'' and ''Bersagliere'' guarded against interference by [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] ships and bombarded Austro-Hungarian positions.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
On 29 May 1915 ''Artigliere'', ''Bersagliere'', ''Garibaldino'', and ''Lanciere'' bombarded the Adria Werke [[chemical plant]] in [[Monfalcone]], a production site for [[Chemical weapons in World War I|poison gases]], while ''Corazziere'', ''Alpino'', and their sister ship {{ship|Italian destroyer|Pontiere||2}} provided support.
{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}} The ships carried out another bombardment of the Adria Werke on 7 June 1915.{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
On 23 February 1916, under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' (Corvette Captain) Bernotti, ''Corazziere'' joined ''Bersagliere'' and ''Garibaldino'' in escorting 12 steamers and two [[Tugboat|tugs]] to [[Durrës]] (known to the Italians as Durazzo) on the coast of the [[Principality of Albania]].{{sfn|Favre|pp=67, 70, 98, 172.}}
''Corazziere'' continued her World War I service without participating in any other significant events. By late October 1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], signed on 3 November 1918, went into effect on 4 November 1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Allies to an end. World War I ended a week later with an [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] between the Allies and the [[German Empire]] on 11 November 1918.
===Post-World War I===
''Corazziere'' was reclassified as a torpedo boat on 1 July 1921. She was stricken from the [[naval register]] on 1 June 1928{{sfn|Fraccaroli|1985|p=286}}<ref name="Marina Militare"/> and subsequently scrapped.
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
== References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Beehler|first=W. H.|title=The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911 to October 18, 1912|url=https://archive.org/download/historyofitalian00beehiala/historyofitalian00beehiala.pdf |year=1913|location=Annapolis, Maryland |publisher=William H. Beehler}} (reprinted from ''[[Proceedings (magazine)|Proceedings]]'' of the [[United States Naval Institute]] with additions)
* {{cite book
|first=Franco
|last=Favre
|title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
|trans-title=
|language=it
|ref={{sfnref|Favre}}
}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|title=Italian Warships of World War I|publisher=Ian Allan|year=1970|page=67|isbn=0711001057}}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|chapter=Italy|pages=252–290|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8}}
* {{cite book|last1=Langensiepen|first1=Bernd|last2=Güleryüz|first2=Ahmet|year=1995|title=The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-85177-610-1|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book
|last=Stephenson
|first=Charles
|title=A Box of Sand: The Italo-Ottoman War 1911–1912
|location=Ticehurst
|publisher=Tattered Flag Press
|year=2014
|isbn=978-0-9576892-2-0
|ref={{sfnref|Stephenson}}
}}
{{Soldato class destroyer}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Corazziere (1909)}}
[[Category:Soldato-class destroyers]]
[[Category:Ships built in Genoa]]
[[Category:1909 ships]]
[[Category:Italo-Turkish War naval ships of Italy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]
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