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[[File:Schematic_Diagram_of_the_Integrated_Aqua-Vegeculture_System.jpg|thumb]]
The Integrated Aqua-Vegeculture System (iAVs) is a food production method that combines [[aquaculture]] and [[horticulture]] within a closed system. It was developed in the 1980s by Dr. Mark McMurtry and colleagues at [[North Carolina State University]] including Professor Doug Sanders, Paul V. Nelson and Merle Jensen. This system is one of the earliest instances of a closed-loop [[Aquaponics|aquaponic]] system<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Kirsten |date=2014-01-19 |title=Aquaponics: A Brief History of This Integrated Fish & Veggies System |url=https://www.milkwood.net/2014/01/20/aquaponics-a-brief-history/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Milkwood: permaculture courses, skills + stories |language=en-US}}</ref>. Many of the modern developments and discoveries of aquaponics are generally attributed to the New Alchemy Institute and North Carolina State University<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okomoda |first=Victor Tosin |last2=Oladimeji |first2=Sunday Abraham |last3=Solomon |first3=Shola Gabriel |last4=Olufeagba |first4=Samuel Olabode |last5=Ogah |first5=Samuel Ijabo |last6=Ikhwanuddin |first6=Mhd |date=2022-12-18 |title=Aquaponics production system: A review of historical perspective, opportunities, and challenges of its adoption |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002891/ |journal=Food Science & Nutrition |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=1157–1165 |doi=10.1002/fsn3.3154 |issn=2048-7177 |pmid=36911833}}</ref>.
In an iAVs, fish are raised in tanks, and the nutrient-rich water from these tanks is used to irrigate and fertilize grow beds filled with plants that take up the nutrients, purifying the water, which is then recirculated back to the fish tanks. The system uses sand-based grow beds<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eck |first=M. |last2=Massart |first2=S. |last3=Jijakli |first3=M.H. |date=2020-03 |title=Study of a bacterial community in the aquaponic closed-loop system of Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1273.17 |journal=Acta Horticulturae |issue=1273 |pages=123–128 |doi=10.17660/actahortic.2020.1273.17 |issn=0567-7572}}</ref> to perform multiple functions, including plant support, biofiltration, particulate removal, and nutrient delivery to plants, without the need for separate biofilters. This multi-functional use of sand beds contributes to the relative simplicity of the iAVs design compared to other aquaponic systems.
In previous integrated fish-vegetable systems, fish effluent and suspended solids were removed from water through sedimentation before being applied to plants which resulted in insufficient residual nutrients for good plant growth<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=Mark |last2=Sanders |first2=Doug |last3=Hanings |first3=Blanche |last4=Amand |first4=Paul |date=1994 |title=Food Value, Water Use Efficiency, and Economic Productivity of an Integrated
Aquaculture-Olericulture System as Influenced by Tank to Biofilter Ratio |url=https://garydonaldson.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/94-HortTech-Text-v.2.3.pdf |journal=}}</ref>, compared to iAVs, which extracts fish effluent, including solids, from the bottom of the fish tanks at regular intervals up to eight times daily, from dawn to sunset. The effluent is then pumped directly onto the surface of the sand beds, which serve as both biological and mechanical filtration<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=M. R. |last2=Sanders |first2=D. C. |last3=Cure |first3=J. D. |last4=Hodson |first4=R. G. |last5=Haning |first5=B. C. |last6=Amand |first6=E. C. St. |date=1997-12 |title=Efficiency of Water Use of an Integrated Fish/Vegetable Co‐Culture System |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00290.x |journal=Journal of the World Aquaculture Society |language=en |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=420–428 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00290.x |issn=0893-8849}}</ref>.
In traditional recirculatory aquaculture, carbonate inputs have been used to neutralize the acidification resulting from [[nitrification]]. However, researchers found that alkaline amendment was unnecessary when the nitrogen input rate approximated the nitrogen assimilation rates in the iAVs<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=Mark |last2=Hodson |first2=Ronald |last3=Sanders |first3=Doug |date=1994 |title=Water Quality Maintenance and Mineral Assimilation by
Plants Influence Growth of Hybrid Tilapia in Culture with
Vegetable Crops1 |url=https://garydonaldson.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/J.-WAS-94-Text_alpha-Cit.pdf |journal=The Journal of the World Aquaculture Society}}</ref>.
Okumaya devam et...
[[File:Schematic_Diagram_of_the_Integrated_Aqua-Vegeculture_System.jpg|thumb]]
The Integrated Aqua-Vegeculture System (iAVs) is a food production method that combines [[aquaculture]] and [[horticulture]] within a closed system. It was developed in the 1980s by Dr. Mark McMurtry and colleagues at [[North Carolina State University]] including Professor Doug Sanders, Paul V. Nelson and Merle Jensen. This system is one of the earliest instances of a closed-loop [[Aquaponics|aquaponic]] system<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Kirsten |date=2014-01-19 |title=Aquaponics: A Brief History of This Integrated Fish & Veggies System |url=https://www.milkwood.net/2014/01/20/aquaponics-a-brief-history/ |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Milkwood: permaculture courses, skills + stories |language=en-US}}</ref>. Many of the modern developments and discoveries of aquaponics are generally attributed to the New Alchemy Institute and North Carolina State University<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Okomoda |first=Victor Tosin |last2=Oladimeji |first2=Sunday Abraham |last3=Solomon |first3=Shola Gabriel |last4=Olufeagba |first4=Samuel Olabode |last5=Ogah |first5=Samuel Ijabo |last6=Ikhwanuddin |first6=Mhd |date=2022-12-18 |title=Aquaponics production system: A review of historical perspective, opportunities, and challenges of its adoption |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10002891/ |journal=Food Science & Nutrition |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=1157–1165 |doi=10.1002/fsn3.3154 |issn=2048-7177 |pmid=36911833}}</ref>.
In an iAVs, fish are raised in tanks, and the nutrient-rich water from these tanks is used to irrigate and fertilize grow beds filled with plants that take up the nutrients, purifying the water, which is then recirculated back to the fish tanks. The system uses sand-based grow beds<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eck |first=M. |last2=Massart |first2=S. |last3=Jijakli |first3=M.H. |date=2020-03 |title=Study of a bacterial community in the aquaponic closed-loop system of Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1273.17 |journal=Acta Horticulturae |issue=1273 |pages=123–128 |doi=10.17660/actahortic.2020.1273.17 |issn=0567-7572}}</ref> to perform multiple functions, including plant support, biofiltration, particulate removal, and nutrient delivery to plants, without the need for separate biofilters. This multi-functional use of sand beds contributes to the relative simplicity of the iAVs design compared to other aquaponic systems.
In previous integrated fish-vegetable systems, fish effluent and suspended solids were removed from water through sedimentation before being applied to plants which resulted in insufficient residual nutrients for good plant growth<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=Mark |last2=Sanders |first2=Doug |last3=Hanings |first3=Blanche |last4=Amand |first4=Paul |date=1994 |title=Food Value, Water Use Efficiency, and Economic Productivity of an Integrated
Aquaculture-Olericulture System as Influenced by Tank to Biofilter Ratio |url=https://garydonaldson.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/94-HortTech-Text-v.2.3.pdf |journal=}}</ref>, compared to iAVs, which extracts fish effluent, including solids, from the bottom of the fish tanks at regular intervals up to eight times daily, from dawn to sunset. The effluent is then pumped directly onto the surface of the sand beds, which serve as both biological and mechanical filtration<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=M. R. |last2=Sanders |first2=D. C. |last3=Cure |first3=J. D. |last4=Hodson |first4=R. G. |last5=Haning |first5=B. C. |last6=Amand |first6=E. C. St. |date=1997-12 |title=Efficiency of Water Use of an Integrated Fish/Vegetable Co‐Culture System |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00290.x |journal=Journal of the World Aquaculture Society |language=en |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=420–428 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-7345.1997.tb00290.x |issn=0893-8849}}</ref>.
In traditional recirculatory aquaculture, carbonate inputs have been used to neutralize the acidification resulting from [[nitrification]]. However, researchers found that alkaline amendment was unnecessary when the nitrogen input rate approximated the nitrogen assimilation rates in the iAVs<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McMurtry |first=Mark |last2=Hodson |first2=Ronald |last3=Sanders |first3=Doug |date=1994 |title=Water Quality Maintenance and Mineral Assimilation by
Plants Influence Growth of Hybrid Tilapia in Culture with
Vegetable Crops1 |url=https://garydonaldson.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/J.-WAS-94-Text_alpha-Cit.pdf |journal=The Journal of the World Aquaculture Society}}</ref>.
Okumaya devam et...