Changed the two instances of "Karl X" to "Charles X" since he is referred to that way in the rest of the article
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 06:52, 8 May 2024 |
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| The second-eldest son of [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]] and [[Anne Catherine of Brandenburg]], Frederick was only considered an heir to the throne after the death of his older brother [[Christian, Prince Elect of Denmark|Prince Christian]] in 1647. He instituted [[absolute monarchy]] in [[Denmark-Norway]] in 1660, confirmed [[King's Law|by law in 1665]] as the first in Western [[historiography]]. He also ordered the creation of the [[Throne Chair of Denmark]]. | The second-eldest son of [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]] and [[Anne Catherine of Brandenburg]], Frederick was only considered an heir to the throne after the death of his older brother [[Christian, Prince Elect of Denmark|Prince Christian]] in 1647. He instituted [[absolute monarchy]] in [[Denmark-Norway]] in 1660, confirmed [[King's Law|by law in 1665]] as the first in Western [[historiography]]. He also ordered the creation of the [[Throne Chair of Denmark]]. |
| After failed and costly aggressive wars under Christian IV, most Danes did not want to go to war again. According to Cathal Nolan, when Fredrik III became king in 1648, he was excluded from the talks leading to the [[Peace of Westphalia]] and had to watch as Bremen was lost to Sweden and Stockholm was freed from paying Sound Tolls. In order to be elected king after the death of his father, Frederick conceded significant influence to the nobility. As king, he fought losing wars against [[Sweden]]. He was defeated in the [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–58)|Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658]], and in the [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660]]. However, when it seemed like Karl X was about to suffer a catastrophic defeat in the Second Northern War, Fredrik declared war on Sweden. Unexpectedly Karl X crossed the frozen Belts to Zealand and appeared with 5,000 men near Copenhagen. Fredrik was unprepared and was forced to sign the Treaty of Roskilde.<ref>Cathal J. Nolan, ''Wars of the Age of Louis XIV'' (2008) pp 103–104, 159, 232.</ref> | After failed and costly aggressive wars under Christian IV, most Danes did not want to go to war again. According to Cathal Nolan, when Fredrik III became king in 1648, he was excluded from the talks leading to the [[Peace of Westphalia]] and had to watch as Bremen was lost to Sweden and Stockholm was freed from paying Sound Tolls. In order to be elected king after the death of his father, Frederick conceded significant influence to the nobility. As king, he fought losing wars against [[Sweden]]. He was defeated in the [[Dano-Swedish War (1657–58)|Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658]], and in the [[Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)|Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660]]. However, when it seemed like Charles X was about to suffer a catastrophic defeat in the Second Northern War, Fredrik declared war on Sweden. Unexpectedly Charles X crossed the frozen Belts to Zealand and appeared with 5,000 men near Copenhagen. Fredrik was unprepared and was forced to sign the Treaty of Roskilde.<ref>Cathal J. Nolan, ''Wars of the Age of Louis XIV'' (2008) pp 103–104, 159, 232.</ref> |
| Frederick disbanded the [[elective monarchy]] in favour of absolute monarchy, which lasted until 1848 in Denmark. He married [[Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], with whom he fathered [[Christian V of Denmark]]. | Frederick disbanded the [[elective monarchy]] in favour of absolute monarchy, which lasted until 1848 in Denmark. He married [[Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], with whom he fathered [[Christian V of Denmark]]. |
Okumaya devam et...