Ethiopia was forcibly annexed by Italy in 1936. While it might not be the entire country, it did effectively end Ethiopia's rare independence status among African nations, for a while.
Okumaya devam et...
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| [[Early modern human|Anatomically modern humans]] emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the [[Near East]] and elsewhere in the [[Middle Paleolithic]] period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kessler |first=David F. |title=The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-283-70872-2 |oclc=819506475}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hopkin |first=Michael |date=16 February 2005 |title=Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of ''Homo sapiens'' |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/news050214-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=J.Z. |last2=Absher |first2=D.M. |last3=Tang |first3=H. |last4=Southwick |first4=A.M. |last5=Casto |first5=A.M. |last6=Ramachandran |first6=S. |last7=Cann |first7=H.M. |last8=Barsh |first8=G.S. |last9=Feldman |first9=M. |last10=Cavalli-Sforza |first10=L.L. |last11=Myers |first11=R.M. |year=2008 |title=Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=319 |issue=5866 |pages=1100–04 |bibcode=2008Sci...319.1100L |doi=10.1126/science.1153717 |pmid=18292342 |s2cid=53541133}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 February 2008 |title=Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM |access-date=16 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2011062...om/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Karen |date=21 February 2008 |title=Around the world from Addis Ababa |url=http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603122801/http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=16 March 2009 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible [[Afroasiatic homeland|homeland of the Afroasiatic language family]].<ref name="Blench2006">{{Cite book |last=Blench |first=Roger |title=Archaeology, Language, and the African Past |publisher=AltaMira Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7591-0466-2 |pages=150–163 |language=English}}</ref> In 980 BC, the Kingdom of [[Dʿmt|D'mt]] extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moore |first=Dale H. |date=1936 |title=Christianity in Ethiopia |journal=Church History |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=271–284 |doi=10.2307/3160789 |jstor=3160789 |s2cid=162029676 |issn=0009-6407}}</ref> and Islam arrived by the [[Migration to Abyssinia|first Hijra]] in 615.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abbink |first=Jon |date=1998 |title=An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=109–124 |doi=10.1080/13696819808717830 |jstor=1771876 |hdl=1887/9486 |issn=1369-6815|hdl-access=free }}</ref> After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the [[Zagwe dynasty]] ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by [[Yekuno Amlak]] in 1270, inaugurating the [[Ethiopian Empire]] and the [[Solomonic dynasty]], claimed descent from the biblical [[Solomon]] and [[Queen of Sheba]] under their son [[Menelik I]]. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the [[Ethiopian–Adal War]] (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as ''[[Zemene Mesafint]]'' in the mid-18th century. [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Emperor]] [[Tewodros II]] ended ''Zemene Mesafint'' at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia |url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/id/1299/Vaughanphd.pdf}}</ref> | [[Early modern human|Anatomically modern humans]] emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the [[Near East]] and elsewhere in the [[Middle Paleolithic]] period.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kessler |first=David F. |title=The Falashas: a Short History of the Ethiopian Jews |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-283-70872-2 |oclc=819506475}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hopkin |first=Michael |date=16 February 2005 |title=Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of ''Homo sapiens'' |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/news050214-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=J.Z. |last2=Absher |first2=D.M. |last3=Tang |first3=H. |last4=Southwick |first4=A.M. |last5=Casto |first5=A.M. |last6=Ramachandran |first6=S. |last7=Cann |first7=H.M. |last8=Barsh |first8=G.S. |last9=Feldman |first9=M. |last10=Cavalli-Sforza |first10=L.L. |last11=Myers |first11=R.M. |year=2008 |title=Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=319 |issue=5866 |pages=1100–04 |bibcode=2008Sci...319.1100L |doi=10.1126/science.1153717 |pmid=18292342 |s2cid=53541133}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 February 2008 |title=Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says |publisher=[[Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM |access-date=16 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2011062...om/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM |archive-date=29 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kaplan |first=Karen |date=21 February 2008 |title=Around the world from Addis Ababa |url=http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603122801/http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=16 March 2009 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible [[Afroasiatic homeland|homeland of the Afroasiatic language family]].<ref name="Blench2006">{{Cite book |last=Blench |first=Roger |title=Archaeology, Language, and the African Past |publisher=AltaMira Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7591-0466-2 |pages=150–163 |language=English}}</ref> In 980 BC, the Kingdom of [[Dʿmt|D'mt]] extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moore |first=Dale H. |date=1936 |title=Christianity in Ethiopia |journal=Church History |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=271–284 |doi=10.2307/3160789 |jstor=3160789 |s2cid=162029676 |issn=0009-6407}}</ref> and Islam arrived by the [[Migration to Abyssinia|first Hijra]] in 615.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abbink |first=Jon |date=1998 |title=An Historical-Anthropological Approach to Islam in Ethiopia: Issues of Identity and Politics |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=109–124 |doi=10.1080/13696819808717830 |jstor=1771876 |hdl=1887/9486 |issn=1369-6815|hdl-access=free }}</ref> After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the [[Zagwe dynasty]] ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia until being overthrown by [[Yekuno Amlak]] in 1270, inaugurating the [[Ethiopian Empire]] and the [[Solomonic dynasty]], claimed descent from the biblical [[Solomon]] and [[Queen of Sheba]] under their son [[Menelik I]]. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the [[Ethiopian–Adal War]] (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as ''[[Zemene Mesafint]]'' in the mid-18th century. [[Emperor of Ethiopia|Emperor]] [[Tewodros II]] ended ''Zemene Mesafint'' at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2022 |title=Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia |url=https://era.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/id/1299/Vaughanphd.pdf}}</ref> |
| From 1878 onwards, Emperor [[Menelik II]] launched a series of conquests known as [[Menelik's Expansions]], which resulted in the formation of Ethiopia's current border. Externally, during the late 19th century, Ethiopia defended itself against foreign invasions, including from [[Ethiopian–Egyptian War|Egypt]] and [[First Italo-Ethiopian War|Italy]]; as a result, Ethiopia preserved its sovereignty during the [[Scramble for Africa]]. In 1936, Ethiopia was occupied by [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]] and annexed with Italian-possessed [[Italian Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Italian Somaliland|Somaliland]], later forming [[Italian East Africa]]. In 1941, during [[World War II]], it was [[East African campaign (World War II)|occupied by the British Army]], and its full sovereignty was [[Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement#Negotiating a new agreement|restored in 1944]] after a period of [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (Ethiopia)|military administration]]. The [[Derg]], a Soviet-backed military junta, took power in 1974 after [[1974 Ethiopian coup d'état|deposing]] Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] and the Solomonic dynasty, and ruled the country for nearly 17 years amidst the [[Ethiopian Civil War]]. Following the [[Fall of the Derg|dissolution of the Derg]] in 1991, the [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front]] (EPRDF) dominated the country with a [[1995 Constitution of Ethiopia|new constitution]] and [[Ethnic federalism#Ethiopia|ethnic-based federalism]]. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved [[Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia|inter-ethnic clashes]] and political instability marked by [[democratic backsliding]]. From 2018, regional and ethnically based factions carried out armed attacks in [[Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)|multiple ongoing wars throughout Ethiopia]].<ref name=BBC1120>{{Cite news|author=BBC Staff|date=3 November 2020|title=Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state|language=en|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54787034|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> | From 1878 onwards, Emperor [[Menelik II]] launched a series of conquests known as [[Menelik's Expansions]], which resulted in the formation of Ethiopia's current border. Externally, during the late 19th century, Ethiopia defended itself against foreign invasions, including from [[Ethiopian–Egyptian War|Egypt]] and [[First Italo-Ethiopian War|Italy]]; as a result, Ethiopia, alongside [[Liberia]], preserved its sovereignty during the [[Scramble for Africa]]. Ethiopia's independence status was put to a brutal end in 1936, when it was occupied by [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Fascist Italy]] and annexed with Italian-possessed [[Italian Eritrea|Eritrea]] and [[Italian Somaliland|Somaliland]], later forming [[Italian East Africa]]. In 1941, during [[World War II]], it was [[East African campaign (World War II)|occupied by the British Army]], and its full sovereignty was [[Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement#Negotiating a new agreement|restored in 1944]] after a period of [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (Ethiopia)|military administration]]. The [[Derg]], a Soviet-backed military junta, took power in 1974 after [[1974 Ethiopian coup d'état|deposing]] Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] and the Solomonic dynasty, and ruled the country for nearly 17 years amidst the [[Ethiopian Civil War]]. Following the [[Fall of the Derg|dissolution of the Derg]] in 1991, the [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front]] (EPRDF) dominated the country with a [[1995 Constitution of Ethiopia|new constitution]] and [[Ethnic federalism#Ethiopia|ethnic-based federalism]]. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved [[Ethnic discrimination in Ethiopia|inter-ethnic clashes]] and political instability marked by [[democratic backsliding]]. From 2018, regional and ethnically based factions carried out armed attacks in [[Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)|multiple ongoing wars throughout Ethiopia]].<ref name=BBC1120>{{Cite news|author=BBC Staff|date=3 November 2020|title=Ethiopia attack: Dozens 'rounded up and killed' in Oromia state|language=en|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54787034|access-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> |
| Ethiopia is a [[Multinational state|multi-ethnic state]] with over 80 different [[List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia|ethnic groups]]. [[Christianity]] is the most widely professed faith in the country, with significant minorities of the adherents of [[Islam in Ethiopia|Islam]] and a small percentage to [[Traditional African religion|traditional faiths]]. This [[sovereign state]] is a founding member of the UN, the [[Group of 24]], the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Group of 77]], and the [[Organisation of African Unity]]. Addis Ababa is the headquarters of the [[African Union]], the [[Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry]], the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]], the [[African Standby Force]] and many of the global [[non-governmental organization]]s focused on Africa. Ethiopia became a full member of [[BRICS]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2024/01/01/egypt-iran-saudi-arabia-uae-ethiopia-formally-join-brics/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |work=Daily News Egypt |date=1 January 2024}}</ref> Ethiopia is one of the [[least developed countries]] but is sometimes considered an [[emerging power]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019...ia-could-be-the-next-global-economy-to-watch/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=World Economic Forum |date=6 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Somtribune |date=29 August 2020 |title=Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower |url=https://www.somtribune.com/2020/08/29/ethiopia-can-be-africas-next-superpower/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=SomTribune |language=en-GB}}</ref> having the [[List of African countries by GDP growth|fastest economic growth]] in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n countries because of [[foreign direct investment]] in expansion of agricultural and manufacturing industries;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> [[Agriculture in Ethiopia|agriculture]] is the country's largest economic sector, accounting for 36% of the [[gross domestic product]] as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy. |url=https://lekreports.com/agriculture-...l-retained-its-majority-share-of-the-economy/ |website=The Low Ethiopian Reports|date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> | Ethiopia is a [[Multinational state|multi-ethnic state]] with over 80 different [[List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia|ethnic groups]]. [[Christianity]] is the most widely professed faith in the country, with significant minorities of the adherents of [[Islam in Ethiopia|Islam]] and a small percentage to [[Traditional African religion|traditional faiths]]. This [[sovereign state]] is a founding member of the UN, the [[Group of 24]], the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], the [[Group of 77]], and the [[Organisation of African Unity]]. Addis Ababa is the headquarters of the [[African Union]], the [[Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry]], the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]], the [[African Standby Force]] and many of the global [[non-governmental organization]]s focused on Africa. Ethiopia became a full member of [[BRICS]] in 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia formally join BRICS |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2024/01/01/egypt-iran-saudi-arabia-uae-ethiopia-formally-join-brics/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |work=Daily News Egypt |date=1 January 2024}}</ref> Ethiopia is one of the [[least developed countries]] but is sometimes considered an [[emerging power]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 reasons why Ethiopia could be the next global economy to watch |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019...ia-could-be-the-next-global-economy-to-watch/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=World Economic Forum |date=6 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Somtribune |date=29 August 2020 |title=Ethiopia Can Be Africa's Next Superpower |url=https://www.somtribune.com/2020/08/29/ethiopia-can-be-africas-next-superpower/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=SomTribune |language=en-GB}}</ref> having the [[List of African countries by GDP growth|fastest economic growth]] in [[Sub-Saharan Africa]]n countries because of [[foreign direct investment]] in expansion of agricultural and manufacturing industries;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> [[Agriculture in Ethiopia|agriculture]] is the country's largest economic sector, accounting for 36% of the [[gross domestic product]] as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agriculture in Ethiopia: data shows for a large part Agriculture still retained its majority share of the economy. |url=https://lekreports.com/agriculture-...l-retained-its-majority-share-of-the-economy/ |website=The Low Ethiopian Reports|date=16 June 2022 }}</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...