Environmental movement in South Africa

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Revision as of 21:02, 2 May 2024
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===Apartheid Era======Apartheid Era===
*1948: [[Apartheid]] regime implemented by the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]].This included environmental apartheid, the deliberate placement of Black South Africans in rural areas with harsh environmental conditions where it was difficult to obtain necessities such as food, water, and social services. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stull |first=Valerie |last2=Bell |first2=Michael M. |last3=Ncwadi |first3=Mpumelelo |date=2016-10-01 |title=Environmental apartheid: Eco-health and rural marginalization in South Africa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016716300572 |journal=Journal of Rural Studies |volume=47 |pages=369–380 |doi=10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.04.004 |issn=0743-0167}}</ref>*1948: [[Apartheid]] regime implemented by the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]]. This included environmental apartheid, the deliberate placement of Black South Africans in rural areas with harsh environmental conditions where it was difficult to obtain necessities such as food, water, and social services. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stull |first=Valerie |last2=Bell |first2=Michael M. |last3=Ncwadi |first3=Mpumelelo |date=2016-10-01 |title=Environmental apartheid: Eco-health and rural marginalization in South Africa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016716300572 |journal=Journal of Rural Studies |volume=47 |pages=369–380 |doi=10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.04.004 |issn=0743-0167}}</ref>
*1955: [[Congress_of_the_People_(1955)|Congress_of_the_People_(1955),]] a meeting of anti-apartheid activists and organizations, was held at Kliptown. The [[Freedom Charter]] adopted at the meeting includes article on agrarian & environmental rights, including 'save the soil'.<ref>{{Cite web |author=South Africa Department of Education |date=2005 |title=History of the Freedom Charter |url=https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/210-808-4720/PNUNCAA87opt.pdf |url-status=live |website=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref>*1955: [[Congress_of_the_People_(1955)|Congress_of_the_People_(1955),]] a meeting of anti-apartheid activists and organizations, was held at Kliptown. The [[Freedom Charter]] adopted at the meeting includes article on agrarian & environmental rights, including 'save the soil'.<ref>{{Cite web |author=South Africa Department of Education |date=2005 |title=History of the Freedom Charter |url=https://projects.kora.matrix.msu.edu/files/210-808-4720/PNUNCAA87opt.pdf |url-status=live |website=Department of Environmental Affairs}}</ref>
*1973: [[Endangered Wildlife Trust]] founded*1973: [[Endangered Wildlife Trust]] founded

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