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Okumaya devam et...
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| * cover a diverse array of perspectives from substantial portions of the population. | * cover a diverse array of perspectives from substantial portions of the population. |
| Logistically, deliberative opinion polls are very similar to other deliberative gatherings like [[Citizens' assembly|citizens' assemblie]]s.<ref name=":1">Scheufele, Dietram A. [https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37376270 "Modern Citizenship or Policy Dead End? Evaluating the need for public participation in science policy making, and why public meetings may not be the answer."] Shorenstein Center Research Paper Series 2011.R-34, January 2011. (note: not peer-reviewed)</ref> A couple areas where deliberative polling might differ is that a deliberative poll always has 100 to 200 participants, to ensure a statistically significant sample. In addition, deliberative polling emphasizes measuring opinion change after receiving new information and discussion rather than finding common areas of agreement or concrete policy proposals.<ref name="Luskin" /> The goal is to allow the researcher to get a reliable estimate of citizens' preferences both as-is and after an extensive process of deliberation about an issue.<ref name="Asahi">{{cite web |last=Tsuruoka |first=Masahiro |title=INTERVIEW: James Fishkin: Deliberative Polling should be used in key policy issues like energy |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/AJ201202240067 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061106/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/AJ201202240067 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 November 2012 |publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref> Experiments in online polling using an AI moderator have led study authors to conclude that the AI model tested was as effective as human moderators according to participant evaluations, allowing polls to be conducted more often at a reduced cost.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Gelauff |first=Lodewijk |title=Achieving parity with human moderators |date=2023-06-08 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003215929/chapters/10.4324/9781003215929-15 |work=The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intelligence for Democracy and Governance |pages=202–221 |access-date=2023-09-15 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003215929-15 |isbn=978-1-003-21592-9 |last2=Nikolenko |first2=Liubov |last3=Sakshuwong |first3=Sukolsak |last4=Fishkin |first4=James |last5=Goel |first5=Ashish |last6=Munagala |first6=Kamesh |last7=Siu |first7=Alice|doi-access=free }}</ref> While in-person deliberations should pay for childcare, venues, moderators, hotels, and stipends to achieve a representative sample, online deliberations seem only need to offer increased bandwidth, technical support, newer devices and a smaller stipend to participants.<ref name=":0" /> | Logistically, deliberative opinion polls are very similar to other deliberative gatherings like [[Citizens' assembly|citizens' assemblie]]s.<ref name=":1">Scheufele, Dietram A. [https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37376270 "Modern Citizenship or Policy Dead End? Evaluating the need for public participation in science policy making, and why public meetings may not be the answer."] Shorenstein Center Research Paper Series 2011.R-34, January 2011. (note: not peer-reviewed)</ref> A couple areas where deliberative polling might differ is that a deliberative poll always has 100 to 200 participants, to ensure a statistically significant sample. In addition, deliberative polling emphasizes measuring opinion change after receiving new information and discussion rather than finding common areas of agreement or concrete policy proposals.<ref name="Luskin" /> The goal is to allow the researcher to get a reliable estimate of citizens' preferences both as-is and after an extensive process of deliberation about an issue.<ref name="Asahi">{{cite web |last=Tsuruoka |first=Masahiro |title=INTERVIEW: James Fishkin: Deliberative Polling should be used in key policy issues like energy |url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/AJ201202240067 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061106/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/views/AJ201202240067 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=12 November 2012 |publisher=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref> Experiments in online polling using an AI moderator have led study authors to conclude that the AI model tested was as effective as human moderators according to participant evaluations, allowing polls to be conducted more often at a reduced cost.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Gelauff |first=Lodewijk |title=Achieving parity with human moderators |date=2023-06-08 |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003215929/chapters/10.4324/9781003215929-15 |work=The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intelligence for Democracy and Governance |pages=202–221 |access-date=2023-09-15 |edition=1 |place=London |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9781003215929-15 |isbn=978-1-003-21592-9 |last2=Nikolenko |first2=Liubov |last3=Sakshuwong |first3=Sukolsak |last4=Fishkin |first4=James |last5=Goel |first5=Ashish |last6=Munagala |first6=Kamesh |last7=Siu |first7=Alice|doi-access=free }}</ref> While in-person deliberations should pay for childcare, venues, moderators, hotels, and stipends to achieve a representative sample, [[Online deliberation|online deliberations]] seem to only need to offer increased bandwidth, technical support, newer devices and a smaller stipend to participants.<ref name=":0" /> |
| == Examples == | == Examples == |
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| *[[Deliberative assembly]] | *[[Deliberative assembly]] |
| *[[Deliberative democracy]] | *[[Deliberative democracy]] |
| *[[Demarchy|Demarchy/Sortition]] | *[[Sortition]] |
| *[[Online deliberation]] | |
| == References == | == References == |
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| == External links == | == External links == |
| *[https://deliberation.stanford.edu Deliberative Democracy Lab at Stanford University] | *[https://deliberation.stanford.edu Website] of the Deliberative Democracy Lab at [[Stanford University]] |
| **[https://deliberation.stanford.edu/publications Database of recently published articles] on deliberative polling | **[https://deliberation.stanford.edu/publications/journal-articles Database of recently published articles] on deliberative polling |
| [[Category:Types of polling]] | [[Category:Types of polling]] |
Okumaya devam et...