top: Confused primary and secondary
Okumaya devam et...
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| A '''cerebrospinal fluid leak''' ('''CSF leak''' or '''CSFL''') is a medical condition where the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF) that surrounds the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] leaks out of one or more holes or tears in the [[dura mater]].<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001068|CSF leak}}</ref> A CSF leak is classed as either nonspontaneous (primary), having a known cause, or spontaneous ('''sCSF leak''') (secondary) where the cause is not readily evident.<ref name="Tai">{{cite journal |last1=Tai |first1=YC |last2=Tai |first2=YS |last3=Ou |first3=CH |last4=Lui |first4=CC |last5=Wang |first5=HK |last6=Kuo |first6=HC |last7=Hsu |first7=SP |title=Treatment, Outcome, and Relapse of Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. |journal=Brain Sciences |date=2 March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=340 |doi=10.3390/brainsci12030340 |pmid=35326296|pmc=8945904 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{EMedicine|article|338989|Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Imaging}}</ref> Causes of a primary CSF leak are those of [[Major trauma|trauma]] including from an [[accident]] or intentional injury, or arising from a medical intervention known as [[iatrogenic]]. A [[basilar skull fracture]] as a cause can give the sign of CSF leakage from the ear nose or mouth.<ref name="Simon">{{cite book |last1=Simon |first1=LV |last2=Newton |first2=EJ |title=Basilar Skull Fractures. |date=January 2023 |pmid=29261908}}</ref> A [[lumbar puncture]] can give the symptom of a [[post-dural-puncture headache]]. | A '''cerebrospinal fluid leak''' ('''CSF leak''' or '''CSFL''') is a medical condition where the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] (CSF) that surrounds the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]] leaks out of one or more holes or tears in the [[dura mater]].<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|001068|CSF leak}}</ref> A CSF leak is classed as either spontaneous (primary), having no known cause ('''sCSF leak'''), or nonspontaneous (secondary) where it is attributed to an underlying condition.<ref name="Tai">{{cite journal |last1=Tai |first1=YC |last2=Tai |first2=YS |last3=Ou |first3=CH |last4=Lui |first4=CC |last5=Wang |first5=HK |last6=Kuo |first6=HC |last7=Hsu |first7=SP |title=Treatment, Outcome, and Relapse of Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak. |journal=Brain Sciences |date=2 March 2022 |volume=12 |issue=3 |page=340 |doi=10.3390/brainsci12030340 |pmid=35326296|pmc=8945904 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{EMedicine|article|338989|Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Imaging}}</ref> Causes of a primary CSF leak are those of [[Major trauma|trauma]] including from an [[accident]] or intentional injury, or arising from a medical intervention known as [[iatrogenic]]. A [[basilar skull fracture]] as a cause can give the sign of CSF leakage from the ear nose or mouth.<ref name="Simon">{{cite book |last1=Simon |first1=LV |last2=Newton |first2=EJ |title=Basilar Skull Fractures. |date=January 2023 |pmid=29261908}}</ref> A [[lumbar puncture]] can give the symptom of a [[post-dural-puncture headache]]. |
| A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders.<ref name="CSFLF">{{cite web |title=Are all CSF leaks similar? |url=https://spinalcsfleak.org/are-all-csf-leaks-similar/ |website=Spinal CSF Leak Foundation |date=29 April 2018}}</ref> A spinal CSF leak can be caused by one or more [[meninges|meningeal]] [[diverticulum|diverticula]] or CSF-venous [[fistula]]s not associated with an [[epidural space|epidural leak]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kranz|first1=Peter G.|last2=Luetmer|first2=Patrick H.|last3=Diehn|first3=Felix E.|last4=Amrhein|first4=Timothy J.|last5=Tanpitukpongse|first5=Teerath Peter|last6=Gray|first6=Linda|date=2015-12-23|title=Myelographic Techniques for the Detection of Spinal CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=206|issue=1|pages=8–19|doi=10.2214/AJR.15.14884|pmid=26700332|s2cid=5430158 |issn=0361-803X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Kranz|first1=Peter G.|last2=Amrhein|first2=Timothy J.|last3=Gray|first3=Linda|date=December 2017|title=CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography|journal=AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=209|issue=6|pages=1360–1366|doi=10.2214/AJR.17.18351|issn=1546-3141|pmid=29023155}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> A spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak may occur sometimes in those with predisposing heritable [[connective tissue disorder]]s including [[Marfan syndrome]] and [[Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]].<ref name="CSFLF"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reinstein |first1=E |last2=Pariani |first2=M |last3=Bannykh |first3=S |last4=Rimoin |first4=D |last5=Schievink |first5=WI |title=Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study. |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=21 |date=April 2013 |issue=4 |pages=386–390 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2012.191 |pmid=22929030|pmc=3598315 }}</ref> A loss of CSF greater than its rate of production leads to a decreased volume inside the skull known as [[Intracranial pressure#Low ICP|intracranial hypotension]]. | A cerebrospinal fluid leak can be either cranial or spinal, and these are two different disorders.<ref name="CSFLF">{{cite web |title=Are all CSF leaks similar? |url=https://spinalcsfleak.org/are-all-csf-leaks-similar/ |website=Spinal CSF Leak Foundation |date=29 April 2018}}</ref> A spinal CSF leak can be caused by one or more [[meninges|meningeal]] [[diverticulum|diverticula]] or CSF-venous [[fistula]]s not associated with an [[epidural space|epidural leak]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kranz|first1=Peter G.|last2=Luetmer|first2=Patrick H.|last3=Diehn|first3=Felix E.|last4=Amrhein|first4=Timothy J.|last5=Tanpitukpongse|first5=Teerath Peter|last6=Gray|first6=Linda|date=2015-12-23|title=Myelographic Techniques for the Detection of Spinal CSF Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=206|issue=1|pages=8–19|doi=10.2214/AJR.15.14884|pmid=26700332|s2cid=5430158 |issn=0361-803X}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Kranz|first1=Peter G.|last2=Amrhein|first2=Timothy J.|last3=Gray|first3=Linda|date=December 2017|title=CSF Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Imaging Characteristics on Dynamic and CT Myelography|journal=AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=209|issue=6|pages=1360–1366|doi=10.2214/AJR.17.18351|issn=1546-3141|pmid=29023155}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> A spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak may occur sometimes in those with predisposing heritable [[connective tissue disorder]]s including [[Marfan syndrome]] and [[Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]].<ref name="CSFLF"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reinstein |first1=E |last2=Pariani |first2=M |last3=Bannykh |first3=S |last4=Rimoin |first4=D |last5=Schievink |first5=WI |title=Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study. |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=21 |date=April 2013 |issue=4 |pages=386–390 |doi=10.1038/ejhg.2012.191 |pmid=22929030|pmc=3598315 }}</ref> A loss of CSF greater than its rate of production leads to a decreased volume inside the skull known as [[Intracranial pressure#Low ICP|intracranial hypotension]]. |
Okumaya devam et...