Plants
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 18:54, 7 May 2024 |
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| === Plants === | === Plants === |
| Biofluorescence is frequent in plants, and can occur in most of their parts,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Holovachov |first=Oleksandr |date=2015-09-02 |title=Unseen beauty of flowers – hidden signals or spectacular by-product? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14688417.2015.1078121 |journal=Green Letters |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=329–331 |doi=10.1080/14688417.2015.1078121 |issn=1468-8417}}</ref> but has been studied in chlorophyll since the 1800s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Lagorio |first1=M. Gabriela |last2=Cordon |first2=Gabriela B. |last3=Iriel |first3=Analia |date=September 2015 |title=Reviewing the relevance of fluorescence in biological systems |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1039/c5pp00122f |journal=Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences |language=en |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1538–1559 |doi=10.1039/c5pp00122f |issn=1474-905X}}</ref> Generally, [[chlorophyll]] [[Chlorophyll fluorescence|fluoresces]] red,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Murchie |first1=E.H. |last2=Lawson |first2=T. |date=October 2013 |title=Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis: a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications |url=https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jxb/ert208 |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=64 |issue=13 |pages=3983–3998 |doi=10.1093/jxb/ert208 |pmid=23913954 |issn=1460-2431}}</ref> and can be used as a measure of [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] capabilities,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krause |first1=G. Heinrich |last2=Weis |first2=Engelbert |date=1984 |title=Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology: II. Interpretation of fluorescence signals |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00028527 |journal=Photosynthesis Research |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=139–157 |doi=10.1007/BF00028527 |pmid=24458602 |issn=0166-8595}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> or general health.<ref name=":1"/> After absorbing light, chlorophyll may fluoresce as part of the physiological processes involved in photosynthesis.<ref name=":2"/> | Biofluorescence is frequent in plants, and can occur in many of their parts,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Holovachov |first=Oleksandr |date=2015-09-02 |title=Unseen beauty of flowers – hidden signals or spectacular by-product? |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14688417.2015.1078121 |journal=Green Letters |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=329–331 |doi=10.1080/14688417.2015.1078121 |issn=1468-8417}}</ref> but has been studied in chlorophyll since the 1800s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Lagorio |first1=M. Gabriela |last2=Cordon |first2=Gabriela B. |last3=Iriel |first3=Analia |date=September 2015 |title=Reviewing the relevance of fluorescence in biological systems |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1039/c5pp00122f |journal=Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences |language=en |volume=14 |issue=9 |pages=1538–1559 |doi=10.1039/c5pp00122f |issn=1474-905X}}</ref> Generally, [[chlorophyll]] [[Chlorophyll fluorescence|fluoresces]] red,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Murchie |first1=E.H. |last2=Lawson |first2=T. |date=October 2013 |title=Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis: a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications |url=https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jxb/ert208 |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=64 |issue=13 |pages=3983–3998 |doi=10.1093/jxb/ert208 |pmid=23913954 |issn=1460-2431}}</ref> and can be used as a measure of [[Photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] capabilities,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Krause |first1=G. Heinrich |last2=Weis |first2=Engelbert |date=1984 |title=Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology: II. Interpretation of fluorescence signals |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00028527 |journal=Photosynthesis Research |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=139–157 |doi=10.1007/BF00028527 |pmid=24458602 |issn=0166-8595}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> or general health.<ref name=":1"/> After absorbing light, chlorophyll may fluoresce as part of the physiological processes involved in photosynthesis.<ref name=":2"/> |
| Reproductive characters such as pollen,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Roshchina |first=Victoria V. |date=2012-09-10 |title=Vital Autofluorescence: Application to the Study of Plant Living Cells |journal=International Journal of Spectroscopy |volume=2012 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1155/2012/124672 |doi-access=free |issn=1687-9449}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Mori |first1=Shinnosuke |last2=Fukui |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Oishi |first3=Masanori |last4=Sakuma |first4=Masayuki |last5=Kawakami |first5=Mari |last6=Tsukioka |first6=Junko |last7=Goto |first7=Katsumi |last8=Hirai |first8=Nobuhiro |date=2018-06-01 |title=Biocommunication between Plants and Pollinating Insects through Fluorescence of Pollen and Anthers |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-0958-9 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=591–600 |doi=10.1007/s10886-018-0958-9 |pmid=29717395 |bibcode=2018JCEco..44..591M |issn=1573-1561}}</ref> anthers <ref name=":4"/> or petals<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Gandía-Herrero |first1=Fernando |last2=García-Carmona |first2=Francisco |last3=Escribano |first3=Josefa |date=September 2005 |title=Floral fluorescence effect |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/437334a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=437 |issue=7057 |pages=334 |doi=10.1038/437334a |pmid=16163341 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> may also fluoresce. These characters may produce a variety of colors depending on the pigment responsible for fluorescence<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":4"/>. While it is unclear what the primary function of different kinds of fluorescence are in plants,<ref name=":0"/> reproductive characters may biofluoresce as a signal to attract pollinators,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gumbert |first=A. |date=2000-06-01 |title=Color choices by bumble bees (Bombus terrestris): innate preferences and generalization after learning |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650000213 |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |language=en |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=36–43 |doi=10.1007/s002650000213 |issn=1432-0762}}</ref><ref name=":4"/> However, biofluorescence may also attract prey in predatory plants,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kurup |first1=R. |last2=Johnson |first2=A. J. |last3=Sankar |first3=S. |last4=Hussain |first4=A. A. |last5=Kumar |first5=C. Sathish |last6=Sabulal |first6=B. |date=May 2013 |editor-last=Rennenberg |editor-first=H. |title=Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x |journal=Plant Biology |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=611–615 |doi=10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x |pmid=23696970 |bibcode=2013PlBio..15..611K |issn=1435-8603}}</ref> or serve no function<ref name=":1"/>. | Reproductive characters such as pollen,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Roshchina |first=Victoria V. |date=2012-09-10 |title=Vital Autofluorescence: Application to the Study of Plant Living Cells |journal=International Journal of Spectroscopy |volume=2012 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1155/2012/124672 |doi-access=free |issn=1687-9449}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Mori |first1=Shinnosuke |last2=Fukui |first2=Hiroshi |last3=Oishi |first3=Masanori |last4=Sakuma |first4=Masayuki |last5=Kawakami |first5=Mari |last6=Tsukioka |first6=Junko |last7=Goto |first7=Katsumi |last8=Hirai |first8=Nobuhiro |date=2018-06-01 |title=Biocommunication between Plants and Pollinating Insects through Fluorescence of Pollen and Anthers |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-018-0958-9 |journal=Journal of Chemical Ecology |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=591–600 |doi=10.1007/s10886-018-0958-9 |pmid=29717395 |bibcode=2018JCEco..44..591M |issn=1573-1561}}</ref> anthers <ref name=":4"/> or petals<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Gandía-Herrero |first1=Fernando |last2=García-Carmona |first2=Francisco |last3=Escribano |first3=Josefa |date=September 2005 |title=Floral fluorescence effect |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/437334a |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=437 |issue=7057 |pages=334 |doi=10.1038/437334a |pmid=16163341 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> may also fluoresce. These characters may produce a variety of colors depending on the pigment responsible for fluorescence<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":4"/>. While it is unclear what the primary function of different kinds of fluorescence are in plants,<ref name=":0"/> reproductive characters may biofluoresce as a signal to attract pollinators,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gumbert |first=A. |date=2000-06-01 |title=Color choices by bumble bees (Bombus terrestris): innate preferences and generalization after learning |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s002650000213 |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |language=en |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=36–43 |doi=10.1007/s002650000213 |issn=1432-0762}}</ref><ref name=":4"/> However, biofluorescence may also attract prey in predatory plants,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kurup |first1=R. |last2=Johnson |first2=A. J. |last3=Sankar |first3=S. |last4=Hussain |first4=A. A. |last5=Kumar |first5=C. Sathish |last6=Sabulal |first6=B. |date=May 2013 |editor-last=Rennenberg |editor-first=H. |title=Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x |journal=Plant Biology |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=611–615 |doi=10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x |pmid=23696970 |bibcode=2013PlBio..15..611K |issn=1435-8603}}</ref> or serve no function<ref name=":1"/>. |
Okumaya devam et...