Trakking:
{{Short description|Philosophical critique of Francis Bacon}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book| <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon
| title_orig = Examen de la philosophie de Bacon
| translator =
| image =
| caption =
| author = [[Joseph de Maistre]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country =
| language = [[French language|French]]
| series =
| genre = [[Philosophy of science]] · [[History of science]] · [[Epistemology]] · [[Metaphysics]]
| publisher =
| pub_date = 1836
| english_pub_date = 1998
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon''''' ({{lang-fr|Examen de la Philosophie de Bacon}}) is a [[Posthumous publication|posthumous work]] by Savoyard philosopher [[Joseph de Maistre]], analyzing and criticizing the philosophy of [[Francis Bacon]].<ref>Huet, François (1837). "Le Chancelier Bacon et le Comte Joseph de Maistre." In: [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073711635 ''Nouvelles Archives Historiques, Philosophiques et Littéraires.''] Gand: C. Annoot-Braekman, vol. I, pp. 65–94.</ref> It was published in 1836 and translated into English by [[Richard Lebrun]] in 1998.
== Thesis ==
Maistre considers Bacon to be the fountainhead of a destructive [[Rationalism|rationalistic]] ideology, blaming him for much of the [[scientism]] and [[atheism]] of the [[Age of Enlightenment]].<ref>Gourmont, Rémy de (1905). "François Bacon et Joseph de Maistre." In: ''Promenades Philosophiques.'' Paris: Mercure de France, pp. 7–32.</ref> The argumentation against Bacon's philosophy is based on Maistre's [[epistemology]] first enunciated in the ''[[St Petersburg Dialogues]]'' (1819), according to which science depends on the [[Innatism|innate ideas]] that are common to all human minds. Without such [[first principles]], Maistre argues, experiments would be useless because there would be no basis for judging their validity.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Introduction|title=An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon|publisher=McGill's Queen's University Press|pages=xxi–xxii|first=Lebrun|last=Richard A.|year=1998|isbn=0-7735-1727-8|editor=de Maistre, Joseph}}</ref> Maistre also argues that [[genius]] plays a pivotal role in great scientific discoveries, as demonstrated by inspired intellects such as [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Galileo Galilei]], and [[Isaac Newton]], contrary to Bacon's theory about conforming to a mechanistic method.<ref>{{cite book|title=Liberalism and Tradition|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/502414345|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2010|isbn=978-0-521-14305-9|oclc=502414345|first=Bernard|last=Reardon|page=35}}</ref>
== Reception ==
Although not as well known as some of Maistre's other works, its importance has long been recognized in France. [[Augustin Bonnetty]] remarked that "it would perhaps be necessary to go back to [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]'s ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' to find a more severe, more mocking, more pointed critique."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonnetty|first=Augustin|journal=Annales de Philosophic Chretiennes|volume=13|issue=73|date=31 July 1836}}</ref> [[Gustave Flaubert]] quoted a few sentences from the work in his novel ''[[Bouvard et Pécuchet]]'' (1881)—a critique of {{lang|fr|[[bourgeoisie]]}} society:
{{quote|“Bacon est absolument dépourvu de l’esprit d’analyse ; non seulement ne savait pas résoudre les questions, mais ne savait pas même les poser. // Bacon, absolutely destitute of the spirit of analysis, not only did not know how to resolve questions, but did not even know how to pose them.”}}
{{quote|“Bacon, man étranger à toutes les sciences et dont toutes les idées fondamentales étaient fausses. // Bacon, a man foreign to all sciences and whose fundamental ideas were false to the point of ridiculousness!”}}
[[Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve]], one of the most distinguished literary critics in nineteenth-century France, thought that Maistre's chapters on [[final causes]] and on [[Relationship between religion and science|the union of religion and science]] contained "certainly some of the finest pages that have ever been written in a human language."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Sainte-Beuve|author-first=Charles Augustin|title=Revue des Deux Mondes|date=1843|page=387}}</ref>
Scholars have also claimed that Maistre's work anticipated the philosophy of modern science. According to Frederick Holdsworth, Maistre described for the first time many of the principles on which modern [[scientific method]] is based on such matters as the nature of [[causality]], the inevitable human-centeredness of all scientific understanding, the role of [[intuition]] in scientific discovery, and the inescapability of metaphysical considerations.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Introduction|title=An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon|publisher=McGill's Queen's University Press|pages=xxiv–xxv|first=Lebrun|last=Richard A.|year=1998|isbn=0-7735-1727-8|editor=de Maistre, Joseph}}</ref> [[Larry Siedentop]] concluded that Maistre reached "important and original conclusions about scientific method – conclusions which have since been accepted by the philosophy of science."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Siedentop|author-first=Larry|title=The Limits of Enlightenment|year=1966|page=348}}</ref> Owen Bradley claims that "Maistre's critique of Enlightenment notions of science is significant in its own right as a highly modern approach to the [[history of science]]."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Bradley|author-first=Owen|title=Logics of Violence: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre|publisher=Cornell University|year=1992|page=453|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Logics_of_Violence.html?id=FOiszwEACAAJ}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Joseph de Maistre}}
{{Francis Bacon}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category
hilosophy of science literature]]
[[Category:History books about science]]
[[Category:Epistemology books]]
[[Category:Counter-Enlightenment]]
[[Category:Books by Joseph de Maistre]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{Short description|Philosophical critique of Francis Bacon}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox book| <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]] or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Books]] -->
| name = An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon
| title_orig = Examen de la philosophie de Bacon
| translator =
| image =
| caption =
| author = [[Joseph de Maistre]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country =
| language = [[French language|French]]
| series =
| genre = [[Philosophy of science]] · [[History of science]] · [[Epistemology]] · [[Metaphysics]]
| publisher =
| pub_date = 1836
| english_pub_date = 1998
| media_type =
| pages =
| isbn =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon''''' ({{lang-fr|Examen de la Philosophie de Bacon}}) is a [[Posthumous publication|posthumous work]] by Savoyard philosopher [[Joseph de Maistre]], analyzing and criticizing the philosophy of [[Francis Bacon]].<ref>Huet, François (1837). "Le Chancelier Bacon et le Comte Joseph de Maistre." In: [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015073711635 ''Nouvelles Archives Historiques, Philosophiques et Littéraires.''] Gand: C. Annoot-Braekman, vol. I, pp. 65–94.</ref> It was published in 1836 and translated into English by [[Richard Lebrun]] in 1998.
== Thesis ==
Maistre considers Bacon to be the fountainhead of a destructive [[Rationalism|rationalistic]] ideology, blaming him for much of the [[scientism]] and [[atheism]] of the [[Age of Enlightenment]].<ref>Gourmont, Rémy de (1905). "François Bacon et Joseph de Maistre." In: ''Promenades Philosophiques.'' Paris: Mercure de France, pp. 7–32.</ref> The argumentation against Bacon's philosophy is based on Maistre's [[epistemology]] first enunciated in the ''[[St Petersburg Dialogues]]'' (1819), according to which science depends on the [[Innatism|innate ideas]] that are common to all human minds. Without such [[first principles]], Maistre argues, experiments would be useless because there would be no basis for judging their validity.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Introduction|title=An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon|publisher=McGill's Queen's University Press|pages=xxi–xxii|first=Lebrun|last=Richard A.|year=1998|isbn=0-7735-1727-8|editor=de Maistre, Joseph}}</ref> Maistre also argues that [[genius]] plays a pivotal role in great scientific discoveries, as demonstrated by inspired intellects such as [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Galileo Galilei]], and [[Isaac Newton]], contrary to Bacon's theory about conforming to a mechanistic method.<ref>{{cite book|title=Liberalism and Tradition|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/502414345|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2010|isbn=978-0-521-14305-9|oclc=502414345|first=Bernard|last=Reardon|page=35}}</ref>
== Reception ==
Although not as well known as some of Maistre's other works, its importance has long been recognized in France. [[Augustin Bonnetty]] remarked that "it would perhaps be necessary to go back to [[Blaise Pascal|Pascal]]'s ''[[Lettres provinciales]]'' to find a more severe, more mocking, more pointed critique."<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bonnetty|first=Augustin|journal=Annales de Philosophic Chretiennes|volume=13|issue=73|date=31 July 1836}}</ref> [[Gustave Flaubert]] quoted a few sentences from the work in his novel ''[[Bouvard et Pécuchet]]'' (1881)—a critique of {{lang|fr|[[bourgeoisie]]}} society:
{{quote|“Bacon est absolument dépourvu de l’esprit d’analyse ; non seulement ne savait pas résoudre les questions, mais ne savait pas même les poser. // Bacon, absolutely destitute of the spirit of analysis, not only did not know how to resolve questions, but did not even know how to pose them.”}}
{{quote|“Bacon, man étranger à toutes les sciences et dont toutes les idées fondamentales étaient fausses. // Bacon, a man foreign to all sciences and whose fundamental ideas were false to the point of ridiculousness!”}}
[[Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve]], one of the most distinguished literary critics in nineteenth-century France, thought that Maistre's chapters on [[final causes]] and on [[Relationship between religion and science|the union of religion and science]] contained "certainly some of the finest pages that have ever been written in a human language."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Sainte-Beuve|author-first=Charles Augustin|title=Revue des Deux Mondes|date=1843|page=387}}</ref>
Scholars have also claimed that Maistre's work anticipated the philosophy of modern science. According to Frederick Holdsworth, Maistre described for the first time many of the principles on which modern [[scientific method]] is based on such matters as the nature of [[causality]], the inevitable human-centeredness of all scientific understanding, the role of [[intuition]] in scientific discovery, and the inescapability of metaphysical considerations.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Introduction|title=An Examination of the Philosophy of Bacon|publisher=McGill's Queen's University Press|pages=xxiv–xxv|first=Lebrun|last=Richard A.|year=1998|isbn=0-7735-1727-8|editor=de Maistre, Joseph}}</ref> [[Larry Siedentop]] concluded that Maistre reached "important and original conclusions about scientific method – conclusions which have since been accepted by the philosophy of science."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Siedentop|author-first=Larry|title=The Limits of Enlightenment|year=1966|page=348}}</ref> Owen Bradley claims that "Maistre's critique of Enlightenment notions of science is significant in its own right as a highly modern approach to the [[history of science]]."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Bradley|author-first=Owen|title=Logics of Violence: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre|publisher=Cornell University|year=1992|page=453|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Logics_of_Violence.html?id=FOiszwEACAAJ}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Joseph de Maistre}}
{{Francis Bacon}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category
hilosophy of science literature]][[Category:History books about science]]
[[Category:Epistemology books]]
[[Category:Counter-Enlightenment]]
[[Category:Books by Joseph de Maistre]]
Okumaya devam et...