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Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 13:26, 10 May 2024 |
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| ==Royal dynasty== | ==Royal dynasty== |
| ===[[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] (1777 – 20 October 1783)=== | |
| ===Sardars=== | |
| Jassa Singh was born on 3 May 1718 CE in a Jat Sikh family in the Ahlu village near [[Lahore]], [[Punjab]].{{sfn|H. S. Singha|2005|p=111}} Originally known as Jassa Singh Kalal,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahluwalia|first=M. L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpBHAAAAMAAJ|title=Life and Times of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|date=1989|publisher=Publication Bureau, Punjabi University|language=en}}</ref> he styled himself as Ahluwalia after his ancestral village.<ref>{{cite book |author=Donald Anthony Low |title=Soundings in Modern South Asian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WfD02m8q8eYC&pg=PA70 |year=1968 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=70–71 |oclc=612533097 }}</ref> | |
| * [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] (1777 – 20 October 1783)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kapurthala.html |title=Kapurthala |access-date=2021-01-05 |archive-date=2018-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2018080...s.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kapurthala.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |
 | *Bagh Singh Ahluwalia (1783–1801) |
| It's truly remarkable how an orphan at the tender age of four, who initially served as a humble stable boy, feeding horses with grass and grain, ascended to become the foremost military and political leader of the Sikhs and the architect of a significant state. He enjoyed the extraordinary opportunity of capturing Lahore and minting his own currency. Additionally, he had the unparalleled honor of sitting on the throne of the Mughal Emperors within the majestic Red Fort in Delhi. Moreover, he engaged in several direct confrontations with Ahmad Shah Durrani, widely regarded as the preeminent Asian general of his era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs Vol. IV The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls |date=1999 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |page=43 |url=https://archive.org/details/History...onwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n54/mode/1up}}</ref> | |
| ===Bagh Singh Ahluwalia (1783–1801)=== |
| Jassa Singh Ahluwalia had a son born in 1747, who unfortunately passed away shortly after birth. He had two daughters, one wedded to Mohar Singh of Fatahabad and the other to Murar Singh of Sultanwind.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=48 |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n47/mode/1up}}</ref> Since daughters or their sons weren't considered legal heirs during that time, he had no direct male successor. Consequently, his second cousin Bhag Singh, son of Ladha Singh and born in the same year, 1747, inherited his position.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls, Vol. Iv |date=1999 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |page=44 |url=https://archive.org/details/History...onwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n55/mode/1up}}</ref> | Jassa Singh Ahluwalia had a son born in 1747, who unfortunately passed away shortly after birth. He had two daughters, one wedded to Mohar Singh of Fatahabad and the other to Murar Singh of Sultanwind.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=48 |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n47/mode/1up}}</ref> Since daughters or their sons weren't considered legal heirs during that time, he had no direct male successor. Consequently, his second cousin Bhag Singh, son of Ladha Singh and born in the same year, 1747, inherited his position.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls, Vol. Iv |date=1999 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |page=44 |url=https://archive.org/details/History...onwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n55/mode/1up}}</ref> |
| *Fateh Singh Ahluwalia (1801–1837) | ===Fateh Singh Ahluwalia (1801–1837)=== |
| Fateh Singh, the sole offspring of Bhag Singh and born in 1784, assumed leadership of the Misl in 1801. Following his father's demise in Phagwara, he took control of Phagwara and Banga from Chaudhri Chuhar Mai. Known for his tranquil disposition and accommodating nature, he preferred to focus on managing his own territories rather than engaging in territorial expansion.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls, Vol. Iv |date=1999 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |page=46 |url=https://archive.org/details/History...onwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n57/mode/1up}}</ref> | Fateh Singh, the sole offspring of Bhag Singh and born in 1784, assumed leadership of the Misl in 1801. Following his father's demise in Phagwara, he took control of Phagwara and Banga from Chaudhri Chuhar Mai. Known for his tranquil disposition and accommodating nature, he preferred to focus on managing his own territories rather than engaging in territorial expansion.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Hari Ram |title=History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls, Vol. Iv |date=1999 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |page=46 |url=https://archive.org/details/History...onwealthOrRiseAndFallOfSikh/page/n57/mode/1up}}</ref> |
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| Jamke and Kathua (1802), Sujanpur (1803), Kasur (1804 and 1807), Amritsar (1805), Jhang (1807), Sialkot (1807), and across the Satluj (1806-08). He was also present in the expeditions against Find Dadan Khan (1809-10), Jalandhar (1810-11), Mandi (1811), Kulu (1811), Hazara (1813), Kashmir (1814), and the Yusufzai territories (1824).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=51|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n50/mode/1up}}</ref> | Jamke and Kathua (1802), Sujanpur (1803), Kasur (1804 and 1807), Amritsar (1805), Jhang (1807), Sialkot (1807), and across the Satluj (1806-08). He was also present in the expeditions against Find Dadan Khan (1809-10), Jalandhar (1810-11), Mandi (1811), Kulu (1811), Hazara (1813), Kashmir (1814), and the Yusufzai territories (1824).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=51|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n50/mode/1up}}</ref> |
| ===Nihal Singh Ahluwalia (1837–1852)=== | |
| After Fateh Singh's death, his elder son Nihal Singh succeeded him. Amar Singh, Nihal Singh's younger brother, plotted against him. Amar Singh's men attacked Nihal Singh, but he survived with minor injuries. Ranjit Singh intervened, directing Nihal Singh to provide Amar Singh with an annual allowance. Despite this, Amar Singh remained disloyal until his premature death, relieving Nihal Singh of his constant fear of being overthrown. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=48 |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n47/mode/1up}}</ref> | |
| ===Randhir Singh of Kapurthala (1861-1870)=== | |
| ===Rajas=== | |
| Nihal Singh's eldest son, Randhir Singh, succeeded him. Born in March 1831, he was a skilled ruler who supported the British during the 1857 Mutiny. His troops protected key locations in Jalandhar, earning praise and rewards from the British, including waived tribute and reduced annual payments. Randhir Singh and his brother also aided the British in Oudh in 1858, resulting in substantial estates for both brothers as rewards.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=55|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n54/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref> | |
| * [[Fateh Singh Ahluwalia]] (10 July 1801 – 20 October 1837) (b. 1784 – d. 1837)<ref>{{cite web |title=History {{!}} Kapurthala Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/history/ |publisher=Government of India |access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref><ref>[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/genpub/AFH9527.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext A history of the Sikhs, from the origin of the nation to the battles of the Sutlej.] Cunningham, Joseph Davey, 1812-1851., Garrett, H. L. O. ed. (Herbert Leonard Offley), 1881-1941</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Griffin |first1=Lepel Henry |title=Ranjit Singh |year=1892 |publisher=Oxford : Clarendon press |url=https://archive.org/details/ranjitsingh00grif}}</ref> | |
| ===Kharak Singh (1870–1877)=== | |
| * Nihal Singh (20 October 1837 – 13 September 1852) (b. 1817 – d. 1852) | |
| Kharak Singh, born in 1850, assumed the throne on May 12, 1870, after his father's passing. He announced plans for a college and hospital in his father's honor but soon fell ill with a brain ailment in 1874 upon his return from Bhagsu in Kangra district.The Raja died at Bhagsu on September 5, 1877.' He was cremated at Kapurthala.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=56|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n55/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref> | |
| * [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala|Randhir Singh]] (13 September 1852 – 12 March 1861) (b. 1831 – d. 1870)<ref name=":0" /> | |
| ===[[Maharaja Jagatjit Singh]] (1877 – 1948)=== | |
| Jagatjit Singh, born on November 23, 1872, ascended to the throne on November 17, 1877, following his father's passing. Due to his young age, British superintendents oversaw the state administration for several years. Upon reaching adulthood on November 24, 1890, he was granted ruling powers by Sir James Lyall, the then Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab, in a formal ceremony. Jagatjit Singh was known for his gentle and kind nature, ruling justly and considerately. He personally engaged in state affairs, leading Kapurthala to be recognized as one of India's well-governed states. Jagatjit Singh prioritized education, implementing free primary education across the state and establishing numerous high schools, including the renowned Randhir College in Kapurthala. He exercised full judicial authority, overseeing courts similar to those in British India and reviewing sentences of death and life imprisonment, although he never sanctioned the death penalty in any case.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Bhagat |title=History Of The Sikh Misals |date=1993 |publisher=Punjabi University |page=55|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-sikh-misals/page/n54/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref> | |
| ===Raja-i Rajgan=== | |
| * [[Randhir Singh of Kapurthala|Randhir Singh]] (12 March 1861 – 2 April 1870) (b. 1831 – d. 1870) | |
| * Kharak Singh (2 April 1870 – 3 September 1877) (b. 1850 – d. 1877) | |
| * [[Jagatjit Singh]] (3 September 1877 – 12 December 1911) (b. 1872 – d. 1949)<ref name=":0" /> | |
| ===Maharajas=== | |
| * [[Jagatjit Singh]] (12 December 1911 – 15 August 1947) (b. 1872 – d. 1949)<ref name=":0" /> | |
| *Paramjit Singh (b. 1892 - d. 1955) | |
| *[[Brigadier]] [[Sukhjit Singh (Soldier)|Sukhjit Singh]] [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]](b. 1934) | |
| ===Crown Prince=== | |
| * Tikka Raja Shatrujit Singh (b. 1961)<ref name="NDTV2009">{{cite web |title=An undivided India? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/news/the-big-fight/an-undivided-india-100356 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |accessdate=19 October 2020 |language=English |date=29 August 2009}}</ref> | |
| == Gallery == | == Gallery == |
Okumaya devam et...