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| [[File:BrotherhoodEconomics.png|thumb|Brotherhood Economics 1st Edition - Kagawa, Toyohiko - Harper & Brothers, 1936]] | [[File:BrotherhoodEconomics.png|thumb|Brotherhood Economics 1st Edition - Kagawa, Toyohiko - Harper & Brothers, 1936|315x315px]] |
| '''Brotherhood economics''' ({{lang-ja|兄弟経済}}; [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Kyōdai Keizai'') is a socio-economic concept associated with [[Toyohiko Kagawa]], a [[Christianity in Japan|Japanese Christian]] novelist and social reformer. It emerged in response to [[Japanese war crimes|Japanese army atrocities in China]], advocating for the application of Christian principles of love and compassion to economic challenges. Kagawa, influenced by his Christian faith and his aversion to warfare, critiqued prevailing political economies of his time—[[fascism]], [[History of communism in the Soviet Union|Soviet-style communism]], and [[capitalism]]—for their concentration of wealth and power, which perpetuated poverty. He proposed an alternative model where Christian churches, cooperatives, and pacifist organizations collaborate to foster small, local economies grounded in cooperation. | '''Brotherhood economics''' ({{lang-ja|兄弟経済}}; [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Kyōdai Keizai'') is a socio-economic concept associated with [[Toyohiko Kagawa]], a [[Christianity in Japan|Japanese Christian]] novelist and social reformer. It emerged in response to [[Japanese war crimes|Japanese army atrocities in China]], advocating for the application of Christian principles of love and compassion to economic challenges. Kagawa, influenced by his Christian faith and his aversion to warfare, critiqued prevailing political economies of his time—[[fascism]], [[History of communism in the Soviet Union|Soviet-style communism]], and [[capitalism]]—for their concentration of wealth and power, which perpetuated poverty. He proposed an alternative model where Christian churches, cooperatives, and pacifist organizations collaborate to foster small, local economies grounded in cooperation. |
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| Kagawa stresses the need to base economic revolution on society as a whole rather than any specific segment, asserting that the labor movement alone cannot accomplish necessary economic reconstruction. Additionally, he underscores the importance of a consumption system alongside production, suggesting that private ownership and enterprise could coexist with legislative intervention to safeguard the common good. While Kagawa's proposals include ambitious goals like eradicating corruption and relying on the spirit of the Cross to address economic challenges, he acknowledges the practical limitations and challenges associated with implementing cooperatives.<ref>Robinson, G. K. (1937). Recent Books. [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/481984 ''The Journal of Religion'', 17(2)], 243. University of Chicago Press. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1086/481984</nowiki></ref> | Kagawa stresses the need to base economic revolution on society as a whole rather than any specific segment, asserting that the labor movement alone cannot accomplish necessary economic reconstruction. Additionally, he underscores the importance of a consumption system alongside production, suggesting that private ownership and enterprise could coexist with legislative intervention to safeguard the common good. While Kagawa's proposals include ambitious goals like eradicating corruption and relying on the spirit of the Cross to address economic challenges, he acknowledges the practical limitations and challenges associated with implementing cooperatives.<ref>Robinson, G. K. (1937). Recent Books. [https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/481984 ''The Journal of Religion'', 17(2)], 243. University of Chicago Press. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1086/481984</nowiki></ref> |
| == Uses == | == Applications == |
| === Japan === | === Japan === |
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| === Toronto === | === Toronto === |
| Kagawa's op-op idea garnered significant popularity in North America. In the early thirties, the Kagawa Co-operating Committee, led by Richard Roberts, an interdenominational group of Canadian churchmen, was established in Toronto. This group, comprising about thirty individuals, frequently convened in retreats where they engaged in a blend of oriental meditation and prayer, both individually and collectively. Roberts communicated to Kagawa that their program was viewed as radical and experimental for Canadians, particularly given that no similar initiatives had been attempted within living memory in Protestant circles in Toronto.<ref>Socknat, T. P. (1981). [https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/14134/1/fulltext.pdf Witness Against War: Pacifism in Canada, 1900-1945] (Doctoral dissertation, McMaster University). Hamilton, Ontario. (pp. 290-291).</ref> | Kagawa's op-op idea garnered significant popularity in North America. In the early thirties, the Kagawa Co-operating Committee, led by Richard Roberts, an interdenominational group of Canadian churchmen, was established in Toronto. This group, comprising about thirty individuals, frequently convened in retreats where they engaged in a blend of oriental meditation and prayer, both individually and collectively. Roberts communicated to Kagawa that their program was viewed as radical and experimental for Canadians, particularly given that no similar initiatives had been attempted within living memory in Protestant circles in Toronto.<ref>Socknat, T. P. (1981). [https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/14134/1/fulltext.pdf Witness Against War: Pacifism in Canada, 1900-1945] (Doctoral dissertation, McMaster University). Hamilton, Ontario. (pp. 290-291).</ref> |
| == See also == | |
| * [[Toyohiko Kagawa]] | |
| * [[Christian socialism]] | |
| * [[Co-operative economics]] | |
| * [[Pacifism]] | |
| * [[Social economy]] | |
| == Further reading == | |
| * Kagawa, T. (1936). [[iarchive:brotherhoodecono0000toyo|Brotherhood Economics]] (Rauschenbusch lectures, Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, N. Y.). Matthew Gray. | |
| * | |
| == References == | == References == |
Okumaya devam et...