Communist peak and aftermath
Okumaya devam et...
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| ====Communist peak and aftermath==== | ====Communist peak and aftermath==== |
| [[File:Coat of arms of Botoșani County in the Socialist Rep. of Romania.svg|thumb|250px|Arms of [[Botoșani County]] during the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist period]]. The five-pointed star is a symbolic reference to Eminescu]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Botoșani County in the Socialist Rep. of Romania.svg|thumb|250px|Arms of [[Botoșani County]] during the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist period]]. The five-pointed star is a symbolic reference to Eminescu]] |
| The Morning Star reference peaked in usage under the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist regime]]. With the advent of [[Socialist realism in Romania|Socialist Realism]], Eminescu's political works were ignored, but ''Luceafărul'' remained in the textbooks, with commentary by Perpessicius and [[Alexandru Rosetti]].<ref name="mamanua"/> Mythical recovery was particularly strong during the final stages of [[National communism in Romania|national communism]], when, Negrici argues, Eminescu was publicly celebrated with "grotesque displays".<ref>Negrici, p. 75</ref> Both "Morning Star" and "Demiurge" were informal titles used in the [[Cult of personality|personality cult]] of [[President of Romania|President]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]].<ref>[[Dennis Deletant]], ''Ceaușescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965–1989''. London: [[M. E. Sharpe]], 1995. {{ISBN|1-56324-633-3}}</ref> The new arms of [[Botoșani County]], approved in 1972, featured an allegorical and [[Canting arms|canting]] representation of Eminescu as a five-pointed star.<ref>Dan Cernovodeanu, ''Știința și arta heraldică în România'', pp. 197–198. Bucharest: [[Editura științifică și enciclopedică]], 1977. {{OCLC|469825245}}</ref> In 1988, the [[Romanian Communist Party]] fabricated an Eminescu Pond in Ipotești, complete with [[neon lighting]] in the shape of a Morning Star.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} Cosmin Pătrașcu Zamfirache, [http://adevarul.ro/locale/botosani/...t-lumea-1_5450f18a0d133766a85769be/index.html "Lacul lui Eminescu de la Ipotești, un fals comunist construit acum 25 de ani cu 14 muncitori. Șeful de lucrări: '"*****" ancorat nuferii de fundul lacului cu nailon'"], in ''[[Adevărul]]'' (Botoșani edition), October 29, 2014</ref> During that period, [[Sabin Bălașa]] contributed a fresco of Hyperion for the halls of [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza University]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} Amalia Lumei, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023328/http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=3197 "''Convorbiri Literare'' 150"], in ''[[Apostrof]]'', Nr. 5/2017</ref> Young Romanian poets also took interest in the myth, with [[Ana Blandiana]] penning ''Octombrie, noiembrie, decembrie'' ("October, November, December"), which is in part a feminized version of ''Luceafărul''.<ref>D. Micu, "Eminescu și literatura română de azi", in ''Steaua'', Vol. XXVII, Issue 1, January 1976, p. 8</ref> | The Morning Star reference peaked in usage under the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|communist regime]]. With the advent of [[Socialist realism in Romania|Socialist Realism]], Eminescu's political works were ignored, but ''Luceafărul'' remained in the textbooks, with commentary by Perpessicius and [[Alexandru Rosetti]].<ref name="mamanua"/> Mythical recovery was particularly strong during the final stages of [[National communism in Romania|national communism]], when, Negrici argues, Eminescu was publicly celebrated with "grotesque displays".<ref>Negrici, p. 75</ref> Both "Morning Star" and "Demiurge" were informal titles used in the [[Nicolae Ceaușescu's cult of personality|personality cult]] of [[President of Romania|President]] [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]].<ref>[[Dennis Deletant]], ''Ceaușescu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965–1989''. London: [[M. E. Sharpe]], 1995. {{ISBN|1-56324-633-3}}</ref> The new arms of [[Botoșani County]], approved in 1972, featured an allegorical and [[Canting arms|canting]] representation of Eminescu as a five-pointed star.<ref>Dan Cernovodeanu, ''Știința și arta heraldică în România'', pp. 197–198. Bucharest: [[Editura științifică și enciclopedică]], 1977. {{OCLC|469825245}}</ref> In 1988, the [[Romanian Communist Party]] fabricated an Eminescu Pond in Ipotești, complete with [[neon lighting]] in the shape of a Morning Star.<ref>{{in lang|ro}} Cosmin Pătrașcu Zamfirache, [http://adevarul.ro/locale/botosani/...t-lumea-1_5450f18a0d133766a85769be/index.html "Lacul lui Eminescu de la Ipotești, un fals comunist construit acum 25 de ani cu 14 muncitori. Șeful de lucrări: '"*****" ancorat nuferii de fundul lacului cu nailon'"], in ''[[Adevărul]]'' (Botoșani edition), October 29, 2014</ref> During that period, [[Sabin Bălașa]] contributed a fresco of Hyperion for the halls of [[Alexandru Ioan Cuza University]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} Amalia Lumei, [https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023328/http://www.revista-apostrof.ro/articole.php?id=3197 "''Convorbiri Literare'' 150"], in ''[[Apostrof]]'', Nr. 5/2017</ref> Young Romanian poets also took interest in the myth, with [[Ana Blandiana]] penning ''Octombrie, noiembrie, decembrie'' ("October, November, December"), which is in part a feminized version of ''Luceafărul''.<ref>D. Micu, "Eminescu și literatura română de azi", in ''Steaua'', Vol. XXVII, Issue 1, January 1976, p. 8</ref> |
| Although interest in the poem was preserved after the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 Revolution]], it was largely confined to the private sphere. Ștefănescu noted that, by 2015, Hyperion was perhaps more famous than his creator, like [[Hamlet]] is to [[William Shakespeare]]. He also observed that the once-popular [[metonymy]] "Morning Star of Romanian poetry" (for Eminescu) had faded out of use, as "[[Wooden language|wooden tongue]] [...] relegated to official speeches."<ref name="așlcf"/> As a title, ''Luceafărul'' remained in use by trade unionists involved in the violent [[Mineriad]]s of the 1990s, applied to their leader [[Miron Cozma]].<ref>David A. Kideckel, "The Undead: Nicolae Ceaușescu and Paternalist Politics in Romanian Society and Culture", in John Borneman (ed.), ''Death of the Father: An Anthropology of the End in Political Authority'', p. 138. New York & Oxford: [[Berghahn Books]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-57181-111-7}}</ref> In his final book, published in 2000, philosopher [[Laurențiu Ulici]] argued that Hyperion had become recognized as one incarnation of the [[national psychology]], in an [[oxymoron]]ic blend: the other component was Caragiale's creation, the easy-going, cynical and prosaic [[Mitică]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [[Nicolae Balotă]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083317/http://www.romlit.ro/index.pl/ultima_carte "Ultima carte"], in ''[[România Literară]]'', Nr. 7/2001; [[Alex. Ștefănescu]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083550/http://www.romlit.ro/index.pl/petre_uea "Petre Țuțea"], in ''România Literară'', Nr. 40/2003</ref> | Although interest in the poem was preserved after the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 Revolution]], it was largely confined to the private sphere. Ștefănescu noted that, by 2015, Hyperion was perhaps more famous than his creator, like [[Hamlet]] is to [[William Shakespeare]]. He also observed that the once-popular [[metonymy]] "Morning Star of Romanian poetry" (for Eminescu) had faded out of use, as "[[Wooden language|wooden tongue]] [...] relegated to official speeches."<ref name="așlcf"/> As a title, ''Luceafărul'' remained in use by trade unionists involved in the violent [[Mineriad]]s of the 1990s, applied to their leader [[Miron Cozma]].<ref>David A. Kideckel, "The Undead: Nicolae Ceaușescu and Paternalist Politics in Romanian Society and Culture", in John Borneman (ed.), ''Death of the Father: An Anthropology of the End in Political Authority'', p. 138. New York & Oxford: [[Berghahn Books]], 2004. {{ISBN|1-57181-111-7}}</ref> In his final book, published in 2000, philosopher [[Laurențiu Ulici]] argued that Hyperion had become recognized as one incarnation of the [[national psychology]], in an [[oxymoron]]ic blend: the other component was Caragiale's creation, the easy-going, cynical and prosaic [[Mitică]].<ref>{{in lang|ro}} [[Nicolae Balotă]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083317/http://www.romlit.ro/index.pl/ultima_carte "Ultima carte"], in ''[[România Literară]]'', Nr. 7/2001; [[Alex. Ștefănescu]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083550/http://www.romlit.ro/index.pl/petre_uea "Petre Țuțea"], in ''România Literară'', Nr. 40/2003</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...