Undid revision 1222230577 by Markx121993 (talk) Not an improvement
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 01:07, 5 May 2024 |
| Line 5: | Line 5: |
| == Mythology == | == Mythology == |
| Enceladus was one of the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]], who (according to [[Hesiod]]) were the offspring of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], born from the blood that fell when [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]] was castrated by their son [[Cronus]].<ref>For the birth of the Giants see [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+185 185]. [[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface] gives [[Tartarus]] as the father of the Giants.</ref> The Giants fought [[Zeus]] and the other [[Twelve Olympians|Olympian gods]] in the Gigantomachy, their epic battle for control of the cosmos.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.1 1.6.1]</ref> A Giant named Enceladus, fighting [[Athena]], is attested in art as early as an [[Attica|Attic]] [[black-figure]] pot dating from the second quarter of the sixth century BC (Louvre E732).<ref>Gantz, pp. 450–451; Arafat, p. 16; Beazley [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/55A90360-6C37-47D9-A4DA-8A81196212C5 14590], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73a49a0ddfe9b-f 52 (Gigantes 170)]: [https://www.iconiclimc.ch/limc/imag...7a30b32a15a1693c3&total=4&term="Gigantes+170" image 4 of 4].</ref> In literature, references to the Giant occur as early as the plays of the fifth-century BC Greek tragedian [[Euripides]], where, for example, in Euripides' ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'', the chorus describes seeing on the late sixth-century [[Temple of Apollo (Delphi)|Temple of Apollo at Delphi]], Athena "brandishing her gorgon shield against Enceladus".<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Ion+206 205–218]. See also Euripides, ''[[Heracles (Euripides)|Heracles]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hoppe...6C623207413812A728B409D9381?doc=Eur.+Her.+906 906–908].</ref> Although traditionally opposed by Athena, [[Virgil]] and others have Enceladus being struck down by Zeus.<ref>See for example Cook 1925, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iShet_ZtHAC&pg=PA909 p. 909]; Arafat, p. 16. For Zeus as Enceladus' opponent see, for example, ''[[Batrachomyomachia]]'' ("Battle of Frogs and Mice"), [https://archive.org/stream/hesiodhomerichym1914hesi#page/560/mode/2up 277–283 (pp. 560–561)]; [[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+3.578 3.578 ff.]; [[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/statiuswithengli02statuoft#page/390/mode/2up 11.8 (pp. 390–391)]; [[Propertius]], ''Elegies'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=4UvjPOjjZeIC&pg=PA82 2.1.39–40 (pp. 82–83)]; [[Lucilius Junior]] (?), ''Aetna'' [https://archive.org/stream/aetna___00elliuoft#page/8/mode/2up 71–73 (pp. 8–9)]. See also [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/252/mode/2up 5.641–643 (pp. 252–253)] and [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/606/mode/2up 14.582–585 (pp. 606–607)] where, respectively, Enceladus is struck by Zeus, and buried under Sicily by Athena.</ref> In Euripides' comic [[satyr play]] ''[[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]'', [[Silenus]], the drunken companion of the wine god [[Dionysus]], boasts of having killed Enceladus with his spear.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0094:card=1 1–9]</ref> | Enceladus was one of the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]], who (according to [[Hesiod]]) were the offspring of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]], born from the blood that fell when [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]] was castrated by their son [[Cronus]].<ref>For the birth of the Giants see [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hes.+Th.+185 185]. [[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface] gives [[Tartarus]] as the father of the Giants.</ref> The Giants fought [[Zeus]] and the other [[Twelve Olympians|Olympian gods]] in the Gigantomachy, their epic battle for control of the cosmos.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.1 1.6.1].</ref> A Giant named Enceladus, fighting [[Athena]], is attested in art as early as an [[Attica|Attic]] [[black-figure]] pot dating from the second quarter of the sixth century BC (Louvre E732).<ref>Gantz, pp. 450–451; Arafat, p. 16; Beazley [http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/55A90360-6C37-47D9-A4DA-8A81196212C5 14590], ''LIMC'' [http://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/080e-73a49a0ddfe9b-f 52 (Gigantes 170)]: [https://www.iconiclimc.ch/limc/imag...7a30b32a15a1693c3&total=4&term="Gigantes+170" image 4 of 4].</ref> In literature, references to the Giant occur as early as the plays of the fifth-century BC Greek tragedian [[Euripides]], where, for example, in Euripides' ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'', the chorus describes seeing on the late sixth-century [[Temple of Apollo (Delphi)|Temple of Apollo at Delphi]], Athena "brandishing her gorgon shield against Enceladus".<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Ion (play)|Ion]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Eur.+Ion+206 205–218]. See also Euripides, ''[[Heracles (Euripides)|Heracles]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hoppe...6C623207413812A728B409D9381?doc=Eur.+Her.+906 906–908].</ref> Although traditionally opposed by Athena, [[Virgil]] and others have Enceladus being struck down by Zeus.<ref>See for example Cook 1925, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9iShet_ZtHAC&pg=PA909 p. 909]; Arafat, p. 16. For Zeus as Enceladus' opponent see, for example, ''[[Batrachomyomachia]]'' ("Battle of Frogs and Mice"), [https://archive.org/stream/hesiodhomerichym1914hesi#page/560/mode/2up 277–283 (pp. 560–561)]; [[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+3.578 3.578 ff.]; [[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/statiuswithengli02statuoft#page/390/mode/2up 11.8 (pp. 390–391)]; [[Propertius]], ''Elegies'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=4UvjPOjjZeIC&pg=PA82 2.1.39–40 (pp. 82–83)]; [[Lucilius Junior]] (?), ''Aetna'' [https://archive.org/stream/aetna___00elliuoft#page/8/mode/2up 71–73 (pp. 8–9)]. See also [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' (or ''Fall of Troy''), [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/252/mode/2up 5.641–643 (pp. 252–253)] and [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/606/mode/2up 14.582–585 (pp. 606–607)] where, respectively, Enceladus is struck by Zeus, and buried under Sicily by Athena.</ref> In Euripides' comic [[satyr play]] ''[[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]'', [[Silenus]], the drunken companion of the wine god [[Dionysus]], boasts of having killed Enceladus with his spear.<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Cyclops (play)|Cyclops]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0094:card=1 1–9].</ref> |
| The third-century BC poet [[Callimachus]] has Enceladus buried under the island of Sicily,<ref>[[Callimachus]], [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/342/mode/2up fr. 117 (382) (pp. 342–343)].</ref> and according to the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], Athena hurled the island of [[Sicily]] at the fleeing Enceladus during the Gigantomachy.<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.2 1.6.2]. See also Quintus Smyrnaeus, [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/606/mode/2up 14.582–585 (pp. 606–607)]</ref> The Latin poets [[Virgil]], [[Statius]] and [[Claudian]] all locate his burial under [[Mount Etna]],<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+3.578 3.578 ff.] (with Conington's [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0050:book=3:commline=578 note to 3.578]); Statius, ''Thebaid'' [https://archive.org/stream/statiuswithengli02statuoft#page/390/mode/2up 11.8 (pp. 390–391)]; [[Claudian]], ''Rape of Proserpine'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/304/mode/2up 1.153–159 (pp. 304–305)], [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/328/mode/2up 2.151–162 (pp. 328–331)], [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/358/mode/2up 3.186–187 (pp. 358–359)]. See also the poem ''Aetna'' (perhaps written by [[Lucilius Junior]]), [https://archive.org/stream/aetna___00elliuoft#page/8/mode/2up 71–73 (pp. 8–9)]; [[Philostratus]], ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofapollonius01phil#page/498/mode/2up 5.16 (pp. 498–501)].</ref> although other traditions had the monster [[Typhon]] or the [[Hundred-Hander]] [[Briareus]] buried under Etna.<ref>For Typhon, see [[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=P.:poem=1 1.15–29], ''Olympian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=O.:poem=4 4.6–7]; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hoppe...6720BF?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0010:card=343 353–374]; [[Nicander]], ''apud'' [[Antoninus Liberalis]] 28 (Celoria, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&pg=PA87 p. 87]); [[Ovid]], ''[[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/ovidsfasti00oviduoft#page/224/mode/2up 4.491–492 (pp. 224–225)], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=5:card=341 5.346 ff.] (which has Typhon buried under all of Sicily, with his left and right hands under [[Punta del Faro|Pelorus]] and [[Pachynus]], his feet under [[Lilybaeum|Lilybaeus]], and his head under Etna); [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]], ''Argonautica'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus2.html 2.23 ff.]; [[Marcus Manilius|Manilius]], ''Astronomica'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/manilius-astronomica/1977/pb_LCL469.151.xml 2.874–880 (pp. 150–151)]; [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], ''Hercules Furens'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.55.xml 46–62 (pp. 52–53)], ''Thyestes'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/se...2004/pb_LCL078.299.xml?result=22&rskey=QinWkK 808–809 (pp. 298–299)] (where the Chorus asks if Typhon has thrown the mountain (presumably Etna) off "and stretched his limbs"); Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.3 1.6.3]; [[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 152]; b scholia to ''Iliad'' 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFpd86J8PLsC&pg=PA59 pp. 59–60 no. 52]); Philostratus, ''Life of Apollonius of Tyana'' [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofapollonius01phil#page/498/mode/2up 5.16 (pp.498–501)]; [[Philostratus the Elder]], ''[[Imagines (work by Philostratus)|Imagines]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/imagines00philuoft#page/198/mode/2up 2.17.5 (pp. 198–201)]; Nonnus ''Dionysiaca'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/90/mode/2up 2.622–624 (I pp. 90–91)] (buried under Sicily). For Briareus see Callimachus, ''Hymn 4 (to Delos)'' [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/96/mode/2up 141–146 (pp. 96–97)]; Mineur, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mZU3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA153 p. 153].</ref> For some Enceladus was instead buried in Italy.<ref>[[Philostratus the Elder]], ''[[Imagines (work by Philostratus)|Imagines]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/imagines00philuoft#page/198/mode/2up 2.17.5 (pp. 198–201)].</ref> | The third-century BC poet [[Callimachus]] has Enceladus buried under the island of Sicily,<ref>[[Callimachus]], [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/342/mode/2up fragment 117 (382) (pp. 342–343)].</ref> and according to the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], Athena hurled the island of [[Sicily]] at the fleeing Enceladus during the Gigantomachy.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.2 1.6.2]. See also [[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], ''[[Posthomerica]]'' (or ''Fall of Troy''), [https://archive.org/stream/falloftroy00quin#page/606/mode/2up 14.582–585 (pp. 606–607)].</ref> The Latin poets [[Virgil]], [[Statius]] and [[Claudian]] all locate his burial under [[Mount Etna]],<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+A.+3.578 3.578 ff.] (with Conington's [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0050:book=3:commline=578 note to 3.578]); [[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/statiuswithengli02statuoft#page/390/mode/2up 11.8 (pp. 390–391)]; [[Claudian]], ''Rape of Proserpine'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/304/mode/2up 1.153–159 (pp. 304–305)], [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/328/mode/2up 2.151–162 (pp. 328–331)], [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/358/mode/2up 3.186–187 (pp. 358–359)]. See also the poem ''Aetna'' (perhaps written by [[Lucilius Junior]]), [https://archive.org/stream/aetna___00elliuoft#page/8/mode/2up 71–73 (pp. 8–9)]; [[Philostratus]], ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofapollonius01phil#page/498/mode/2up 5.16 (pp. 498–501)].</ref> although other traditions had the monster [[Typhon]] or the [[Hundred-Hander]] [[Briareus]] buried under Etna.<ref>For Typhon, see [[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=P.:poem=1 1.15–29], ''Olympian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=O.:poem=4 4.6–7]; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hoppe...6720BF?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0010:card=343 353–374]; [[Nicander]], ''apud'' [[Antoninus Liberalis]] 28 (Celoria, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&pg=PA87 p. 87]); [[Ovid]], ''[[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/ovidsfasti00oviduoft#page/224/mode/2up 4.491–492 (pp. 224–225)], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028:book=5:card=341 5.346 ff.] (which has Typhon buried under all of Sicily, with his left and right hands under [[Punta del Faro|Pelorus]] and [[Pachynus]], his feet under [[Lilybaeum|Lilybaeus]], and his head under Etna); [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]], ''Argonautica'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus2.html 2.23 ff.]; [[Marcus Manilius|Manilius]], ''Astronomica'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/manilius-astronomica/1977/pb_LCL469.151.xml 2.874–880 (pp. 150–151)]; [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]], ''Hercules Furens'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/seneca_younger-hercules/2002/pb_LCL062.55.xml 46–62 (pp. 52–53)], ''Thyestes'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/se...2004/pb_LCL078.299.xml?result=22&rskey=QinWkK 808–809 (pp. 298–299)] (where the Chorus asks if Typhon has thrown the mountain (presumably Etna) off "and stretched his limbs"); [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.3 1.6.3]; [[Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 152]; b scholia to ''Iliad'' 2.783 (Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFpd86J8PLsC&pg=PA59 pp. 59–60 no. 52]); [[Philostratus]], ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/lifeofapollonius01phil#page/498/mode/2up 5.16 (pp.498–501)]; [[Philostratus the Elder]], ''[[Imagines (work by Philostratus)|Imagines]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/imagines00philuoft#page/198/mode/2up 2.17.5 (pp. 198–201)]; [[Nonnus]] ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/90/mode/2up 2.622–624 (I pp. 90–91)] (buried under Sicily). For Briareus see [[Callimachus]], ''Hymn 4 (to Delos)'' [https://archive.org/stream/callimachuslycop00calluoft#page/96/mode/2up 141–146 (pp. 96–97)]; Mineur, [https://books.google.com/books?id=mZU3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA153 p. 153].</ref> For some Enceladus was instead buried in Italy.<ref>[[Philostratus the Elder]], ''[[Imagines (work by Philostratus)|Imagines]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/imagines00philuoft#page/198/mode/2up 2.17.5 (pp. 198–201)].</ref> |
| The Latin poet [[Horace]] has Enceladus use trees as spears.<ref>[[Horace]], ''Odes'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hor.+Od.+3.4 3.4.49–51].</ref> The second-century geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] reports that a [[Tegea]]n statue of Athena was called "horse goddess" because, according to a local account, Athena "drove the chariot and horses against Enceladus".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.47.1 8.47.1].</ref> Claudian calls Enceladus "all powerful king of the Earth-born giants",<ref>[[Claudian]], ''Rape of Proserpine'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/370/mode/2up 3.351 (pp. 370–371)]. However Apollodorus [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.1 1.6.1] has Porphyrion and Alcyoneus as the two most preeminent Giants, while [[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=P.:poem=8 8.12–18] has the Giant [[Porphyrion]], and [[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+7.59&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136 7.56–63] has the Giant Eurymedon, as king.</ref> and has Gaia, imagining the Giants victorious, propose that "Enceladus, rule the sea".<ref>[[Claudian]], ''Gigantomachia'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/282/mode/2up 32–33 (pp. 282–283)].</ref> | The Latin poet [[Horace]] has Enceladus use trees as spears.<ref>[[Horace]], ''Odes'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hor.+Od.+3.4 3.4.49–51].</ref> The second-century geographer [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] reports that a [[Tegea]]n statue of Athena was called "horse goddess" because, according to a local account, Athena "drove the chariot and horses against Enceladus".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.47.1 8.47.1].</ref> Claudian calls Enceladus "all powerful king of the Earth-born giants",<ref>[[Claudian]], ''Rape of Proserpine'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/370/mode/2up 3.351 (pp. 370–371)]. However Apollodorus [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.1 1.6.1] has Porphyrion and Alcyoneus as the two most preeminent Giants, while [[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0162:book=P.:poem=8 8.12–18] has the Giant [[Porphyrion]], and [[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+7.59&fromdoc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136 7.56–63] has the Giant Eurymedon, as king.</ref> and has Gaia, imagining the Giants victorious, propose that "Enceladus, rule the sea".<ref>[[Claudian]], ''Gigantomachia'' [https://archive.org/stream/claudia02clau#page/282/mode/2up 32–33 (pp. 282–283)].</ref> |
| Line 30: | Line 30: |
| == In later art and literature == | == In later art and literature == |
[[File arc de Versailles, Bosquet de l'Encelade, bassin 03.jpg|thumb|Gilt-bronze Enceladus by Gaspar Mercy in the ''Bosquet de l'Encélade'' in the [[gardens of Versailles]]]] | [[Filearc de Versailles, Bosquet de l'Encelade, bassin 03.jpg|thumb|Gilt-bronze Enceladus by Gaspar Mercy in the ''Bosquet de l'Encélade'' in the [[gardens of Versailles]]]] |
| At [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]], [[Louis XIV]]'s consistent iconographic theme of the triumphs of [[Apollo]] and the Olympians against all adversaries included the fountain of Enceladus in its own ''cabinet de verdure'', the [[Gardens of Versailles#Bosquet de l'Encélade|Bosquet de l'Encélade]], which was cut into the surrounding woodland and outlined by trelliswork; the ensemble has recently been restored. According to an engraving of the fountain by Le Pautre (1677), the sculptor of the gilt-[[bronze]] Enceladus was Gaspar Mercy of [[Cambrai]].<ref>"''Encelade de bronze dorée, accablé sous des rochers, et poussant en l'air un gros jet d'eau. / Dans les Jardins de Versailles. / Par Gaspar Mercy de Cambray. // Enceladus ex aere aurato, saxis obrutus, ingentem aquae vim ore euomens. / In hortis Versaliarum. / Opus Gasparis de Mercy Cameracensis.''" [http://elec.enc.sorbonne.fr/estampes/voir.php?titre=Encelade&Submit=Envoyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2006120...titre=Encelade&Submit=Envoyer|date=2006-12-01}}</ref> | At [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]], [[Louis XIV]]'s consistent iconographic theme of the triumphs of [[Apollo]] and the Olympians against all adversaries included the fountain of Enceladus in its own ''cabinet de verdure'', the [[Gardens of Versailles#Bosquet de l'Encélade|Bosquet de l'Encélade]], which was cut into the surrounding woodland and outlined by trelliswork; the ensemble has recently been restored. According to an engraving of the fountain by Le Pautre (1677), the sculptor of the gilt-[[bronze]] Enceladus was Gaspar Mercy of [[Cambrai]].<ref>"''Encelade de bronze dorée, accablé sous des rochers, et poussant en l'air un gros jet d'eau. / Dans les Jardins de Versailles. / Par Gaspar Mercy de Cambray. // Enceladus ex aere aurato, saxis obrutus, ingentem aquae vim ore euomens. / In hortis Versaliarum. / Opus Gasparis de Mercy Cameracensis.''" [http://elec.enc.sorbonne.fr/estampes/voir.php?titre=Encelade&Submit=Envoyer] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2006120...tampes/voir.php?titre=Encelade&Submit=Envoyer |date=2006-12-01 }}</ref> |
| [[William Shakespeare]] mentions "Enceladus" in ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'', Act 4, sc. 2, L 96. "I tell you younglings, not Enceladus."<ref>Folger Shakespeare Library – Titus Andronicus, page 136-137, copyright 2005</ref> | [[William Shakespeare]] mentions "Enceladus" in ''[[Titus Andronicus]]'', Act 4, sc. 2, L 96. "I tell you younglings, not Enceladus."<ref>Folger Shakespeare Library – Titus Andronicus, page 136-137, copyright 2005</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...