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[[Third Balochistan conflict]] refers to an insurgency by Baloch separatists against the Pakistani government lasting from 1963 till 1969 with the aim to force Pakistan to share revenues from gas reserves in Balochistan, freeing up of Baloch prisoners and dissolution of one unit policy.
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Third Baloch conflict
| partof = [[Insurgency in Balochistan]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1963 – 1969
| place = [[Balochistan]]
| result = Ceasefire
* General amnesty to militants
* Abolition of [[One Unit Scheme]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Parrari]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for Armed Resistance|PFAR]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Bugti militia]]
| units1 = {{army|Pakistan}}<br>{{air force|Pakistan}}
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Parrari]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for Armed Resistance|PFAR]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Bugti militia]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Muhammad Ayub Khan|Ayub Khan]]<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Yahya Khan]]
| commander2 ={{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Sher Mohammad Marri]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} Mir Ali Mengal
}}
==Background==
Following the introduction of a new [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|constitution in 1956]] which limited provincial autonomy and enacted the '[[One Unit]]' concept of political organisation in Pakistan. Tension continued to grow amid consistent political disorder and instability at the federal level. Multiple Baloch parliament members were dismissed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan.
==Insurgency==
[[Sher Mohammad Marri |Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri]] led like-minded militants into guerrilla warfare from 1963 to 1969 by creating their own insurgent bases. Their goal was to force Pakistan to share revenue generated from the [[Sui gas fields]] with the tribal leaders and lifting of [[One Unit Scheme]]. The insurgents bombed railway tracks and ambushed convoys and raided on military camps<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>.
===PFAR===
{{Main|Popular Front for Armed Resistance}}
Popular Front for Armed Resistance, or PFAR, was a terrorist outfit<ref name="satp"/><ref name="tt"/> formed during the 1960s.<ref name="satp">{{cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/pfar.htm|title=Popular Front for Armed Resistance|accessdate=5 May 2019|work=South Asia Terrorism Portal Index (SATP)}}</ref> The group is responsible for series of bomb blasts in Pakistan. Most of outfit's activists were trained in [[Afghanistan]]. For the outfit, Afghanistan was good place to obtain weaponry and others goods.<ref name="satp"/>
===Parrari===
{{Main|Parrari}}
Parrari or Parari was a terrorist outfit founded by [[Sher Mohammad Marri]] in the 1962. The outfit was responsible for series of attacks against Pakistani civilians and security forces. The outfit continued its attacks until 1969.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature|year=1988|last=J. Jongman|first=Albert|publisher=Transaction Publisher|isbn=1-4128-0469-8}}</ref>.[[Sher Mohammad Marri]] was the first [[Baloch people|Baloch]] to use the tactics of modern guerrilla warfare against the government. In early 1960s his Parari fighters attacked the [[Pakistani Armed Forces]] in the Marri area and in Jahlawan under Mir Ali Muhammad Mengal. This campaign came to an end in 1967 with the declaration of a [[general amnesty]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Farhan Hanif Siddiqi|title=The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0b0epgzkrz8C&pg=PA64|date=4 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-33696-6|pages=64–}}</ref>
===Bugti militia===
{{Main|Bugti militia}}
[[Bugti militia]] also actively partook in this conflict against [[Pakistan armed forces]].
==Military response==
The [[Pakistan Army]] retaliated by destroying the militant camps. [[Pakistan Army]] bombed multiple villages with separatist presence. [[Pakistan Air Force]] also led a bombing campaign on the tribal areas with separatist presence which
not only destroyed multiple separatist bases but also destroyed vast agricultural farmland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>
==Ceasefire and Aftermath==
This insurgency ended in 1969, with the Baloch separatists agreeing to a ceasefire granting general amnesty to the separatists as well as freeing the separatists. In 1970 Pakistani President [[Yahya Khan]] abolished the "[[One Unit Scheme|One Unit]]" policy,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/so...worsening-conflict-balochistan|title=Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]]|chapter=Asia Report No. 119|page=4|date=14 September 2006}}</ref> which led to the recognition of Balochistan as the fourth province of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan), including all the Balochistani princely states, the High Commissioners Province, and [[Gwadar]], an 800 km<sup>2</sup> coastal area purchased from [[Oman]] by the Pakistani government.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}
Okumaya devam et...
[[Third Balochistan conflict]] refers to an insurgency by Baloch separatists against the Pakistani government lasting from 1963 till 1969 with the aim to force Pakistan to share revenues from gas reserves in Balochistan, freeing up of Baloch prisoners and dissolution of one unit policy.
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Third Baloch conflict
| partof = [[Insurgency in Balochistan]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1963 – 1969
| place = [[Balochistan]]
| result = Ceasefire
* General amnesty to militants
* Abolition of [[One Unit Scheme]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Parrari]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for Armed Resistance|PFAR]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Bugti militia]]
| units1 = {{army|Pakistan}}<br>{{air force|Pakistan}}
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Parrari]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for Armed Resistance|PFAR]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Bugti militia]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Muhammad Ayub Khan|Ayub Khan]]<br>{{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Yahya Khan]]
| commander2 ={{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} [[Sher Mohammad Marri]]<br>{{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} Mir Ali Mengal
}}
==Background==
Following the introduction of a new [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|constitution in 1956]] which limited provincial autonomy and enacted the '[[One Unit]]' concept of political organisation in Pakistan. Tension continued to grow amid consistent political disorder and instability at the federal level. Multiple Baloch parliament members were dismissed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>. The federal government tasked the Pakistan Army with building several new bases in key areas of Balochistan.
==Insurgency==
[[Sher Mohammad Marri |Sher Muhammad Bijrani Marri]] led like-minded militants into guerrilla warfare from 1963 to 1969 by creating their own insurgent bases. Their goal was to force Pakistan to share revenue generated from the [[Sui gas fields]] with the tribal leaders and lifting of [[One Unit Scheme]]. The insurgents bombed railway tracks and ambushed convoys and raided on military camps<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>.
===PFAR===
{{Main|Popular Front for Armed Resistance}}
Popular Front for Armed Resistance, or PFAR, was a terrorist outfit<ref name="satp"/><ref name="tt"/> formed during the 1960s.<ref name="satp">{{cite web|url=https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/pfar.htm|title=Popular Front for Armed Resistance|accessdate=5 May 2019|work=South Asia Terrorism Portal Index (SATP)}}</ref> The group is responsible for series of bomb blasts in Pakistan. Most of outfit's activists were trained in [[Afghanistan]]. For the outfit, Afghanistan was good place to obtain weaponry and others goods.<ref name="satp"/>
===Parrari===
{{Main|Parrari}}
Parrari or Parari was a terrorist outfit founded by [[Sher Mohammad Marri]] in the 1962. The outfit was responsible for series of attacks against Pakistani civilians and security forces. The outfit continued its attacks until 1969.<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature|year=1988|last=J. Jongman|first=Albert|publisher=Transaction Publisher|isbn=1-4128-0469-8}}</ref>.[[Sher Mohammad Marri]] was the first [[Baloch people|Baloch]] to use the tactics of modern guerrilla warfare against the government. In early 1960s his Parari fighters attacked the [[Pakistani Armed Forces]] in the Marri area and in Jahlawan under Mir Ali Muhammad Mengal. This campaign came to an end in 1967 with the declaration of a [[general amnesty]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Farhan Hanif Siddiqi|title=The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan: The Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir Ethnic Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0b0epgzkrz8C&pg=PA64|date=4 May 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-33696-6|pages=64–}}</ref>
===Bugti militia===
{{Main|Bugti militia}}
[[Bugti militia]] also actively partook in this conflict against [[Pakistan armed forces]].
==Military response==
The [[Pakistan Army]] retaliated by destroying the militant camps. [[Pakistan Army]] bombed multiple villages with separatist presence. [[Pakistan Air Force]] also led a bombing campaign on the tribal areas with separatist presence which
not only destroyed multiple separatist bases but also destroyed vast agricultural farmland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/hi... Rehana Saeed Hashmi_52-1-15.pdf|title=Baloch ethnicity and history }}</ref>
==Ceasefire and Aftermath==
This insurgency ended in 1969, with the Baloch separatists agreeing to a ceasefire granting general amnesty to the separatists as well as freeing the separatists. In 1970 Pakistani President [[Yahya Khan]] abolished the "[[One Unit Scheme|One Unit]]" policy,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/so...worsening-conflict-balochistan|title=Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan |publisher=[[International Crisis Group]]|chapter=Asia Report No. 119|page=4|date=14 September 2006}}</ref> which led to the recognition of Balochistan as the fourth province of West Pakistan (present-day Pakistan), including all the Balochistani princely states, the High Commissioners Province, and [[Gwadar]], an 800 km<sup>2</sup> coastal area purchased from [[Oman]] by the Pakistani government.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}
Okumaya devam et...