GobsPint: Create page on regulatory transparency implementation
'''Sunlight before signing''' refers to an [[open government]] [[campaign pledge]] made during the [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]] to make non-emergency [[legislation|bills]] freely available [[online]] for a five day [[public comment]] period prior to signing.<ref name="Coglianese2009"/> As a [[2008 presidential candidate]], the initiative was part of the package of [[transparent government]] reforms that Obama advocated for.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Good Time for Transparency : Sunlight Foundation |url=https://sunlightfoundation.com/2008/11/07/a-good-time-for-transparency/ |publisher=[[Sunlight Foundation]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=Nov 7, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Coglianese2009">{{cite journal |last1=Coglianese |first1=Cary |title=The Transparency President? The Obama Administration and Open Government |journal=Governance |date=October 2009 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=529–544 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0491.2009.01451.x}}</ref><ref name="Umansky2008">{{cite news |last1=Umansky |first1=Eric |title=Obama Details Promises for Transparency |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/obama-details-promises-for-transparency-1107 |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[ProPublica]] |date=Nov 7, 2008}}</ref> The phrase stems from a quote by [[Supreme Court Justice]] that "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants."<ref name="Etzioni2010"/> The pledge was initially made in [[Manchester, NH]] on June 22, 2007.<ref name="Kelsch2016">{{cite book |last1=Kelsch |first1=Keith |title=The Political Optimist |date=13 February 2016 |isbn=978-0-9827313-5-2 |pages=198-199 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Political_Optimist/cHLbCwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 April 2024 |language=en |chapter=The Restoration of Common Consent}}</ref> The initiative was well-received, but was found to have inconsistent follow-though.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=Stefan |last2=Fengler |first2=Susanne |last3=Owetschkin |first3=Dimitrij |last4=Sittmann |first4=Julia |title=Cultures of Transparency: Between Promise and Peril |date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-37354-7 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cultures_of_Transparency/Fh4gEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |access-date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Eddlem2009"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Elliott |first1=Justin |title=The promises Obama wants you to keep forgetting |url=https://www.salon.com/2010/12/27/obama_promises/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=Salon |date=27 December 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=MALKIN |first1=MICHELLE |title=Obama's 'transparency' blinds |url=https://www.amarillo.com/story/opin...alkin-obamas-transparency-blinds/13313373007/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=Amarillo Globe-News |date=June 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Allow five days of public comment before signing bills |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-...five-days-of-public-comment-before-signing-b/ |publisher=[[PolitiFact]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=May 26, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Friedersdorf |first1=Conor |title=This Stay-at-Home Mom Gave Obama a Tougher Interview Than 60 Minutes |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politic...a-a-tougher-interview-than-60-minutes/273206/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Atlantic |date=15 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Klein |first1=Philip |title=Obama gets failing grade on “Sunlight Before Signing” pledge - Washington Examiner |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/...ling-grade-on-sunlight-before-signing-pledge/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=1 July 2011}}</ref>
The [[Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act]] was the first bill signed into law by [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] following his first week in office on January 29, 2009 and was not posted until after the signing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Carrie Budoff |title=Obama breaks five-day pledge |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/obama-breaks-five-day-pledge-018441 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Politico]] |date=Feb 5, 2009}}</ref>A review by the [[Cato Institute]] found that approximately 62% of non-emergency bills during the first term of the [[presidency of Barack Obama]] met the sunlight before sunshine pledge.<ref name="HarperCato2013">{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Sunlight Before Signing in Obama’s First Term |url=https://www.cato.org/blog/sunlight-signing-obamas-first-term |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=February 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2010">{{cite news |last1=Forbes |first1=Jordan |title=Sunlight Before Signing? |url=https://www.ntu.org/publications/detail/sunlight-before-signing |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[National Taxpayers Union]] |date=May 14, 2010 |language=en}}</ref>
{{external media
| width = 200px
| float = right
| video1 = [ Obama Sunlight before Signing Pledge], [[YouTube]]<ref name="Seelye2009"/>
}}
Though the promise was well-intentioned, it's implementation as-is would have limited impact as commenting on a passed bill is largely meaningless.<ref name="Seelye2009"/> As such, there was an effort to get bills posted online, earlier in the process.<ref name="Seelye2009"/>In 2009, when a congressional bill passed, a link would be posted to the [[Library of Congress]].<ref name="Seelye2009">{{cite news |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |title=White House Changes the Terms of a Campaign Pledge About Posting Bills Online |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/22/us/politics/22pledge.html?_r=2 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] (NYT) |date=22 June 2009}}</ref> There were a number of technical hurdles that had to be overcome to make it feasible.<ref name="Vargas2009">{{cite news |last1=Vargas |first1=Jose Antonio |title=Obama Team Finds It Hard to Adapt Its Web Savvy to Government |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/01/AR2009030101745.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=Washington Post |date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> Initially, links were posted on orphaned subpages of [[Whitehouse.gov]] domain, only accessible via the website's internal search engine and not discoverable via the sitemap or an external search engine, thus rendering them inaccessible.<ref name="Harper2013">{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Testimony of Jim Harper Director of Information Policy Studies The Cato Institute to the Committee on Oversight & Government Reform United States House of Representatives at a hearing entitled “Addressing Transparency in the Federal Bureaucracy: Moving Toward A More Open Government” |url=https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Harper-Testimony.pdf |publisher=Committee on Oversight & Government Reform |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=March 13, 2013|quote=One illustration of discoverability failure comes from early implementation of Obama’s “Sunlight Before Signing” promise on Whitehouse.gov. As a campaigner, Obama promised he would post bills online for five days prior to signing them. When the White House began to implement this practice early in the new administration, it began putting pages up on Whitehouse.gov for bills Congress had sent to the president. But these pages were not within the link structure that starts on the Whitehouse.gov homepage. A person (or search engine) following every link on Whitehouse.gov would not have arrived at these pages. The bills were literally posted on the Whitehouse.gov domain, but they were not discoverable in any practical sense. The only way to find them was to use Whitehouse.gov’s search engine, knowing ahead of time what terms to search for.}}</ref>
A 2008 campaign brochure described the ''Sunlight Before Signing'' imitative as follows:
{{Blockquote
|text=Too often bills are rushed through Congress and to the president before the public has the opportunity to review them. As president, Barack Obama will not sign any non-emergency bill without giving the American public an opportunity to review and give input on the White House website for five days. In addition to ensuring that the public has the ability to review legislation, the sunlight will help ensure that earmarks tucked into appropriations bills are exposed. And Obama will sign legislation in the light of day without attaching signing statements that undermine the legislative intent.
|author=[[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]]<ref name="SunlightBrochure">{{cite news |author1=[[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]] |title=The change we need in Washington - Stop wasteful spending and curb influence of special interests so government can tackle our great challenges |url=https://www.govexec.com/pdfs/092208ts1.pdf |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=Sep 22, 2008|quote=Sunlight Before Signing: Too often bills are rushed through Congress and to the president before the public has the opportunity to review them. As president, Barack Obama will not sign any non-emergency bill without giving the American public an opportunity to review and give input on the White House website for five days. In addition to ensuring that the public has the ability to review legislation, the sunlight will help ensure that earmarks tucked into appropriations bills are exposed. And Obama will sign legislation in the light of day without attaching signing statements that undermine the legislative intent. }}</ref><ref name="Eddlem2009">{{cite journal |last1=Eddlem |first1=Thomas R. |title=In the shadows of promise: evaluating Obama's campaign pledges. |journal=[[The New American]] |date=Aug 31, 2009|volume=25|issue=12|id={{Gale|A207112329}} }}</ref>
}}
In light of the lack of consistent implementation, the [[Sunlight Foundation]] also sought for 72-hour hold as part of its [[Read the Bill]] process reform initiative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Broken Promises — to Voters and the New York Times |url=https://web.archive.org/web/2015091...rg/blog/broken-promises-voters-new-york-times |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |date=July 10, 2009}}</ref>
*
In May 2009, the website [[Data.gov]] was launched as part of the open government initiative.<ref name="Etzioni2010">{{cite journal |last1=Etzioni |first1=Amitai |title=Is Transparency the Best Disinfectant? |journal=Journal of Political Philosophy |date=December 2010 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=389–404 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2010.00366.x}}</ref> Obama's focus on open government led to an increased interest in [[civic technology]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=JimHarper |first1= |title=We Need a More Machine-Readable Republic |url=https://www.aei.org/technology-and-innovation/we-need-a-more-machine-readable-republic/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[American Enterprise Institute]] |date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[eRulemaking]]
* [[Regulations.gov]]
* [[Sunlight Foundation]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Barack Obama}}
[[Category:Open government]]
[[Category:Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]]
[[Category:E-government in the United States]]
[[Category
olitics and technology]]
[[Category:Transparency (behavior)]]
Okumaya devam et...
'''Sunlight before signing''' refers to an [[open government]] [[campaign pledge]] made during the [[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]] to make non-emergency [[legislation|bills]] freely available [[online]] for a five day [[public comment]] period prior to signing.<ref name="Coglianese2009"/> As a [[2008 presidential candidate]], the initiative was part of the package of [[transparent government]] reforms that Obama advocated for.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Good Time for Transparency : Sunlight Foundation |url=https://sunlightfoundation.com/2008/11/07/a-good-time-for-transparency/ |publisher=[[Sunlight Foundation]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=Nov 7, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Coglianese2009">{{cite journal |last1=Coglianese |first1=Cary |title=The Transparency President? The Obama Administration and Open Government |journal=Governance |date=October 2009 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=529–544 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0491.2009.01451.x}}</ref><ref name="Umansky2008">{{cite news |last1=Umansky |first1=Eric |title=Obama Details Promises for Transparency |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/obama-details-promises-for-transparency-1107 |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[ProPublica]] |date=Nov 7, 2008}}</ref> The phrase stems from a quote by [[Supreme Court Justice]] that "Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants."<ref name="Etzioni2010"/> The pledge was initially made in [[Manchester, NH]] on June 22, 2007.<ref name="Kelsch2016">{{cite book |last1=Kelsch |first1=Keith |title=The Political Optimist |date=13 February 2016 |isbn=978-0-9827313-5-2 |pages=198-199 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Political_Optimist/cHLbCwAAQBAJ |access-date=25 April 2024 |language=en |chapter=The Restoration of Common Consent}}</ref> The initiative was well-received, but was found to have inconsistent follow-though.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=Stefan |last2=Fengler |first2=Susanne |last3=Owetschkin |first3=Dimitrij |last4=Sittmann |first4=Julia |title=Cultures of Transparency: Between Promise and Peril |date=19 April 2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-37354-7 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cultures_of_Transparency/Fh4gEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |access-date=25 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Eddlem2009"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Elliott |first1=Justin |title=The promises Obama wants you to keep forgetting |url=https://www.salon.com/2010/12/27/obama_promises/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=Salon |date=27 December 2010 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=MALKIN |first1=MICHELLE |title=Obama's 'transparency' blinds |url=https://www.amarillo.com/story/opin...alkin-obamas-transparency-blinds/13313373007/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=Amarillo Globe-News |date=June 5, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Allow five days of public comment before signing bills |url=https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-...five-days-of-public-comment-before-signing-b/ |publisher=[[PolitiFact]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=May 26, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Friedersdorf |first1=Conor |title=This Stay-at-Home Mom Gave Obama a Tougher Interview Than 60 Minutes |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politic...a-a-tougher-interview-than-60-minutes/273206/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Atlantic |date=15 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Klein |first1=Philip |title=Obama gets failing grade on “Sunlight Before Signing” pledge - Washington Examiner |url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/...ling-grade-on-sunlight-before-signing-pledge/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=1 July 2011}}</ref>
The [[Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act]] was the first bill signed into law by [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Barack Obama]] following his first week in office on January 29, 2009 and was not posted until after the signing.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Carrie Budoff |title=Obama breaks five-day pledge |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2009/02/obama-breaks-five-day-pledge-018441 |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Politico]] |date=Feb 5, 2009}}</ref>A review by the [[Cato Institute]] found that approximately 62% of non-emergency bills during the first term of the [[presidency of Barack Obama]] met the sunlight before sunshine pledge.<ref name="HarperCato2013">{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Sunlight Before Signing in Obama’s First Term |url=https://www.cato.org/blog/sunlight-signing-obamas-first-term |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=February 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Forbes2010">{{cite news |last1=Forbes |first1=Jordan |title=Sunlight Before Signing? |url=https://www.ntu.org/publications/detail/sunlight-before-signing |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[National Taxpayers Union]] |date=May 14, 2010 |language=en}}</ref>
{{external media
| width = 200px
| float = right
| video1 = [ Obama Sunlight before Signing Pledge], [[YouTube]]<ref name="Seelye2009"/>
}}
Though the promise was well-intentioned, it's implementation as-is would have limited impact as commenting on a passed bill is largely meaningless.<ref name="Seelye2009"/> As such, there was an effort to get bills posted online, earlier in the process.<ref name="Seelye2009"/>In 2009, when a congressional bill passed, a link would be posted to the [[Library of Congress]].<ref name="Seelye2009">{{cite news |last1=Seelye |first1=Katharine Q. |title=White House Changes the Terms of a Campaign Pledge About Posting Bills Online |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/22/us/politics/22pledge.html?_r=2 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] (NYT) |date=22 June 2009}}</ref> There were a number of technical hurdles that had to be overcome to make it feasible.<ref name="Vargas2009">{{cite news |last1=Vargas |first1=Jose Antonio |title=Obama Team Finds It Hard to Adapt Its Web Savvy to Government |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/01/AR2009030101745.html |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=Washington Post |date=March 2, 2009}}</ref> Initially, links were posted on orphaned subpages of [[Whitehouse.gov]] domain, only accessible via the website's internal search engine and not discoverable via the sitemap or an external search engine, thus rendering them inaccessible.<ref name="Harper2013">{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Testimony of Jim Harper Director of Information Policy Studies The Cato Institute to the Committee on Oversight & Government Reform United States House of Representatives at a hearing entitled “Addressing Transparency in the Federal Bureaucracy: Moving Toward A More Open Government” |url=https://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Harper-Testimony.pdf |publisher=Committee on Oversight & Government Reform |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=March 13, 2013|quote=One illustration of discoverability failure comes from early implementation of Obama’s “Sunlight Before Signing” promise on Whitehouse.gov. As a campaigner, Obama promised he would post bills online for five days prior to signing them. When the White House began to implement this practice early in the new administration, it began putting pages up on Whitehouse.gov for bills Congress had sent to the president. But these pages were not within the link structure that starts on the Whitehouse.gov homepage. A person (or search engine) following every link on Whitehouse.gov would not have arrived at these pages. The bills were literally posted on the Whitehouse.gov domain, but they were not discoverable in any practical sense. The only way to find them was to use Whitehouse.gov’s search engine, knowing ahead of time what terms to search for.}}</ref>
A 2008 campaign brochure described the ''Sunlight Before Signing'' imitative as follows:
{{Blockquote
|text=Too often bills are rushed through Congress and to the president before the public has the opportunity to review them. As president, Barack Obama will not sign any non-emergency bill without giving the American public an opportunity to review and give input on the White House website for five days. In addition to ensuring that the public has the ability to review legislation, the sunlight will help ensure that earmarks tucked into appropriations bills are exposed. And Obama will sign legislation in the light of day without attaching signing statements that undermine the legislative intent.
|author=[[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]]<ref name="SunlightBrochure">{{cite news |author1=[[Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]] |title=The change we need in Washington - Stop wasteful spending and curb influence of special interests so government can tackle our great challenges |url=https://www.govexec.com/pdfs/092208ts1.pdf |access-date=27 April 2024 |date=Sep 22, 2008|quote=Sunlight Before Signing: Too often bills are rushed through Congress and to the president before the public has the opportunity to review them. As president, Barack Obama will not sign any non-emergency bill without giving the American public an opportunity to review and give input on the White House website for five days. In addition to ensuring that the public has the ability to review legislation, the sunlight will help ensure that earmarks tucked into appropriations bills are exposed. And Obama will sign legislation in the light of day without attaching signing statements that undermine the legislative intent. }}</ref><ref name="Eddlem2009">{{cite journal |last1=Eddlem |first1=Thomas R. |title=In the shadows of promise: evaluating Obama's campaign pledges. |journal=[[The New American]] |date=Aug 31, 2009|volume=25|issue=12|id={{Gale|A207112329}} }}</ref>
}}
In light of the lack of consistent implementation, the [[Sunlight Foundation]] also sought for 72-hour hold as part of its [[Read the Bill]] process reform initiative.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harper |first1=Jim |title=Broken Promises — to Voters and the New York Times |url=https://web.archive.org/web/2015091...rg/blog/broken-promises-voters-new-york-times |access-date=27 April 2024 |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |date=July 10, 2009}}</ref>
*
In May 2009, the website [[Data.gov]] was launched as part of the open government initiative.<ref name="Etzioni2010">{{cite journal |last1=Etzioni |first1=Amitai |title=Is Transparency the Best Disinfectant? |journal=Journal of Political Philosophy |date=December 2010 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=389–404 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9760.2010.00366.x}}</ref> Obama's focus on open government led to an increased interest in [[civic technology]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=JimHarper |first1= |title=We Need a More Machine-Readable Republic |url=https://www.aei.org/technology-and-innovation/we-need-a-more-machine-readable-republic/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=[[American Enterprise Institute]] |date=11 January 2023}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[eRulemaking]]
* [[Regulations.gov]]
* [[Sunlight Foundation]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Barack Obama}}
[[Category:Open government]]
[[Category:Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign]]
[[Category:E-government in the United States]]
[[Category
olitics and technology]][[Category:Transparency (behavior)]]
Okumaya devam et...