Stromness Lifeboat Station

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{{Short description|Lifeboat station in Scotland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Stromness Lifeboat Station
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
<!-- images -->
| logo = Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg
| logo_size = 100px
| logo_caption =
| image = File:RNLI, Stromness - geograph.org.uk - 1727192.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = Stromness Lifeboat Station
<!-- map -->
| map_type = Scotland Orkney
| pushpin_relief = 2
| map_image =
| map_caption = Stromness, Orkney, Scotland
<!-- location -->
| location = The Lifeboat House
| address = 16 Victoria Street
| location_city = [[Stromness]], [[Orkney]], KW16 3AA
| location_country = [[Scotland]]
| coordinates = {{coord|58|57|48.0|N|3|17|51.8|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
<!-- stats -->
| former_names =
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| building_type = [[RNLI]] Lifeboat Station
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| opened_date = 1867
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| owner = [[File:Flag of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution.svg|border|23px]] [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
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| website = https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/stromness-lifeboat-station
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'''Stromness Lifeboat Station''' is located in the harbour town of [[Stromness]], the second largest town of [[Mainland, Orkney]], in the isles of [[Orkney]], [[Scotland]].

A lifeboat was first stationed here by the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] (RNLI) in 1867.<ref name="History">{{cite web |title=Stromness' Station history |url=https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/li...ss-lifeboat-station/station-history-stromness |publisher=RNLI |access-date=8 May 2024}}</ref>

Since 1998, the station has operated a {{Lbc|Severn}} All-weather lifeboat, 17-16 ''Violet, Dorothy and Kathleen'' (ON 1236).<ref name="LBES">{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Richie |last2=Denton |first2=Tony |title=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2024|date=2024 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=4–132}}</ref>
[[File:RNLI lifeboat in Stromness Harbour - geograph.org.uk - 1342115.jpg|300px]]
==History==
On 1 January 1866, the ''Albion'' was wrecked on [[Graemsay]], one of the Orkney Islands island. Fortunately 90 people survived, but 10 lives were lost. Following this event, a request was made to the RNLI to open a lifeboat station in the area, and after a visit by their Inspector of Lifeboats, this was agreed. At the time, Stromness would be the most northerly of all the RNLI stations.<ref name="StromnessJM"/>

A boathouse was constructed at The Ness by Robertson & Smith, costing £144-19s-6d, An order for a 33-foot 10-oared self-righting lifeboat at £280 was placed with Forrestt of [[Limehouse]], London, and a launch-carriage cost a further £98-10s-0d. Transported to Stromness free of charge by the 'Aberdeen Steam Navigation company', and 'Edinburgh, Leith and Clyde Shipping company'. The boat arrived in Stromness in the summer of 1867. The lifeboat was provided out of a gift from [[Bradford]] manufacturer and philanthropist [[Titus Salt]], and was duly named ''Saltaire'' after his [[model village]] nearly [[Shipley, West Yorkshire|Shipley]] in [[Yorkshire]].<ref name="StromnessJM">{{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Jeff |title=The History of the Stromness Lifeboats |date=June 1999 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=1–46 |edition=2nd}}</ref>
[[File:Road round the Point of Ness - geograph.org.uk - 3643693.jpg|thumb|The Ness and former lifeboat house]]
An RNLI inspection in 1890 proved that The Ness was a difficult location to launch the boat. At a practice launch into a gale, it took over an hour to get the boat afloat. Whilst conditions still weren't perfect at Stromness, it was recommended that the boat be relocated to Stromness harbour and remain afloat. A new 42-foot 12-oared Self-righting lifeboat was ordered from McAlister of Dumbarton, funded by the [[Shepherds Friendly Society|Loyal Order of Ancient Shepherds (Ashton Order) Friendly Society]], and named ''Good Shepherd'' at a ceremony in [[Greenock]] on 16 May 1891. The boat arrived in Stromness on 15 June 1891.<ref name="StromnessJM"/>

Work began in 1900 on the construction of a new boathouse with roller slipway at Stromness harbour. Costing £1250, the boathouse was completed in 1902.<ref name="History"/>

RNLI trials of motor-powered lifeboats began in the early 1900s, using modified Pulling and Sailing lifeboats (lifeboats with oars and sails). In 1907, the RNLI placed an order with Thames Ironworks for four new purpose-built motor-powered lifeboats. The first of these was the £2,995 42-foot self-righting ''John A. Hay'' (ON 591), with a 30 hp petrol engine, providing 6.5 knots, funded from the legacy of Mr John Alexander Hay of Cheltenham. Setting out from London Docks on 15 April 1909, along with a similar boat for {{Lbs|Stromsay}}, she covered the 768 in 15 days, arriving in Stromness on 30 April.<ref name="StromnessJM"/>

On 15 June 1916, the [[HMS Hampshire (1903)|HMS Hampshire]] struck a mine off Marwick Head, just 12 north of Stromness, and sank with the loss of 737 lives, including that of [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener]]. There were only 12 survivors. There is speculation whether it would have made any difference given the conditions, but the lifeboat was never called out.<ref name="Hampshire">{{cite web |title=HMS Hampshire |url=https://www.scottishshipwrecks.com/hms-hampshire/ |website=Scottish Shipwrecks |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Old Lifeboat Station - geograph.org.uk - 5811611.jpg|thumb|left|Stromness 1926 Boathouse and slipway]]
[[Melville Dundas|Melville, Dundas and Whitsun, of Glasgow]] started construction of a replacement boathouse and roller-slipway in 1925, on the site of the previous boathouse. Costing £10,660, it was completed in 1926. However, when a new lifeboat was due for Stromness two years later, it was proposed that they receive a 60-foot {{Lbc|Barnett}} lifeboat, which would need to be kept afloat due to the size.
Honorary Secretary at Stromness, Mr George Thompson, travelled to London to meet RNLI 'Naval Architect' [[James Rennie Barnett]], and the result was the 51-foot Barnett (Stromness-class) lifeboat, suitable for slipway launches from a boathouse. As it turned out, the new Stromness lifeboat, ''J.J.K.S.W.'' (ON 702), would be the only one housed.<ref name="StromnessJM"/>

Stromness Lifeboat performed an exceptional service in 1930, but without a good outcome. On 28 March 1930, in gale conditions, the Aberdeen trawler ''Ben Doran'' was wrecked on [[Ve Skerries]], near [[Papa Stour]], on the west side of [[Shetland]]. Despite recent moves to locate a lifeboat in [[Lerwick]], there were no lifeboats based in Shetland. After all other rescue attempts failed, the Stromness lifeboat, being the nearest, was launched at 4:30pm on 30 March. In very poor conditions, the lifeboat first sailed to [[Scalloway]] as a staging point for food and a refuel, arriving at 7:30 "*****" on the 31 March, before heading around Shetland with a local Pilot, to Ve Skerries. All that was found was the wreck, and no survivors. The lifeboat headed back to Scalloway, before commencing the 16½ hour journey back to Stromness, arrriving at 11:00pm on 1 April. ''J.J.K.S.W.'' (ON 702) had been away for 55 hours, and travelled 320 miles.<ref name="Ben Doran">{{cite journal |title=Ben Doran |journal=The Lifeboat |date=June 1930 |volume=28 |issue=302 |url=https://lifeboatmagazinearchive.rnli.org/volume/28/302/ben-doran |access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

In 1998, Stromness received their latest lifeboat. A {{Lbc|Severn}} lifeboat, the largest type of the RNLI fleet, fitted with twin Caterpillar 3412 1200 bhp marine diesel engines, providing a top speed of 25 knots, and cost £1,580,000. Funded from the estate of the late Miss Violet Matton of [[Seaford, East Sussex]], and the wills of her two sisters, Dorothy and Kathleen, she was named 17-16 ''Violet, Dorothy and Kathleen'' (ON 1236).<ref name="LBES"/>

== Station honours ==
The following are awards made at Stromness<ref name="History"/><ref name="Lifeboat Gallantry">{{cite book |last1=Cox |first1=Barry |title=Lifeboat Gallantry |date=1998 |publisher=Spink & Son Ltd |isbn=0-907605-89-3}}</ref>

*'''[[Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution|RNLI Silver Medal]]'''
::Robert Leask Jnr, Farmer - 1873

::Robert Greig, Coxswain - 1908

*'''[[Awards of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution|RNLI Bronze Medal]]'''
::William Johnston, Coxswain - 1922

::William Johnston, Coxswain - 1929 (Second-Service Clasp)

*'''The Thanks of the Institution inscribed on Vellum'''
::The son of Robert Leask Jnr - 1873

::William Sinclair, Coxswain - 1953

::John Banks, Coxswain - 2002

*'''A Collective Letter of Thanks signed by the Chairman of the Institution'''
::James Flett, Coxswain - 1992
::John Banks, Second Coxswain - 1992
::Ronald Taylor, Mechanic - 1992
::James Adam, Assistant Mechanic - 1992
::Douglas Adam, crew member - 1992
::William Wilson, crew member - 1992
::Robert Craigie, crew member - 1992

*'''Letter of appreciation from the Danish Government'''
::Stromness Lifeboat Crew - 1939

*'''[[Order of the British Empire|Member, Order of the British Empire (MBE)]]'''
::George Linklater Thomson - 1941<ref name="ThomsonGL">{{cite web |title=Ordinary Members of the Civil Division of the said Most Excellent Order of the British Empire |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/35184/supplement/3292 |publisher=The Gazette |access-date=8 May 2024}}</ref>

==Stromness lifeboats==
===All-weather lifeboats===
{|class="wikitable"
! ON{{efn|ON is the RNLI's Official Number of the boat.}}
! Op. No.{{efn|name=Op|Op. No. is the RNLI's Operational Number of the boat carried on the hull.}}
! Name
! In service<ref name="LBES 2021">{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=Richie |last2=Denton |first2=Tony |title=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Handbook 2021 |date=2021 |publisher=Lifeboat Enthusiasts Society |pages=2–120}}</ref>
! Class
! Comments
|-
| 286
| –
| ''Saltaire''
| 1867−1891
| 33-foot Self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>33-foot 10-oared Self-righting (P&S) lifeboat, built by Forrestt of [[Limehouse]], London</ref>
|-
| 299
| –
| ''Good Shepherd''
| 1891−1909
| 42-foot 6in Self-righting (P&S)
| <ref group=Note>42-foot 6in 12-oared Self-righting (P&S) lifeboat, built by McAlister of Dumbarton</ref>
|-
| 561
| –
| ''John A. Hay''
| 1909−1928
| 42-foot Self-righting (motor)
| First purpose-built motor-powered lifeboat<br/><ref group=Note>42-foot Self-righting (motor), built by Thames Ironworks</ref>
|-
| 702
| –
| ''J.J.K.S.W.''
| 1928−1955
| [[Barnett-class lifeboat|51-foot Barnett]]
|
|-
| 924
| –
| ''Archibald and Alexander M. Patterson''
| 1955−1984
| [[Barnett-class lifeboat|52-foot Barnett]]
|
|-
| 1099
| 52-29
| ''The Joseph Rothwell Sykes and Hilda M.''
| 1984−1998
| {{Lbb|Arun}}
|
|-
| 1236
| 17-16
| ''Violet, Dorothy and Kathleen''
| 1998−
| {{Lbb|Severn}}
|
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[List of RNLI stations]]
* [[List of former RNLI stations]]
* [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
* [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/lifeboat-stations/stromness-lifeboat-station RNLI station information]

[[Category:Royal National Lifeboat Institution]]
[[Category:Royal National Lifeboat Institution lifeboats]]
[[Category:Lifeboat stations in Scotland]]

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