State-owned enterprises of China

News · 2 May 2024

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← Previous revision	Revision as of 03:20, 2 May 2024
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A '''state-owned enterprise''' '''of China''' ([[Chinese language\|Chinese]]: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes [[commerce\|commercial]] activities on behalf of an owner [[Government of China\|government]].	A '''state-owned enterprise''' '''of China''' ([[Chinese language\|Chinese]]: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes [[commerce\|commercial]] activities on behalf of an owner [[Government of China\|government]].

The legal statuses of [[State-owned enterprise\|state-owned enterprises]] (SOEs) in China varies greatly, from being a part of government to [[joint-stock company\|stock companies,]] with the state as a regular or controlling [[shareholder\|stockholder]]. There is no standard definition of a government-owned corporation (GOC) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), and the two terms are often used interchangeably. The defining characteristics are that they have a distinct legal shape and they are established to operate in commercial affairs.{{citation needed\|date=August 2023}}

{{As of\|2017}}, China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies.{{sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022}}{{pn\|date=April 2024}} As of the end of 2019, China's SOEs represented 4.5% of the global economy<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Wei \|first=Lingling \|date=2020-12-10 \|title=China's Xi Ramps Up Control of Private Sector. 'We Have No Choice but to Follow the Party.' \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-xi-clampdown-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=2022-08-22 \|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] \|language=en-US \|issn=0099-9660 \|archive-date=2022-08-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022082...wn-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and the total assets of all China's SOEs, including those operating in the financial sector, reached US$78.08{{nbs}}trillion.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie Tek \|date=17 October 2020 \|title=China State Firms' Assets grow even as the Government presses for lighter debt \|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=[[Caixin]] \|archive-date=7 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107171324/https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>	{{As of\|2017}}, China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies.{{sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022}}{{pn\|date=April 2024}} As of the end of 2019, China's SOEs represented 4.5% of the global economy<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Wei \|first=Lingling \|date=2020-12-10 \|title=China's Xi Ramps Up Control of Private Sector. 'We Have No Choice but to Follow the Party.' \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-xi-clampdown-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=2022-08-22 \|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] \|language=en-US \|issn=0099-9660 \|archive-date=2022-08-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022082...wn-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and the total assets of all China's SOEs, including those operating in the financial sector, reached US$78.08{{nbs}}trillion.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie Tek \|date=17 October 2020 \|title=China State Firms' Assets grow even as the Government presses for lighter debt \|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=[[Caixin]] \|archive-date=7 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107171324/https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China's [[market capitalization]] in 2019<ref>{{cite web \|last=Hissey \|first=Ian \|date=17 December 2019 \|title=Investing in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises \|url=https://insight.factset.com/investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|access-date=15 March 2021 \|website=insight.factset.com \|archive-date=18 April 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021041.../investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|url-status=live }}</ref> and estimates suggest that they generated about 23-28% of China's [[Gross domestic product\|GDP]] in 2017 and employ between 5% and 16% of the [[workforce]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Zhang \|first=Chunlin \|date=15 July 2019 \|title=How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China's GDP and Employment? \|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/cu...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023081...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|archive-date=13 August 2023 \|access-date=22 April 2024 \|website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Ninety-one (91) of these SOEs belong to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 companies.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie tek \|date=18 August 2020 \|title=The Biggest but not the Strongest: China's place in the Fortune Global 500 \|url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/trustee-china-hand/biggest-not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=www.csis.org \|archive-date=7 October 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020100...not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|url-status=live }}</ref>	State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China's [[market capitalization]] in 2019<ref>{{cite web \|last=Hissey \|first=Ian \|date=17 December 2019 \|title=Investing in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises \|url=https://insight.factset.com/investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|access-date=15 March 2021 \|website=insight.factset.com \|archive-date=18 April 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021041.../investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|url-status=live }}</ref> and estimates suggest that they generated about 23-28% of China's [[Gross domestic product\|GDP]] in 2017 and employ between 5% and 16% of the [[workforce]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Zhang \|first=Chunlin \|date=15 July 2019 \|title=How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China's GDP and Employment? \|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/cu...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023081...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|archive-date=13 August 2023 \|access-date=22 April 2024 \|website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Ninety-one (91) of these SOEs belong to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 companies.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie tek \|date=18 August 2020 \|title=The Biggest but not the Strongest: China's place in the Fortune Global 500 \|url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/trustee-china-hand/biggest-not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=www.csis.org \|archive-date=7 October 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020100...not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	The role of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in SOEs has varied at different periods but has increased during the [[Xi Jinping Administration\|Xi Jinping administration]], with the CCP formally taking a commanding role in all SOEs as of 2020.<ref name="merics222">{{cite news \|last1=Drinhausen \|first1=Katja \|last2=Legarda \|first2=Helena \|date=15 September 2022 \|title="Comprehensive National Security" unleashed: How Xi's approach shapes China's policies at home and abroad \|url=https://www.merics.org/en/report/co...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023020...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|archive-date=8 February 2023 \|access-date=15 February 2023 \|publisher=Mercator Institute for China Studies}}</ref><ref name="wang202">{{Cite news \|last1=Wang \|first1=Orange \|last2=Xin \|first2=Zhou \|date=January 8, 2020 \|title=China cements Communist Party's role at top of its SOEs, should 'execute the will of the party' \|url= Yükleniyor… www.scmp.com -economy/article/3045053/china-cements-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020010...nts-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should \|archive-date=January 8, 2020 \|access-date=January 8, 2020 \|work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> For example, [[Lai Xiaomin]], the former president of state-owned [[China Huarong Asset Management]] announced in 2015 that during the operation of China Huarong Asset Management, the embedded CCP [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary\|committee]] will play a central role, and party members will play an exemplary role.<ref>{{cite web \|title=《中国华融党委书记、董事长赖小民赴广东分公司调研强调全系统要总结、学习、推广"广东经验"助推中国华融转型发展》 \|url=http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827022726/http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|archive-date=2020-08-27 \|access-date=2020-08-26}}</ref> As Jin et al. wrote in 2022,<ref name="jin222">{{cite journal \|last1=Jin \|first1=Xiankun \|last2=Xu \|first2=Liping \|last3=Xin \|first3=Yu \|last4=Adhikari \|first4=Ajay \|year=2022 \|title=Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises \|journal=China Journal of Accounting Research \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|page=100236 \|doi=10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100236 \|s2cid=248617625 \|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{cquote\|The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership, state ownership, Party cadre management, Party participation in corporate decision-making, and intra-Party supervision.
}}

CCP branches within China's SOEs are the governing bodies which make important decisions and inculcate its [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party\|ideology]].{{Sfn\|Marquis\|Qiao\|2022\|p=14}}

== Role ==	== Role ==
Line 43:	Line 48:

=== Under Xi Jinping ===	=== Under Xi Jinping ===
	The role of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in SOEs has varied at different periods but has increased during [[Xi Jinping]]'s [[China under Xi Jinping\|administration]], with the CCP formally taking a commanding role in all SOEs as of 2020.<ref name="merics22">{{cite news \|last1=Drinhausen \|first1=Katja \|last2=Legarda \|first2=Helena \|title="Comprehensive National Security" unleashed: How Xi's approach shapes China's policies at home and abroad \|url=https://www.merics.org/en/report/co...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|publisher=Mercator Institute for China Studies \|date=15 September 2022 \|access-date=15 February 2023 \|archive-date=8 February 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023020...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=wang20>{{Cite news\|url= Yükleniyor… www.scmp.com \|title=China cements Communist Party's role at top of its SOEs, should 'execute the will of the party'\|last1=Wang\|first1=Orange\|date=January 8, 2020\|work=[[South China Morning Post]]\|access-date=January 8, 2020\|last2=Xin\|first2=Zhou\|archive-date=January 8, 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020010...ts-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should\|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, [[Lai Xiaomin]], the former president of state-owned [[China Huarong Asset Management]] announced in 2015 that during the operation of China Huarong Asset Management, the embedded CCP [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary\|committee]] will play a central role, and party members will play an exemplary role.<ref>{{cite web \|title=《中国华融党委书记、董事长赖小民赴广东分公司调研强调全系统要总结、学习、推广"广东经验"助推中国华融转型发展》\|url=http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|access-date=2020-08-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827022726/http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347\|archive-date = 2020-08-27}}</ref> As Jin et al. wrote in 2022,<ref name="jin22">{{cite journal \|doi=10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100236\|title=Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises \|year=2022 \|last1=Jin \|first1=Xiankun \|last2=Xu \|first2=Liping \|last3=Xin \|first3=Yu \|last4=Adhikari \|first4=Ajay \|journal=China Journal of Accounting Research \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|page=100236 \|s2cid=248617625 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The pace of SOE mergers has increased under Xi.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}} The goals of China's current SOE mergers include an effort to create larger and more competitive [[national champions]] with a bigger global market share by reducing price competition among SOEs abroad and increasing vertical integration.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}}	The pace of SOE mergers has increased under Xi.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}} The goals of China's current SOE mergers include an effort to create larger and more competitive [[national champions]] with a bigger global market share by reducing price competition among SOEs abroad and increasing vertical integration.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}}

Okumaya devam et...

← Previous revision	Revision as of 03:20, 2 May 2024
Line 3:	Line 3:

A '''state-owned enterprise''' '''of China''' ([[Chinese language\|Chinese]]: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes [[commerce\|commercial]] activities on behalf of an owner [[Government of China\|government]].	A '''state-owned enterprise''' '''of China''' ([[Chinese language\|Chinese]]: 国有企业) is a legal entity that undertakes [[commerce\|commercial]] activities on behalf of an owner [[Government of China\|government]].

The legal statuses of [[State-owned enterprise\|state-owned enterprises]] (SOEs) in China varies greatly, from being a part of government to [[joint-stock company\|stock companies,]] with the state as a regular or controlling [[shareholder\|stockholder]]. There is no standard definition of a government-owned corporation (GOC) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), and the two terms are often used interchangeably. The defining characteristics are that they have a distinct legal shape and they are established to operate in commercial affairs.{{citation needed\|date=August 2023}}

{{As of\|2017}}, China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies.{{sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022}}{{pn\|date=April 2024}} As of the end of 2019, China's SOEs represented 4.5% of the global economy<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Wei \|first=Lingling \|date=2020-12-10 \|title=China's Xi Ramps Up Control of Private Sector. 'We Have No Choice but to Follow the Party.' \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-xi-clampdown-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=2022-08-22 \|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] \|language=en-US \|issn=0099-9660 \|archive-date=2022-08-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022082...wn-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and the total assets of all China's SOEs, including those operating in the financial sector, reached US$78.08{{nbs}}trillion.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie Tek \|date=17 October 2020 \|title=China State Firms' Assets grow even as the Government presses for lighter debt \|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=[[Caixin]] \|archive-date=7 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107171324/https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>	{{As of\|2017}}, China has more SOEs than any other country, and the most SOEs among large national companies.{{sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022}}{{pn\|date=April 2024}} As of the end of 2019, China's SOEs represented 4.5% of the global economy<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Wei \|first=Lingling \|date=2020-12-10 \|title=China's Xi Ramps Up Control of Private Sector. 'We Have No Choice but to Follow the Party.' \|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-xi-clampdown-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-access=subscription \|access-date=2022-08-22 \|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] \|language=en-US \|issn=0099-9660 \|archive-date=2022-08-21 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022082...wn-private-sector-communist-party-11607612531 \|url-status=live }}</ref> and the total assets of all China's SOEs, including those operating in the financial sector, reached US$78.08{{nbs}}trillion.<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie Tek \|date=17 October 2020 \|title=China State Firms' Assets grow even as the Government presses for lighter debt \|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=[[Caixin]] \|archive-date=7 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107171324/https://www.caixinglobal.com/ \|url-status=live }}</ref>

State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China's [[market capitalization]] in 2019<ref>{{cite web \|last=Hissey \|first=Ian \|date=17 December 2019 \|title=Investing in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises \|url=https://insight.factset.com/investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|access-date=15 March 2021 \|website=insight.factset.com \|archive-date=18 April 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021041.../investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|url-status=live }}</ref> and estimates suggest that they generated about 23-28% of China's [[Gross domestic product\|GDP]] in 2017 and employ between 5% and 16% of the [[workforce]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Zhang \|first=Chunlin \|date=15 July 2019 \|title=How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China's GDP and Employment? \|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/cu...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023081...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|archive-date=13 August 2023 \|access-date=22 April 2024 \|website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Ninety-one (91) of these SOEs belong to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 companies.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie tek \|date=18 August 2020 \|title=The Biggest but not the Strongest: China's place in the Fortune Global 500 \|url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/trustee-china-hand/biggest-not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=www.csis.org \|archive-date=7 October 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020100...not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|url-status=live }}</ref>	State-owned enterprises accounted for over 60% of China's [[market capitalization]] in 2019<ref>{{cite web \|last=Hissey \|first=Ian \|date=17 December 2019 \|title=Investing in Chinese State-Owned Enterprises \|url=https://insight.factset.com/investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|access-date=15 March 2021 \|website=insight.factset.com \|archive-date=18 April 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2021041.../investing-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises \|url-status=live }}</ref> and estimates suggest that they generated about 23-28% of China's [[Gross domestic product\|GDP]] in 2017 and employ between 5% and 16% of the [[workforce]].<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Zhang \|first=Chunlin \|date=15 July 2019 \|title=How Much Do State-Owned Enterprises Contribute to China's GDP and Employment? \|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/cu...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023081...-Contribute-to-China-s-GDP-and-Employment.pdf \|archive-date=13 August 2023 \|access-date=22 April 2024 \|website=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Ninety-one (91) of these SOEs belong to the 2020 Fortune Global 500 companies.<ref>{{cite web \|last=Tjan \|first=Sie tek \|date=18 August 2020 \|title=The Biggest but not the Strongest: China's place in the Fortune Global 500 \|url=https://www.csis.org/blogs/trustee-china-hand/biggest-not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|access-date=19 October 2020 \|website=www.csis.org \|archive-date=7 October 2020 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020100...not-strongest-chinas-place-fortune-global-500 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	The role of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in SOEs has varied at different periods but has increased during the [[Xi Jinping Administration\|Xi Jinping administration]], with the CCP formally taking a commanding role in all SOEs as of 2020.<ref name="merics222">{{cite news \|last1=Drinhausen \|first1=Katja \|last2=Legarda \|first2=Helena \|date=15 September 2022 \|title="Comprehensive National Security" unleashed: How Xi's approach shapes China's policies at home and abroad \|url=https://www.merics.org/en/report/co...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023020...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|archive-date=8 February 2023 \|access-date=15 February 2023 \|publisher=Mercator Institute for China Studies}}</ref><ref name="wang202">{{Cite news \|last1=Wang \|first1=Orange \|last2=Xin \|first2=Zhou \|date=January 8, 2020 \|title=China cements Communist Party's role at top of its SOEs, should 'execute the will of the party' \|url= Yükleniyor… www.scmp.com -economy/article/3045053/china-cements-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020010...nts-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should \|archive-date=January 8, 2020 \|access-date=January 8, 2020 \|work=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref> For example, [[Lai Xiaomin]], the former president of state-owned [[China Huarong Asset Management]] announced in 2015 that during the operation of China Huarong Asset Management, the embedded CCP [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary\|committee]] will play a central role, and party members will play an exemplary role.<ref>{{cite web \|title=《中国华融党委书记、董事长赖小民赴广东分公司调研强调全系统要总结、学习、推广"广东经验"助推中国华融转型发展》 \|url=http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827022726/http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|archive-date=2020-08-27 \|access-date=2020-08-26}}</ref> As Jin et al. wrote in 2022,<ref name="jin222">{{cite journal \|last1=Jin \|first1=Xiankun \|last2=Xu \|first2=Liping \|last3=Xin \|first3=Yu \|last4=Adhikari \|first4=Ajay \|year=2022 \|title=Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises \|journal=China Journal of Accounting Research \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|page=100236 \|doi=10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100236 \|s2cid=248617625 \|doi-access=free}}</ref>

{{cquote\|The overarching principle of SOE reform is to firmly implement the Party’s leadership and the modern enterprise system. This principle creates a political governance system in China’s SOEs—a Party-dominated governance system characterized by Party leadership, state ownership, Party cadre management, Party participation in corporate decision-making, and intra-Party supervision.
}}

CCP branches within China's SOEs are the governing bodies which make important decisions and inculcate its [[Ideology of the Chinese Communist Party\|ideology]].{{Sfn\|Marquis\|Qiao\|2022\|p=14}}

== Role ==	== Role ==
Line 43:	Line 48:

=== Under Xi Jinping ===	=== Under Xi Jinping ===
	The role of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) in SOEs has varied at different periods but has increased during [[Xi Jinping]]'s [[China under Xi Jinping\|administration]], with the CCP formally taking a commanding role in all SOEs as of 2020.<ref name="merics22">{{cite news \|last1=Drinhausen \|first1=Katja \|last2=Legarda \|first2=Helena \|title="Comprehensive National Security" unleashed: How Xi's approach shapes China's policies at home and abroad \|url=https://www.merics.org/en/report/co...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|publisher=Mercator Institute for China Studies \|date=15 September 2022 \|access-date=15 February 2023 \|archive-date=8 February 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023020...-xis-approach-shapes-chinas-policies-home-and \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=wang20>{{Cite news\|url= Yükleniyor… www.scmp.com \|title=China cements Communist Party's role at top of its SOEs, should 'execute the will of the party'\|last1=Wang\|first1=Orange\|date=January 8, 2020\|work=[[South China Morning Post]]\|access-date=January 8, 2020\|last2=Xin\|first2=Zhou\|archive-date=January 8, 2020\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020010...ts-communist-partys-role-top-its-soes-should\|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, [[Lai Xiaomin]], the former president of state-owned [[China Huarong Asset Management]] announced in 2015 that during the operation of China Huarong Asset Management, the embedded CCP [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary\|committee]] will play a central role, and party members will play an exemplary role.<ref>{{cite web \|title=《中国华融党委书记、董事长赖小民赴广东分公司调研强调全系统要总结、学习、推广"广东经验"助推中国华融转型发展》\|url=http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347 \|access-date=2020-08-26\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200827022726/http://m.hiqyj.com/list.asp?num=17347\|archive-date = 2020-08-27}}</ref> As Jin et al. wrote in 2022,<ref name="jin22">{{cite journal \|doi=10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100236\|title=Political governance in China's state-owned enterprises \|year=2022 \|last1=Jin \|first1=Xiankun \|last2=Xu \|first2=Liping \|last3=Xin \|first3=Yu \|last4=Adhikari \|first4=Ajay \|journal=China Journal of Accounting Research \|volume=15 \|issue=2 \|page=100236 \|s2cid=248617625 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The pace of SOE mergers has increased under Xi.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}} The goals of China's current SOE mergers include an effort to create larger and more competitive [[national champions]] with a bigger global market share by reducing price competition among SOEs abroad and increasing vertical integration.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}}	The pace of SOE mergers has increased under Xi.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}} The goals of China's current SOE mergers include an effort to create larger and more competitive [[national champions]] with a bigger global market share by reducing price competition among SOEs abroad and increasing vertical integration.{{Sfn\|Pieke\|Hofman\|2022\|p=140}}

State-owned enterprises of China

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