copy edit & cleanup
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 02:05, 7 May 2024 |
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| The three fetters which the sotāpanna eradicates are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/into_the_stream.html|title=Into the Stream|access-date=2023-04-29|publisher=Access to Insight|author=Thanissaro Bhikkhu|date=2012}} | The three fetters which the sotāpanna eradicates are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/into_the_stream.html|title=Into the Stream|access-date=2023-04-29|publisher=Access to Insight|author=Thanissaro Bhikkhu|date=2012}} |
| * {{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/waytoend.html|title=The Noble Eightfold Path|access-date=2023-04-29|date=1999|publisher=Access to Insight|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi}}</ref> | * {{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/waytoend.html|title=The Noble Eightfold Path|access-date=2023-04-29|date=1999|publisher=Access to Insight|author=Bhikkhu Bodhi}}</ref> |
| # '''Self-view''' — The view of substance, or that what is compounded (''sankhata'') could be eternal in the [[Skandha#The five skandhas|five aggregates]] (form, feelings, perception, intentions, cognizance), and thus possessed or owned as [[Ātman (Buddhism)|'I']], 'me', or 'mine'.{{copy edit inline|date=April 2023}} A sotāpanna doesn't actually have a view about self (''sakkāya-ditthi''), as that{{ambiguous|date=April 2023}} doctrine is proclaimed to be a subtle form of clinging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.011.ntbb.html|title=Cula-sihanada Sutta: The Shorter Discourse on the Lion's Roar }}</ref> | # '''Self-view''' — The view that what is compounded (''sankhata'') could be eternal in the [[Skandha#The five skandhas|five aggregates]], and thus possessed or owned. A sotāpanna does not actually have a view about self (''sakkāya-ditthi''), as that doctrine is proclaimed to be a subtle form of clinging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.011.ntbb.html|title=Cula-sihanada Sutta: The Shorter Discourse on the Lion's Roar }}</ref> |
| # '''Clinging to rites and rituals''' — The view that one becomes pure simply through performing rituals (animal sacrifices, [[Ritual purification|ablutions]], chanting, etc.) or adhering to rigid [[moralism]] or relying on a god for non-causal delivery (''issara nimmāna''). Rites and rituals now function more to obscure, than to support the right view of the sotāpanna's now opened dharma eye. The sotāpanna realizes that deliverance can be won only through the practice of the [[Noble Eightfold Path]]. It is the elimination of the notion that there are shortcuts to perfecting all virtues. | # '''Clinging to rites and rituals''' — The view that one becomes pure simply through performing rituals (animal sacrifices, [[Ritual purification|ablutions]], chanting, etc.) or adhering to rigid [[moralism]] or relying on a god for non-causal delivery (''issara nimmāna''). Rites and rituals now function more to obscure, than to support the right view of the sotāpanna's now opened dharma eye. The sotāpanna realizes that deliverance can be won only through the practice of the [[Noble Eightfold Path]]. It is the elimination of the notion that there are shortcuts to perfecting all virtues. |
| # '''Skeptical doubt''' — Doubt about the Buddha, his teaching (Dharma), and his community (Sangha) is eradicated because the sotāpanna personally experiences the true nature of reality through insight, and this insight confirms the accuracy of the Buddha's teaching. Seeing removes doubt, because the sight is a form of vision (''dassana''), that allows one to know (''ñāṇa''). | # '''Skeptical doubt''' — Doubt about the Buddha, his teaching (Dharma), and his community (Sangha) is eradicated because the sotāpanna personally experiences the true nature of reality through insight, and this insight confirms the accuracy of the Buddha's teaching. Seeing removes doubt, because the sight is a form of vision (''dassana''), that allows one to know (''ñāṇa''). |
| ===Defilements=== | ===Defilements=== |
| According to the Pali commentary, six types of defilement are eventually abandoned by a sotāpanna, and no major transgressions{{copy edit inline|date=April 2023}}:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/wheel061.html|title=The Simile of the Cloth & The Discourse on Effacement|access-date=2009-03-16|publisher=Access to Insight|date=1994|author=Nyanaponika Thera}}</ref> | According to the Pali commentary, six types of defilement are eventually abandoned by a sotāpanna:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/nyanaponika/wheel061.html|title=The Simile of the Cloth & The Discourse on Effacement|access-date=2009-03-16|publisher=Access to Insight|date=1994|author=Nyanaponika Thera}}</ref> |
| #Envy | #Envy |
| #Jealousy | #Jealousy |
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| The Buddha spoke favorably about the sotāpanna on many occasions. Even though it is (only) the first of ''ariya sangha'' members, he or she is welcomed by all other sangha-members for he or she practices for the benefit and welfare of many. In the literature, the ''arya sangha'' is described as "the four" when taken as pairs, and as "the eight" when taken as individual types. This refers to the four supra-mundane fruits (attainments: "phala") and the corresponding four supra-mundane paths (of those practicing to attain those fruits: "magga").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/...=2005|access-date=2010-08-22|publisher=Access to Insight}}</ref>{{blockquote|"The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples who have practiced well... who have practiced straight-forwardly... who have practiced methodically... who have practiced masterfully — in other words, the four types [of noble disciples] when taken as pairs, the eight when taken as individual types — they are the Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples: worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect, the incomparable field of merit for the world."|[[Anguttara Nikaya]], 11.12}} | The Buddha spoke favorably about the sotāpanna on many occasions. Even though it is (only) the first of ''ariya sangha'' members, he or she is welcomed by all other sangha-members for he or she practices for the benefit and welfare of many. In the literature, the ''arya sangha'' is described as "the four" when taken as pairs, and as "the eight" when taken as individual types. This refers to the four supra-mundane fruits (attainments: "phala") and the corresponding four supra-mundane paths (of those practicing to attain those fruits: "magga").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/...=2005|access-date=2010-08-22|publisher=Access to Insight}}</ref>{{blockquote|"The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples who have practiced well... who have practiced straight-forwardly... who have practiced methodically... who have practiced masterfully — in other words, the four types [of noble disciples] when taken as pairs, the eight when taken as individual types — they are the Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples: worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of respect, the incomparable field of merit for the world."|[[Anguttara Nikaya]], 11.12}} |
| This is called "the recollection of the Sangha" (''sanghanussati''). It can also be interpreted as, "They are the Blessed One's disciples, who have practiced well, who have practiced directly, who have practiced insight-fully, those who practice with integrity (to share what they have learned with others). They give occasion for incomparable goodness to arise in the world because gifts to them bear great fruit and benefit to the giver. | This is called "the recollection of the Sangha" (''sanghanussati''). It can also be interpreted as, "They are the Blessed One's disciples, who have practiced well, who have practiced directly, who have practiced insight-fully, those who practice with integrity (to share what they have learned with others). They give occasion for incomparable goodness to arise in the world because gifts to them bear great fruit and benefit to the giver. The fifty-fifth Samyutta of the [[Samyutta Nikaya]] is called the Sotāpatti-saṃyutta, and it concerns sotāpannas and their attainment. In the discourse-numbers (of that chapter) 1–4, 6–9, 11–14, 16–20, 22–36, 39–49, 51, 53, 54, sotāpannas are praised as Sangha members by and to the sick, lay followers, people on their deathbed, bhikkhunis, bhikkhus, and devas.{{copy edit inline|date=April 2023}} |
| The fifty-fifth Samyutta of the [[Samyutta Nikaya]] is called the Sotāpatti-saṃyutta, and concerns sotāpannas and their attainment. In the discourse-numbers (of that chapter) 1–4, 6–9, 11–14, 16–20, 22–36, 39–49, 51, 53, 54, sotāpannas are praised as Sangha members by and to: the sick, lay followers, people on their deathbed, bhikkhunis, bhikkhus, and devas, and end up becoming the well-being and benefit of many.{{copy edit inline|date=April 2023}} | |
| ===Dhammapada=== | ===Dhammapada=== |
Okumaya devam et...