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Okumaya devam et...
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| Louis IX was born on 25 April 1214, the son of [[Louis VIII of France]] and [[Blanche of Castile]]. Louis was 12 years old when his father died in November 1226, just three years after he had ascended to the throne. He was crowned king within the month and his mother ruled France as regent during his minority, training him to be a great leader and a good Christian. Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and secured a Capetian success in the 20-year [[Albigensian Crusade]] in 1229.<ref name=":7">James Thomson Shotwell (1911). "[[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Louis_IX._of_France|Louis IX. of France]]". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. '''17.''' (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–38.</ref> | Louis IX was born on 25 April 1214, the son of [[Louis VIII of France]] and [[Blanche of Castile]]. Louis was 12 years old when his father died in November 1226, just three years after he had ascended to the throne. He was crowned king within the month and his mother ruled France as regent during his minority, training him to be a great leader and a good Christian. Blanche dealt with the opposition of rebellious vassals and secured a Capetian success in the 20-year [[Albigensian Crusade]] in 1229.<ref name=":7">James Thomson Shotwell (1911). "[[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Louis_IX._of_France|Louis IX. of France]]". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. '''17.''' (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–38.</ref> |
| The first major crisis faced by Louis was the [[Saintonge War]] of 1242–1243, pitting [[House of Capet|Capetian]] forces supportive of Louis' brother [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers|Alphonse of Poitiers]] against [[Henry III of England]] and his continental allies. [[John II, Count of Soissons|John II of Soissons]] supported Louis and would later join his Crusade.{{sfn|Smith|2006|pp=60–61|loc=John of Joinville and the ''Vie de Saint Louis''}} Henry hoped to regain [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] land lost during the reign of his father. The French decisively defeated the English at the [[Battle of Taillebourg]] in July 1242, marking the last major conflict between the two until the [[Anglo-French War (1294–1303)|Anglo-French War]].<ref name=":2">Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges Goyau (1910). "[[wikisource:Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Louis_IX|St. Louis IX]]". In ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. '''9.''' New York.</ref> | The first major crisis faced by Louis was the [[Saintonge War]] of 1242–1243, pitting [[House of Capet|Capetian]] forces supportive of Louis' brother [[Alphonse, Count of Poitiers|Alphonse of Poitiers]] against [[Henry III of England]] and his continental allies. [[John II, Count of Soissons|John II of Soissons]] supported Louis and would later join his Crusade.{{sfn|Smith|2006|pp=60–61|loc=John of Joinville and the ''Vie de Saint Louis''}} Henry hoped to regain [[Angevin Empire|Angevin]] land lost during the reign of his father. The French decisively defeated the English at the [[Battle of Taillebourg]] in July 1242, marking the last major conflict between the two until the [[Gascon War]].<ref name=":2">Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges Goyau (1910). "[[wikisource:Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/St._Louis_IX|St. Louis IX]]". In ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. '''9.''' New York.</ref> |
| In the Holy Land, the [[Sixth Crusade]] and the Barons' Crusade had returned the kingdom to its largest size since its [[Battle of Hattin|loss at Hattin]] in 1187. That changed after the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1244)|Siege of Jerusalem]] of 1244 left the Holy City in such a state of ruin that it became unusable for both Christians and Muslims. The sack of the Jerusalem and the massacre which accompanied it would encourage Louis IX to organize the first of his Crusades. Nevertheless, the fall of Jerusalem was no longer a crucial event to many European Christians, who had seen the city pass between Christian and Muslim control numerous times in the past two centuries. This time, despite later calls from the pope, there was no popular enthusiasm for a new crusade. There were too many conflicts within Europe that kept its leaders from embarking on a foreign endeavor.<ref name=":3">Goldsmith, Linda (2006). ''Louis IX of France (1214–1270)''. In The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. pp. 757–758.</ref> | In the Holy Land, the [[Sixth Crusade]] and the Barons' Crusade had returned the kingdom to its largest size since its [[Battle of Hattin|loss at Hattin]] in 1187. That changed after the [[Siege of Jerusalem (1244)|Siege of Jerusalem]] of 1244 left the Holy City in such a state of ruin that it became unusable for both Christians and Muslims. The sack of the Jerusalem and the massacre which accompanied it would encourage Louis IX to organize the first of his Crusades. Nevertheless, the fall of Jerusalem was no longer a crucial event to many European Christians, who had seen the city pass between Christian and Muslim control numerous times in the past two centuries. This time, despite later calls from the pope, there was no popular enthusiasm for a new crusade. There were too many conflicts within Europe that kept its leaders from embarking on a foreign endeavor.<ref name=":3">Goldsmith, Linda (2006). ''Louis IX of France (1214–1270)''. In The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. pp. 757–758.</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...