Ourisia remotifolia

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{{Short description|Species of flowering plants}}

{{Use New Zealand English|date=May 2024}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Ourisia remotifolia 173471327.jpeg
| image_caption = Flowering ''O. remotifolia'' observed in Fiordland National Park, South Island, New Zealand
| status = NU
| status_system = NZTCS
| genus = Ourisia
| species = remotifolia
| authority = [[Mary Kalin Arroyo|Arroyo]]<ref name=":1"/>
| synonyms =
}}

'''''Ourisia remotifolia''''' is a species of [[flowering plant]] in the family [[Plantaginaceae]] that is endemic to high-elevation habitats in the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]]. [[Mary Kalin Arroyo]] described ''O. remotifolia'' in 1984. Plants of this species of New Zealand mountain foxglove are [[Perennial plant|perennial]], small-leaved herbs that are covered in a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs. They have hairy, crenate, ovate leaves that are oppositely arranged and tightly packed along the creeping stem. The flowers are single or in pairs in each node, with a [[zygomorphic]] calyx and corolla. The corolla is white and the corolla tube is purple inside with three lines of white hairs. It is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon.

== Taxonomy ==
''Ourisia remotifolia'' Arroyo is in the plant family [[Plantaginaceae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ourisia remotifolia |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/ourisia-remotifolia/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Flora of New Zealand {{!}} Taxon Profile {{!}} Ourisia remotifolia |url=https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Ourisia-remotifolia.html |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=www.nzflora.info}}</ref> [[Mary Kalin Arroyo]] described ''O. remotifolia'' in 1984.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |date=2006-04-24 |title=Monograph of Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113682140 |journal=Systematic Botany Monographs |volume=77 |pages=1–188}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Arroyo |first=Mary T. Kalin |date=1984-07-01 |title=New species and combinations in Ourisia (Scrophulariaceae) in New Zealand |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125368610 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=447–463 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.1984.10425277}}</ref>

The type material was collected by Mary Kalin Arroyo at [[Gertrude Saddle]], [[Fiordland National Park]], [[South Island]], [[New Zealand]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> The [[holotype]] is housed at the Allan Herbarium of [[Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Holotype of Ourisia remotifolia (CHR 256834) |url=https://scd.landcareresearch.co.nz/Specimen/CHR 256834 |url-status=live |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research Systematics Collections Data}}</ref>

''Ourisia remotifolia'' is morphologically similar to other New Zealand small-leaved species, namely ''[[Ourisia sessilifolia|O. sessilifolia]],'' with which it shares irregular white corollas that are purple inside with lines of white hairs, and having a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs on many plant parts.<ref name=":2" />

''O. remotifolia'' can be distinguished from ''O. sessilifolia'' by its lax, semi-erect, non-rosette habit (vs. erect rosette habit), leaves with long petioles that are widely spaced along the stem (vs. tightly packed rosettes), irregular calyces (vs. regular), flowers and bracts in pairs only (vs. sometimes in whorls), and all hairs the same length (vs. glandular hairs much shorter than non-glandular hairs).<ref name=":2" />

== Description ==
[[File:Ourisia remotifolia 173471306.jpeg|thumb|Close-up of flowers showing white corollas with purple inside the corolla tube, and mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs on the calyx and pedicels]]
'''''Ourisia remotifolia''''' plants are [[perennial]] herbs. The stems are creeping, with opposite leaves that are tightly packed to tufted near the tip of the stem. Leaf [[Petiole (botany)|petioles]] are 2.6–18.5 mm long. Leaf blades are 6.9–24.0 mm long by 6.9–20.3 mm wide (length: width ratio 1.0–1.2: 1), broadly to very broadly ovate, widest below the middle, with a rounded apex, usually [[Cuneate leaf|cuneate]] base and regularly [[crenate]] edges. Leaves are densely hairy with a mixture of long glandular and [[Trichome#Non-glandular trichomes|non-glandular hairs]] on the upper surface, and densely hairy with short to long glandular hairs on the lower surface especially on the veins (sometimes [[Glabrousness|glabrous]]), with prominent veins on the lower surface and sometimes punctate. [[Inflorescence|Inflorescences]] are erect, densely hairy [[Raceme|racemes]] up to 190 mm long, with a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs, and with 1–4 flowering nodes and up to 6 total flowers per raceme. Each flowering node has 1–2 flowers and 2 sessile, sometimes clasping bracts that are narrowly obovate or oblanceolate. The lowest bracts are similar to the leaves, 9.5–17.6 mm long and 5.3–9.1 mm wide, and become smaller toward the apex of the raceme. The flowers are borne on a densely hairy [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] that is up to 21 mm long and has glandular hairs. The calyx is 5.7–7.7 mm long, irregular, with 3 lobes divided to one-quarter to one-half the length of the calyx and 2 divided to near the base, and densely hairy with a mixture of glandular and non-glandular hairs. The corolla is 12.5–17.7mm long (including the 4.6–8.1mm long corolla tube), bilabiate, tubular-funnelform, glabrous and white on the outside, and purple with 3 lines of white hairs on the inside. The corolla lobes are 3.6–9.2 mm long, spreading, and usually obcordate to obovate. There are 4 stamens up to 7.0 mm long which are [[didynamous]], with two long stamens reaching the corolla tube opening or exserted, and 2 short stamens included inside the corolla; a short [[staminode]] 0.5–0.7 mm long is also present. The style is 3.0–4.9 mm long, exserted, with an [[emarginate]] stigma. The ovary is 2.2–3.1 mm long and glabrous. Fruits are capsules 3.9–6.5 mm long and 3.3–6.2 mm wide with loculicidal dehiscence and pedicels up to 27.0 mm long. The number of seeds in each capsule is unknown, and seeds are 0.7–1.1 mm long and 0.3–0.6 mm long, with a two-layered, [[reticulate]] seed coat.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Webb |first=Colin |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125388353 |title=Seeds of New Zealand Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons |last2=Simpson |first2=Margaret Jane Annand |date=2001-01-01 |publisher=Caxton Press, Manuka Press |language=English}}</ref>

''Ourisia remotifolia'' flowers from December to January and fruits from January to April.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Ourisia remotifolia 173471386.jpeg|thumb|Habit and rocky alpine herbfield habitat of ''O. remotifolia'']]
The chromosome number of ''Ourisia'' ''remotifolia'' is 2n=48.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hair |first=J. B. |last2=Arroyo |first2=M. T. Kalin |last3=Beuzeberg |first3=E. J. |date=1984-07-01 |title=Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora — 28 Ourisia (Scrophulariaceae) |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125368510 |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=357–359 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.1984.10425267}}</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
''Ourisia'' ''remotifolia'' is a New Zealand mountain foxglove that is endemic to the [[South Island]] of [[New Zealand]].<ref name=":0" /> It is found only in the regions of [[Canterbury Region|Canterbury]], [[Westland, New Zealand|Westland]] and Fiordland in high-elevation herbfields on bluffs, in sheltered hollows, or in rock crevices, and can be locally common, from 1000 to 2200 m above sea level.'''<ref name=":2" />'''

== Phylogeny ==
An individual of ''O. remotifolia'' was included in [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses of all species of the genus ''Ourisia'' using standard DNA sequencing markers (two [[Ribosomal DNA|nuclear ribosomal DNA]] markers and two [[chloroplast DNA]] regions) and morphological data.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |last2=Simpson |first2=Beryl Brintnall |date=2006-04-18 |title=The biogeography of the austral, subalpine genus Ourisia (Plantaginaceae) based on molecular phylogenetic evidence: South American origin and dispersal to New Zealand and Tasmania |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54642956 |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=479–513 |doi=10.1111/J.1095-8312.2006.00584.X}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |last2=Simpson |first2=Beryl Brintnall |date=2007-10-01 |title=Phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters in Ourisia (Plantaginaceae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61014543 |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=94 |issue=3 |pages=554–570 |doi=10.3417/0026-6493(2007)94[554:pAOMCI]2.0.CO;2}}</ref> In all analyses, the sampled individual belonged to the highly supported New Zealand lineage, and in the nuclear ribosomal and combined datasets, it was moderately to strongly supported as sister to ''[[Ourisia macrocarpa|O. macrocarpa]].'' In the combined dataset, these two species were in a clade with ''O. sessilifolia'' and ''[[Ourisia caespitosa|O. caespitosa]]''.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" />

In another phylogenetic study using [[Amplified fragment length polymorphism|amplified fragment length polymorphisms]] (AFLPs), all 12 sampled individuals formed a highly-supported clade that was in turn moderately supported as being near the root of the tree with ''[[Ourisia modesta|O. modesta]]''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Meudt |first=Heidi |last2=Lockhart |first2=Peter |last3=Bryant |first3=David M. |date=2009-05-20 |title=Species delimitation and phylogeny of a New Zealand plant species radiation |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33449014 |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=9 |pages=111 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-9-111 |pmc=2700801 |pmid=19457251}}</ref> The 12 sampled individuals of ''O. remotifolia'' also comprised one of the significant clusters in the Bayesian clustering analysis.<ref name=":3" />

== Conservation status ==
''Ourisia remotifolia'' is listed as At Risk - Naturally Uncommon, with the qualifiers Range Restricted (RR) and Sparse (Sp) in the most recent assessment (2017–2018) of the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System|New Zealand Threatened Classification]] for plants.<ref name="NZTCS22">{{Cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Peter J. de |last2=Rolfe |first2=Jeremy R. |last3=Barkla |first3=John W. |last4=Courtney |first4=Shannel P. |last5=Champion |first5=Paul D. |last6=Perrie |first6=Leon R. |last7=Beadel |first7=Sarah M. |last8=Ford |first8=Kerry A. |last9=Breitwieser |first9=Ilse |last10=Schönberger |first10=Ines |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=Rowan |date=May 2018 |title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |url=https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/nztcs22entire.pdf |journal=New Zealand Threat Classification Series |volume=22 |pages=1–86 |oclc=1041649797}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=ourisia+remotifolia#tab_mapView ''Ourisia remotifolia'' occurrence data from Australasian Virtual Herbarium]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17745830}}

[[Category:Ourisia|remotofolia]]
[[Category:Flora of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Endangered flora of New Zealand]]
[[Category:plants described in 1984]]

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