Pollution: Made small copy edit, removed source because it was unnecessary and an opinion piece
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 18:03, 2 May 2024 |
| Line 173: | Line 173: |
| One major source of pollution for Onondaga Lake is municipal sewage. For years, Syracuse dumped human waste into the lake with little or no treatment.<ref name="Water Quality in the Past">{{cite web|title=Water Quality in the Past |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_quality_17-20.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref><ref name="onondaganation.org">{{cite web|title=Onondaga Lake Contaminants of Concern |url= http://www.onondaganation.org/land/olake_contam.html |publisher=Onondaga Nation}}</ref> Before European settlement and the growth of a large population in the area, the lake was oligo-mesothropic, meaning that it contained low levels of aquatic plant blooms.<ref name="upstatefreshwater.org"/> | One major source of pollution for Onondaga Lake is municipal sewage. For years, Syracuse dumped human waste into the lake with little or no treatment.<ref name="Water Quality in the Past">{{cite web|title=Water Quality in the Past |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_quality_17-20.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref><ref name="onondaganation.org">{{cite web|title=Onondaga Lake Contaminants of Concern |url= http://www.onondaganation.org/land/olake_contam.html |publisher=Onondaga Nation}}</ref> Before European settlement and the growth of a large population in the area, the lake was oligo-mesothropic, meaning that it contained low levels of aquatic plant blooms.<ref name="upstatefreshwater.org"/> |
| But, the high levels of [[ammonia]] and [[phosphates]] due to the dumping of sewage wastewater have led to [[algal bloom|excessive algae growth]] in the lake.<ref name="onondaganation.org"/> When these excessive algae growths die, bacteria decompose the dead algae using large quantities of oxygen, which causes [[eutrophic]] and low-oxygen conditions.<ref name="Region 2: Onondaga Lake">{{cite web |title=Region 2: Onondaga Lake |date= 29 January 2013 |url= http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/lakes/onondaga.htm |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> The low oxygen levels lead to the choking out of fish and plants, especially in the deeper areas of the lake.<ref name="onondaganation.org"/> Eventually [[Anoxic waters|anoxic]] (oxygen-free) conditions set in parts of the lake and [[anaerobic decomposition]] takes place which emits harmful and foul-smelling gases like [[hydrogen sulfide]]. | The high levels of [[ammonia]] and [[phosphates]] due to the dumping of sewage wastewater have led to [[algal bloom|excessive algae growth]] in the lake.<ref name="onondaganation.org"/> When these excessive algae growths die, bacteria decompose the dead algae using large quantities of oxygen, which causes [[eutrophic]] and low-oxygen conditions.<ref name="Region 2: Onondaga Lake">{{cite web |title=Region 2: Onondaga Lake |date= 29 January 2013 |url= http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/lakes/onondaga.htm |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> The low oxygen levels lead to the choking out of fish and plants, especially in the deeper areas of the lake.<ref name="onondaganation.org"/> Eventually [[Anoxic waters|anoxic]] (oxygen-free) conditions set in parts of the lake and [[anaerobic decomposition]] takes place which emits harmful and foul-smelling gases like [[hydrogen sulfide]]. |
| [[Combined sewer]] overflow (CSO) also contributes pollution. In some areas of Syracuse, sewers carry both sanitary sewage and stormwater. During dry weather, these sewers carry all the sanitary sewage to Metro for treatment; however, during times of heavy rain or melting snow, the amount of water is greater than the capacity of the sewers. They overflow and discharge a combination of runoff and sanitary sewage into [[Onondaga Creek]] and Harbor Brook.<ref name="Pollutants & Onondaga Lake">{{cite web |title=Pollutants & Onondaga Lake |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_quality_pollutants.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref> Through these tributaries, the CSO eventually reaches Onondaga Lake. CSO has been generating concerns about bacteria.<ref name="Region 2: Onondaga Lake"/> In the 1960s, Syracuse had ninety points where CSO could reach [[Onondaga Creek]], Harbor Brook, or Ley Creek.<ref name="Human Use of Onondaga Lake"/> | [[Combined sewer]] overflow (CSO) also contributes pollution. In some areas of Syracuse, sewers carry both sanitary sewage and stormwater. During dry weather, these sewers carry all the sanitary sewage to Metro for treatment; however, during times of heavy rain or melting snow, the amount of water is greater than the capacity of the sewers. They overflow and discharge a combination of runoff and sanitary sewage into [[Onondaga Creek]] and Harbor Brook.<ref name="Pollutants & Onondaga Lake">{{cite web |title=Pollutants & Onondaga Lake |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_quality_pollutants.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref> Through these tributaries, the CSO eventually reaches Onondaga Lake. CSO has been generating concerns about bacteria.<ref name="Region 2: Onondaga Lake"/> In the 1960s, Syracuse had ninety points where CSO could reach [[Onondaga Creek]], Harbor Brook, or Ley Creek.<ref name="Human Use of Onondaga Lake"/> |
| Line 186: | Line 186: |
| In 1999, the [[New York State Department of Health]] (NYSDOH) lifted the advisory on eating [[Bass (fish)|bass]], [[white perch]], and catfish from Onondaga Lake. The advisory against eating [[walleye]] remained in effect; and women of childbearing age, infants, and children under the age of 15 were advised against eating any of the fish from the lake.<ref name="DEC Historical"/> In 2007, the NYSDOH updated its advisory, prohibiting the consumption of largemouth and smallmouth bass over 15-inches-long. No walleye, [[carp]], [[channel catfish]], and white perch of any size should be consumed. The Department of Health advises not more than four meals per month of [[brown bullhead]] and [[pumpkinseed]], and not more than one meal per month of any species not listed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fish |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_fish.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref><ref name="Fish advisory">{{cite web|title=State Health Department Issues Annual Fish Advisories|url=http://www.health.ny.gov/press/rele....htm|website=www.health.ny.gov|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Watson|first=Taylor|date=26 February 2017|title=Despite Onondaga Lake remedial efforts, some blame corporate influence for blocking lake's full restoration|url=http://dailyorange.com/2017/02/desp...-blocking-lakes-full-restoration/|website=The Daily Orange}}</ref> | In 1999, the [[New York State Department of Health]] (NYSDOH) lifted the advisory on eating [[Bass (fish)|bass]], [[white perch]], and catfish from Onondaga Lake. The advisory against eating [[walleye]] remained in effect; and women of childbearing age, infants, and children under the age of 15 were advised against eating any of the fish from the lake.<ref name="DEC Historical"/> In 2007, the NYSDOH updated its advisory, prohibiting the consumption of largemouth and smallmouth bass over 15-inches-long. No walleye, [[carp]], [[channel catfish]], and white perch of any size should be consumed. The Department of Health advises not more than four meals per month of [[brown bullhead]] and [[pumpkinseed]], and not more than one meal per month of any species not listed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fish |url= http://www.onlakepartners.org/lake_fish.htm |publisher=Onondaga Lake Partnership}}</ref><ref name="Fish advisory">{{cite web|title=State Health Department Issues Annual Fish Advisories|url=http://www.health.ny.gov/press/rele....htm|website=www.health.ny.gov|access-date=17 April 2018|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Watson|first=Taylor|date=26 February 2017|title=Despite Onondaga Lake remedial efforts, some blame corporate influence for blocking lake's full restoration|url=http://dailyorange.com/2017/02/desp...-blocking-lakes-full-restoration/|website=The Daily Orange}}</ref> |
| In June of 2023, a scientific article was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association's (JAMA) Open Network Journal, which explored the association between arsenic levels and cardiovascular disease in children who lived near the lake. The article, ''Exposure to Arsenic and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children, Syracuse, New York,'' explores the relationship between urinary arsenic, a heavy metal, and cardiovascular disease risk factors including blood vessel, and heart ventricle thickness. The study, done with 9-11 year old children, demonstrated a correlation between cardiovascular disease and high arsenic levels, as well as a correlation between high arsenic levels and children who lived in the southern and eastern areas near the bottom of Lake Onondaga. The study received press among national physician social media sites, such as Medscape.com, where Perry WIlson, MD from Yale, presented the article with the headline ''What Lies Beneath This Placid Lake Is Poisoning Children.'' https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2806711 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticl...CPEDIT_etid5611740&uac=243555MR&impID=5611740 | In June of 2023, a scientific article was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association's (JAMA) Open Network Journal, which explored the association between arsenic levels and cardiovascular disease in children who lived near the lake. The article, ''Exposure to Arsenic and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children, Syracuse, New York,'' explores the relationship between urinary arsenic, a heavy metal, and cardiovascular disease risk factors including blood vessel, and heart ventricle thickness. The study, done with 9-11 year old children, demonstrated a correlation between cardiovascular disease and high arsenic levels, as well as a correlation between high arsenic levels and children who lived in the southern and eastern areas near the bottom of Onondaga Lake. |
| ===Mudboils=== | ===Mudboils=== |
Okumaya devam et...