correcting according to "Articles for possible copyedit from 2024-04-20 dump" – "WHO's", "handling.Nurses", "and/or", "and/or", "and/or", "and/or", "and/or" – first seems legitimate, second handled already
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 01:58, 5 May 2024 |
| Line 212: | Line 212: |
| Nurses are at risk for workplace violence and abuse.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/08/12/hcwviolence-prevention/ |title = Free On-line Violence Prevention Training for Nurses |date = 12 August 2013 |first1 = Dan |last1 = Hartley |first2 = Marilyn |last2 = Ridenour |access-date = 15 January 2015 |publisher = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health}}</ref> Violence is typically perpetrated by non-staff (e.g. patients or family), whereas abuse is typically is by hospital personnel. In the US in 2011, 57% of nurses reported that they had been threatened at work; 17% were physically assaulted.<ref name=":0" /> | Nurses are at risk for workplace violence and abuse.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2013/08/12/hcwviolence-prevention/ |title = Free On-line Violence Prevention Training for Nurses |date = 12 August 2013 |first1 = Dan |last1 = Hartley |first2 = Marilyn |last2 = Ridenour |access-date = 15 January 2015 |publisher = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health}}</ref> Violence is typically perpetrated by non-staff (e.g. patients or family), whereas abuse is typically is by hospital personnel. In the US in 2011, 57% of nurses reported that they had been threatened at work; 17% were physically assaulted.<ref name=":0" /> |
| The three types of workplace violence that nurses can experience are: physical violence (hitting, kicking, beating, punching, biting, and using objects);<ref>{{Citation|title=Gender Matters: Discourses of Violence in Early Modern Literature and the Arts|date=2014-01-01|work=Gender Matters|pages=5–15|publisher=BRILL|doi=10.1163/9789401210232_002|isbn=9789401210232 |last1=Wade |first1=Mara R. }}</ref> psychological violence (threats and/or coercion); sexual violence (attempted/completed non-consensual sex act).<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2021|title=Sexual Harassment in the Workplace|url=https://www.workplacesrespond.org/harassment-facts/ |website=Work Places Respond}}</ref> | The three types of workplace violence that nurses can experience are: physical violence (hitting, kicking, beating, punching, biting, and using objects);<ref>{{Citation|title=Gender Matters: Discourses of Violence in Early Modern Literature and the Arts|date=2014-01-01|work=Gender Matters|pages=5–15|publisher=BRILL|doi=10.1163/9789401210232_002|isbn=9789401210232 |last1=Wade |first1=Mara R. }}</ref> psychological violence (threats or coercion); sexual violence (attempted/completed non-consensual sex act).<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2021|title=Sexual Harassment in the Workplace|url=https://www.workplacesrespond.org/harassment-facts/ |website=Work Places Respond}}</ref> |
| Workplace violence can be in another way: interpersonal violence and organizational coercion. Interpersonal violence is committed by workers and/or patients and their families. Its predominant form is verbal abuse. Organizational coercion may include excessive workloads, mandatory shifts, involuntary placement in another part of the workplace, low salaries, denial of benefits/overtime, poor working environment, and other stressors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Faghihi|first1=Mitra|last2=Farshad|first2=Aliasghar|last3=Abhari|first3=Maryam Biglari|last4=Azadi|first4=Nammamali|last5=Mansourian|first5=Morteza|date=2021-05-19|title=The components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of women working in a hospital in Tehran: a qualitative study|journal=BMC Women's Health|volume=21|issue=1|page=209|doi=10.1186/s12905-021-01342-0|pmid=34011330|issn=1472-6874|pmc=8136170 |doi-access=free }}</ref> These issues affect [[quality of life]]. Managers who lack understanding of the severity of these problems and do not support workers increase worker stress. | Workplace violence can be in another way: interpersonal violence and organizational coercion. Interpersonal violence is committed by workers or patients and their families. Its predominant form is verbal abuse. Organizational coercion may include excessive workloads, mandatory shifts, involuntary placement in another part of the workplace, low salaries, denial of benefits/overtime, poor working environment, and other stressors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Faghihi|first1=Mitra|last2=Farshad|first2=Aliasghar|last3=Abhari|first3=Maryam Biglari|last4=Azadi|first4=Nammamali|last5=Mansourian|first5=Morteza|date=2021-05-19|title=The components of workplace violence against nurses from the perspective of women working in a hospital in Tehran: a qualitative study|journal=BMC Women's Health|volume=21|issue=1|page=209|doi=10.1186/s12905-021-01342-0|pmid=34011330|issn=1472-6874|pmc=8136170 |doi-access=free }}</ref> These issues affect [[quality of life]]. Managers who lack understanding of the severity of these problems and do not support workers increase worker stress. |
| Many factors contribute to workplace violence. These factors can be divided into environmental, organizational, and individual psychosocial. The environmental factors can include the specific setting (for example the emergency department), long patient wait times, frequent interruptions, uncertainty regarding the patients' treatment, and heavy workloads.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Liuyi|last2=Wang|first2=Anni|last3=Xie|first3=Xia|last4=Zhou|first4=Yanhong|last5=Li|first5=Jing|last6=Yang|first6=Lijun|last7=Zhang|first7=Jingping|date=July 2017|title=Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study|journal=International Journal of Nursing Studies|volume=72|pages=8–14|doi=10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002|pmid=28412581|issn=0020-7489}}</ref> Organizational factors can include inefficient teamwork, organizational injustice, lack of aggression and/or stress management programs, and distrust between colleagues.<ref name=":1" /> Individual psychosocial factors may include nurses being young and inexperienced, previous experiences with violence, and a lack of communication skills.<ref name=":1" /> Misunderstandings may also occur due to the communication barrier between nurses and patients.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Alkorashy|first1=Hanan A. Ezzat|last2=Al Moalad|first2=Fawziah Bakheet|date=June 2016|title=Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/inr.12242|journal=International Nursing Review|language=en|volume=63|issue=2|pages=226–232|doi=10.1111/inr.12242|pmid=26830364}}</ref> An example of this could be the patient's condition being affected by medication, pain, and/or anxiety. | Many factors contribute to workplace violence. These factors can be divided into environmental, organizational, and individual psychosocial. The environmental factors can include the specific setting (for example the emergency department), long patient wait times, frequent interruptions, uncertainty regarding the patients' treatment, and heavy workloads.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Liuyi|last2=Wang|first2=Anni|last3=Xie|first3=Xia|last4=Zhou|first4=Yanhong|last5=Li|first5=Jing|last6=Yang|first6=Lijun|last7=Zhang|first7=Jingping|date=July 2017|title=Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study|journal=International Journal of Nursing Studies|volume=72|pages=8–14|doi=10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002|pmid=28412581|issn=0020-7489}}</ref> Organizational factors can include inefficient teamwork, organizational injustice, lack of aggression- and stress-management programs, and distrust between colleagues.<ref name=":1" /> Individual psychosocial factors may include nurses being young and inexperienced, previous experiences with violence, and a lack of communication skills.<ref name=":1" /> Misunderstandings may also occur due to the communication barrier between nurses and patients.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Alkorashy|first1=Hanan A. Ezzat|last2=Al Moalad|first2=Fawziah Bakheet|date=June 2016|title=Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi university hospital|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/inr.12242|journal=International Nursing Review|language=en|volume=63|issue=2|pages=226–232|doi=10.1111/inr.12242|pmid=26830364}}</ref> An example of this could be the patient's condition being affected by medication, pain, or anxiety. |
| Workplace violence has many causes. The most common perpetrators for harassment and/or bullying against nursing students were registered nurses including preceptors, mentors, and clinical facilitators.<ref name=":2" /> However, the main perpetrators of workplace violence against nurses were patients. 80% of serious violent incidents in health care centers were by patients. | Workplace violence has many causes. The most common perpetrators of harassment or bullying of nursing students were registered nurses including preceptors, mentors, and clinical facilitators.<ref name=":2" /> However, the main perpetrators of workplace violence against nurses were patients. 80% of serious violent incidents in health care centers were by patients. |
| Workplace violence has many effects. It has negative emotional and physical impacts on nurses. They feel depersonalized, dehumanized, worn out, and stressed out.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vrablik|first1=Marie C|last2=Chipman|first2=Anne K|last3=Rosenman|first3=Elizabeth D|last4=Simcox|first4=Nancy J|last5=Huynh|first5=Ly|last6=Moore|first6=Megan|last7=Fernandez|first7=Rosemarie|date=August 2019|title=Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study|journal=BMJ Open|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e031781|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031781|pmid=31462490|issn=2044-6055|pmc=6720251}}</ref> Nurses have reported burn-out due to frequent exposure to this violence. | Workplace violence has many effects. It has negative emotional and physical impacts on nurses. They feel depersonalized, dehumanized, worn out, and stressed out.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vrablik|first1=Marie C|last2=Chipman|first2=Anne K|last3=Rosenman|first3=Elizabeth D|last4=Simcox|first4=Nancy J|last5=Huynh|first5=Ly|last6=Moore|first6=Megan|last7=Fernandez|first7=Rosemarie|date=August 2019|title=Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study|journal=BMJ Open|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e031781|doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031781|pmid=31462490|issn=2044-6055|pmc=6720251}}</ref> Nurses have reported burn-out due to frequent exposure to this violence. |
Okumaya devam et...