Assassination: - Changing unnecessarily obscure term ("exsanguination" -> "blood loss")
Okumaya devam et...
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| On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study by Spanish-born NKVD agent [[Ramón Mercader]], who used an [[ice axe]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/13/trotsky-ice-axe-murder-mexico-city |title=Bloodstained ice axe used to kill Trotsky emerges after decades in the shadows |first1=Julian |last1=Borger |first2=Jo |last2=Tuckman |date=13 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2022-05-25}}</ref> as a weapon.<ref>{{cite book | author = Isaac Don Levine | title = The Mind of an Assassin | year = 1960 | publisher = New American Library | location = New York | isbn = 0-313-20972-3}}</ref>{{efn|The murder weapon was an ice axe (and not an [[ice pick]]—an awl-like bartender's tool); this misnomer has been explained as being occasioned by the assassin's use of the French-language term ''picolet''—meaning the winter-mountaineering tool which resembles the [[pickaxe]]s used in mining and other excavations, and by the multiple languages spoken by those involved in reporting the details; many history and reference books have confused the two tools.{{sfn|Conquest|1992|p=418}}}} The operation was known within the NKVD as "Operation Utka" (Operation Duck). | On 20 August 1940, Trotsky was attacked in his study by Spanish-born NKVD agent [[Ramón Mercader]], who used an [[ice axe]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/13/trotsky-ice-axe-murder-mexico-city |title=Bloodstained ice axe used to kill Trotsky emerges after decades in the shadows |first1=Julian |last1=Borger |first2=Jo |last2=Tuckman |date=13 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2022-05-25}}</ref> as a weapon.<ref>{{cite book | author = Isaac Don Levine | title = The Mind of an Assassin | year = 1960 | publisher = New American Library | location = New York | isbn = 0-313-20972-3}}</ref>{{efn|The murder weapon was an ice axe (and not an [[ice pick]]—an awl-like bartender's tool); this misnomer has been explained as being occasioned by the assassin's use of the French-language term ''picolet''—meaning the winter-mountaineering tool which resembles the [[pickaxe]]s used in mining and other excavations, and by the multiple languages spoken by those involved in reporting the details; many history and reference books have confused the two tools.{{sfn|Conquest|1992|p=418}}}} The operation was known within the NKVD as "Operation Utka" (Operation Duck). |
| A mountaineering ice axe has a narrow end, called the pick, and a flat wide end called the [[adze]]. The adze of the axe wounded Trotsky, fracturing his [[parietal bone]] and penetrating {{cvt|7|cm}} into his brain.{{sfn|Soto-Pérez-de-Celis|2010}} The blow to his head was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly. Witnesses stated that Trotsky spat on Mercader and began struggling fiercely with him, which resulted in Mercader's hand being broken. Hearing the commotion, Trotsky's bodyguards burst into the room and nearly beat Mercader to death, but Trotsky stopped them, laboriously stating that the assassin should be made to answer questions.{{sfn|Volkogonov|1996|p=466}} Trotsky was then taken to a hospital and operated on, surviving for more than a day, but dying, at the age of 60, on 21 August 1940 from [[exsanguination]] and shock.<ref>Walsh, Lynn, [http://www.marxist.net/trotsky/life/life.htm The Assassination of Trotsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040622084335/http://www.marxist.net/trotsky/life/life.htm |date=22 June 2004}}, ''Militant International Review'', Summer 1980; retrieved 29 July 2007. {{ISBN?}}</ref>{{sfn|Soto-Pérez-de-Celis|2010}} Mercader later testified at his trial:{{Blockquote|I laid my raincoat on the table in such a way as to be able to remove the ice axe which was in the pocket. I decided not to miss the wonderful opportunity that presented itself. The moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice axe from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head.{{sfn|Volkogonov|1996|p=466}}}} | A mountaineering ice axe has a narrow end, called the pick, and a flat wide end called the [[adze]]. The adze of the axe wounded Trotsky, fracturing his [[parietal bone]] and penetrating {{cvt|7|cm}} into his brain.{{sfn|Soto-Pérez-de-Celis|2010}} The blow to his head was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly. Witnesses stated that Trotsky spat on Mercader and began struggling fiercely with him, which resulted in Mercader's hand being broken. Hearing the commotion, Trotsky's bodyguards burst into the room and nearly beat Mercader to death, but Trotsky stopped them, laboriously stating that the assassin should be made to answer questions.{{sfn|Volkogonov|1996|p=466}} Trotsky was then taken to a hospital and operated on, surviving for more than a day, but dying, at the age of 60, on 21 August 1940 from blood loss and shock.<ref>Walsh, Lynn, [http://www.marxist.net/trotsky/life/life.htm The Assassination of Trotsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040622084335/http://www.marxist.net/trotsky/life/life.htm |date=22 June 2004}}, ''Militant International Review'', Summer 1980; retrieved 29 July 2007. {{ISBN?}}</ref>{{sfn|Soto-Pérez-de-Celis|2010}} Mercader later testified at his trial:{{Blockquote|I laid my raincoat on the table in such a way as to be able to remove the ice axe which was in the pocket. I decided not to miss the wonderful opportunity that presented itself. The moment Trotsky began reading the article, he gave me my chance; I took out the ice axe from the raincoat, gripped it in my hand and, with my eyes closed, dealt him a terrible blow on the head.{{sfn|Volkogonov|1996|p=466}}}} |
| According to James Cannon, the Trotskyist secretary of the American [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]], Trotsky's last words were "I will not survive this attack. Stalin has finally accomplished the task he attempted unsuccessfully before."<ref>''Australian Associated Press,'' [http://150.theage.com.au/view_bestofarticle.asp?straction=update&inttype=1&intid=1188 Death of Leon Trotsky] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007090...?straction=update&inttype=1&intid=1188|date=2 September 2007}}, ''[[The Age]]'' 150th Anniversary edition reprint, 23 August 1940; retrieved 22 March 2007.</ref> Mercader was tried and convicted of the murder and spent the next 20 years in a Mexican prison. Stalin wrote that the assassin of Trotsky was a dangerous Trotskyist. This is why Mercader had no awards initially, though his mother was presented with the [[Order of Lenin]] for her own part of the operation. Ramón Mercader could not be either assassinated or freed from prison by the Soviets. When he was released from jail in 1960 and arrived in the USSR in 1961, [[Leonid Brezhnev]] signed a sentence to award Mercader the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star, and the title of the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] "for the special deed". The [[KGB]] boss [[Alexander Shelepin]] presented all these awards to Ramón Mercader in person.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oncubanews.com/en/world/ramon-mercader-mission-of-silence/|title=Ramón Mercader, mission of silence|website=Oncubanews.com|date=27 May 2019|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref><ref>Don Levine, Isaac (1960), ''The Mind of an Assassin'', D1854 Signet Book, pp. 109–10, 173.</ref> | According to James Cannon, the Trotskyist secretary of the American [[Socialist Workers Party (United States)|Socialist Workers Party]], Trotsky's last words were "I will not survive this attack. Stalin has finally accomplished the task he attempted unsuccessfully before."<ref>''Australian Associated Press,'' [http://150.theage.com.au/view_bestofarticle.asp?straction=update&inttype=1&intid=1188 Death of Leon Trotsky] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007090...?straction=update&inttype=1&intid=1188|date=2 September 2007}}, ''[[The Age]]'' 150th Anniversary edition reprint, 23 August 1940; retrieved 22 March 2007.</ref> Mercader was tried and convicted of the murder and spent the next 20 years in a Mexican prison. Stalin wrote that the assassin of Trotsky was a dangerous Trotskyist. This is why Mercader had no awards initially, though his mother was presented with the [[Order of Lenin]] for her own part of the operation. Ramón Mercader could not be either assassinated or freed from prison by the Soviets. When he was released from jail in 1960 and arrived in the USSR in 1961, [[Leonid Brezhnev]] signed a sentence to award Mercader the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star, and the title of the [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] "for the special deed". The [[KGB]] boss [[Alexander Shelepin]] presented all these awards to Ramón Mercader in person.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oncubanews.com/en/world/ramon-mercader-mission-of-silence/|title=Ramón Mercader, mission of silence|website=Oncubanews.com|date=27 May 2019|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref><ref>Don Levine, Isaac (1960), ''The Mind of an Assassin'', D1854 Signet Book, pp. 109–10, 173.</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...