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| === Albert observed === | === Albert observed === |
| Jean Albert-Dadas entered the Saint-André hospital in Bordeaux on the 17th of January in 1886. A month later, he was transferred to the ward of [[Albert Pitres]], a neurological physician and professor, as he lectured about hypnotism and hysteria. During this time, one of Pitres' students, Philippe Tissie, began to observe Dadas more closely despite there being sixty patients assigned to Pitres' ward.<ref name=":8" /> Initially, it was believed that Dadas was suffering from epilepsy before being deemed a hysterical fuguer. Tissie kept track of Dadas through reports that would eventually be turned into a book of dreams published after Dadas' death in 1890. These reports depict Albert as the typical brain damage patient, remarking instances of amnesia, mood swings, and headaches. According to Tissie, Dadas even angrily lashed out at a coworker during an instance of fugue. Despite this, it is debated whether or not Dadas' injury as a child actually had an impact on his condition in his adult life, as his symptoms can align with a number of other conditions and his observers placed high scrutiny on possible brain damage, potentially swaying the case's results.<ref name=":14" /> It is not known what the exact cause of Albert's condition was.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |page=109}}</ref> | Jean Albert-Dadas entered the Saint-André hospital in Bordeaux on the 17th of January in 1886. A month later, he was transferred to the ward of [[Albert Pitres]], a neurological physician and professor, as he lectured about hypnotism and hysteria. During this time, one of Pitres' students, Philippe Tissie, began to observe Dadas more closely despite there being sixty patients assigned to Pitres' ward.<ref name=":8" /> Initially, it was believed that Dadas was suffering from epilepsy before being deemed a hysterical fuguer. Tissie kept track of Dadas through reports that would eventually be turned into a book of dreams published after Dadas' death in 1890. These reports depict Albert as the typical brain damage patient, remarking instances of amnesia, mood swings, and headaches. Despite these symptoms, Dadas was not subject to violent fits of rage like the typical male patient with brain damage. According to Tissie, Dadas only verbally lashed out at a coworker once during an instance of fugue. It is debated whether or not Dadas' injury as a child actually had an impact on his condition in his adult life, as his symptoms can align with a number of other conditions and his observers placed high scrutiny on possible brain damage, potentially swaying the case's results.<ref name=":14" /> It is not known what the exact cause of Albert's condition was.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |page=109}}</ref> |
| === Treatment and recollection === | === Treatment and recollection === |
| The method of hypnosis was regarded as an effective method for treating fuguers in the 19th century.<ref name=":15" /> Despite this, Jean Albert-Dadas was not treated through hypnosis until months after he admitted himself into Saint-André.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |page=26}}</ref> Tissie first used hypnosis on Albert in December of 1886, but had already facilitated Albert's recollection of his journeys a great deal before the method was utilized. It is not known exactly when hypnotic treatment began for Albert, as Tissie's timeline of events in earlier and later records do not align.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |pages=108–109}}</ref> In states of hypnosis, Dadas was made to perform actions that he likely would not have done in his everyday life such as riding a bike with companions and other unorthodox experiments. | The method of hypnosis was regarded as an effective method for treating fuguers in the 19th century.<ref name=":15" /> Despite this, Jean Albert-Dadas was not treated through hypnosis until months after he admitted himself into Saint-André.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |page=26}}</ref> Tissie first used hypnosis on Albert in December of 1886, but had already facilitated Albert's recollection of his journeys a great deal before the method was utilized. It is not known exactly when hypnotic treatment began for Albert, as Tissie's timeline of events in earlier and later records do not align.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hacking |first=Ian |title=Mad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses |publisher=University of Virginia Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781853434556 |edition=1st |publication-date=1998 |pages=108–109}}</ref> In states of hypnosis, Dadas was made to perform actions that he likely would not have done in his everyday life such as riding a bike with companions and other unorthodox experiments. One of these experiments |
| Tissie assimilated Albert to multiplicity; the concept of having more than one consciousness, an idea proposed by [[Étienne Eugène Azam|Eugene Azam]], a French surgeon and psychologist. Azam remarked that Albert had a "first" and "second" consciousness. The first being Albert in his normal, everyday "awake" state, and the second being his state of fugue. Azam found that Albert's state of fugue appeared more intelligent. This aligning of Albert's fugue to a case of double consciousness allowed for him to be directly compared with cases of multiplicity.<ref name=":16" /> | Tissie assimilated Albert to multiplicity; the concept of having more than one consciousness, an idea proposed by [[Étienne Eugène Azam|Eugene Azam]], a French surgeon and psychologist. Azam remarked that Albert had a "first" and "second" consciousness. The first being Albert in his normal, everyday "awake" state, and the second being his state of fugue. Azam found that Albert's state of fugue appeared more intelligent. This aligning of Albert's fugue to a case of double consciousness allowed for him to be directly compared with cases of multiplicity.<ref name=":16" /> |
Okumaya devam et...