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Okumaya devam et...
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| == Examples == | == Examples == |
| * '''Military–Industrial Complex''' — Businesses that supply the army with technology, vehicles, uniforms, artillery, etc. Profit of these businesses rely on international threats, rising tensions, and ultimately war, which potentially creates a conflict of interests in which peace and cooperation compromise economic activity of this industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Military-Industrial Complex|url=https://www.history.com/topics/21st...s-date=2020-11-02|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> | * '''Military–Industrial Complex''' — Businesses that supply the army with uniforms, artillery, etc, profit from the continuation of war and will be hurt by peace.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Military-Industrial Complex|url=https://www.history.com/topics/21st...s-date=2020-11-02|website=HISTORY|language=en}}</ref> |
| * '''Animal–Industrial Complex''' — Systematic and institutionalized exploitation of non-human animals, which requires breeding and killing animals in the billions in what has come to be known as the "[[Holocaust analogy in animal rights|animal holocaust]]",<ref name="Benatar2015">{{cite book |last=Benatar|first=David|author-link=David Benatar|editor1=S. Hannan |editor2=S. Brennan|editor3=R. Vernon|date=2015|title=Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting|chapter=The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=44|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6dBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|isbn=978-0199378128}}</ref><ref name="Best2014">{{cite book |last= Best|first=Steven|date=2014 |title=The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1137471116}}</ref>{{Rp|29–32, 97}}<ref name="Hedges2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/a-haven-from-the-animal-holocaust-2/ |title= A Haven From the Animal Holocaust |last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=August 3, 2015 |website=[[Truthdig]] |publisher= |access-date=August 29, 2021}}</ref> threatening human survival<ref name="sorenson2014">{{cite book|first=John|last=Sorenson|title=Critical Animal Studies: Thinking the Unthinkable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O85kAwAAQBAJ&q=Animal+industrial+complex |access-date=7 October 2018 |year=2014|publisher= Canadian Scholars' Press|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|isbn=978-1-55130-563-9}}</ref>{{Rp|299}} and resulting in environmental destruction such as [[climate change]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006>{{Citation |last1= Steinfeld|first1= Henning|last2= Gerber|first2= Pierre|last3= Wassenaar|first3= Tom|last4= Castel|first4= Vincent|last5= Rosales|first5= Mauricio|last6= de Haan|first6= Cees|year= 2006|title= Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options|publisher= FAO|location= Rome|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO report executive summary.pdf }}</ref> [[ocean acidification]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006/> [[biodiversity loss]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006/> spread of [[zoonotic diseases]],<ref name="Nibert2011">{{cite book |last= Nibert |first=David |editor1=Steven Best|editor2=Richard Kahn|editor3=Anthony J. Nocella II|editor4=Peter McLaren|author-link=David Nibert |editor1-link= Steven Best|editor4-link=Peter McLaren |date=2011|title=The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination|chapter=Origins and Consequences of the Animal Industrial Complex |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |pages=197–209|url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739136973/The-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination |isbn=978-0739136980}}</ref>{{Rp|198}}<ref name="BJC_Beirne2021">{{cite journal | last = Beirne | first = Piers | author-link = | title = Wildlife Trade and COVID-19: Towards a Criminology of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover | journal = The British Journal of Criminology | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 607–626 | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = May 2021 | language = | url = https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article/61/3/607/6031472?login=true | jstor = | issn = 1464-3529 | doi = 10.1093/bjc/azaa084 | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | access-date = 19 September 2021| pmc = 7953978 }}</ref><ref name="Adams1997">{{cite journal | last = Adams | first = Carol J. | author-link = Carol J. Adams | title = "Mad Cow" Disease and the Animal Industrial Complex: An Ecofeminist Analysis | journal = Organization & Environment | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–51 | publisher = SAGE Publications | date = 1997 | language = | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/26161653 | jstor = 26161653| issn = | doi = 10.1177/0921810697101007| id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | s2cid = 73275679 | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref> and the [[Holocene extinction|sixth mass extinction]].<ref name="WorldScientists">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF|title=World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=67|issue=12|pages=1026–1028|date=13 November 2017|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix125|url=http://scientistswarning.forestry.o...article_with_supp_11-13-17.pdf|quote=Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly 540 million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century.|hdl=11336/71342|hdl-access=free|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2019121...rticle_with_supp_11-13-17.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | * '''Animal–Industrial Complex''' — Systematic and institutionalized exploitation of non-human animals, which requires breeding and killing animals in the billions in what has come to be known as the "[[Holocaust analogy in animal rights|animal holocaust]]",<ref name="Benatar2015">{{cite book |last=Benatar|first=David|author-link=David Benatar|editor1=S. Hannan |editor2=S. Brennan|editor3=R. Vernon|date=2015|title=Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting|chapter=The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|page=44|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6dBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|isbn=978-0199378128}}</ref><ref name="Best2014">{{cite book |last= Best|first=Steven|date=2014 |title=The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1137471116}}</ref>{{Rp|29–32, 97}}<ref name="Hedges2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/a-haven-from-the-animal-holocaust-2/ |title= A Haven From the Animal Holocaust |last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=August 3, 2015 |website=[[Truthdig]] |publisher= |access-date=August 29, 2021}}</ref> threatening human survival<ref name="sorenson2014">{{cite book|first=John|last=Sorenson|title=Critical Animal Studies: Thinking the Unthinkable|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O85kAwAAQBAJ&q=Animal+industrial+complex |access-date=7 October 2018 |year=2014|publisher= Canadian Scholars' Press|location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada|isbn=978-1-55130-563-9}}</ref>{{Rp|299}} and resulting in environmental destruction such as [[climate change]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006>{{Citation |last1= Steinfeld|first1= Henning|last2= Gerber|first2= Pierre|last3= Wassenaar|first3= Tom|last4= Castel|first4= Vincent|last5= Rosales|first5= Mauricio|last6= de Haan|first6= Cees|year= 2006|title= Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options|publisher= FAO|location= Rome|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/climatechange/doc/FAO report executive summary.pdf }}</ref> [[ocean acidification]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006/> [[biodiversity loss]],<ref name=Steinfeld2006/> spread of [[zoonotic diseases]],<ref name="Nibert2011">{{cite book |last= Nibert |first=David |editor1=Steven Best|editor2=Richard Kahn|editor3=Anthony J. Nocella II|editor4=Peter McLaren|author-link=David Nibert |editor1-link= Steven Best|editor4-link=Peter McLaren |date=2011|title=The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination|chapter=Origins and Consequences of the Animal Industrial Complex |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |pages=197–209|url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739136973/The-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination |isbn=978-0739136980}}</ref>{{Rp|198}}<ref name="BJC_Beirne2021">{{cite journal | last = Beirne | first = Piers | author-link = | title = Wildlife Trade and COVID-19: Towards a Criminology of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover | journal = The British Journal of Criminology | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 607–626 | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = May 2021 | language = | url = https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article/61/3/607/6031472?login=true | jstor = | issn = 1464-3529 | doi = 10.1093/bjc/azaa084 | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | access-date = 19 September 2021| pmc = 7953978 }}</ref><ref name="Adams1997">{{cite journal | last = Adams | first = Carol J. | author-link = Carol J. Adams | title = "Mad Cow" Disease and the Animal Industrial Complex: An Ecofeminist Analysis | journal = Organization & Environment | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–51 | publisher = SAGE Publications | date = 1997 | language = | url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/26161653 | jstor = 26161653| issn = | doi = 10.1177/0921810697101007| id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | s2cid = 73275679 | access-date = 7 September 2021}}</ref> and the [[Holocene extinction|sixth mass extinction]].<ref name="WorldScientists">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ripple WJ, Wolf C, Newsome TM, Galetti M, Alamgir M, Crist E, Mahmoud MI, Laurance WF|title=World Scientists' Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice|journal=[[BioScience]]|volume=67|issue=12|pages=1026–1028|date=13 November 2017|doi=10.1093/biosci/bix125|url=http://scientistswarning.forestry.o...article_with_supp_11-13-17.pdf|quote=Moreover, we have unleashed a mass extinction event, the sixth in roughly 540 million years, wherein many current life forms could be annihilated or at least committed to extinction by the end of this century.|hdl=11336/71342|hdl-access=free|access-date=23 October 2021|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2019121...rticle_with_supp_11-13-17.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
| * '''Prison–Industrial Complex''' — Businesses in certain states can access labor from prisoners, which is cheaper than civilian labor. This creates an interest on incarceration derived by profitability.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice in America Episode 26: The Privatization of Prisons|url=https://theappeal.org/justice-in-am...f-prisons/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Appeal|language=en}}</ref> | * '''Prison–Industrial Complex''' — Businesses access labor from prisoners that is cheaper than civilian labor, thus they profit from high incarceration rates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice in America Episode 26: The Privatization of Prisons|url=https://theappeal.org/justice-in-am...f-prisons/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=The Appeal|language=en}}</ref> |
| * '''Medical–Industrial Complex''' — The final consumers of hospitals and pharmaceutical companies are the sick, the disabled, and those suffering from medical problems. It exists a conflict of interest, since healing patients permanently is less profitable than making them dependent on more lengthy or expensive solutions to their problems, or directly contributing to the worsening or generation of health problems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Relman |first1=Arnold S. |title=The New Medical-Industrial Complex |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 October 1980 |volume=303 |issue=17 |pages=963–970 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198010233031703 |pmid=7412851 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Inflation of drug and hospital prices contribute to the rising expense of healthcare in the United States.<ref>Wohl, Stanley. ''The Medical Industrial Complex / Stanley Wohl.'' First edition. New York: Harmony Book, 1984: 85-98</ref><ref>Lexchin J, Grootendorst P. Effects of Prescription Drug User Fees on Drug and Health Services Use and on Health Status in Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. International Journal of Health Services. 2004;34(1):101-122. doi:10.2190/4M3E-L0YF-W1TD-EKG0</ref> | * '''Medical–Industrial Complex''' — Hospitals and pharmaceutical companies require patients to be sick, thus business interests are at odds with the goal of making people healthy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Relman |first1=Arnold S. |title=The New Medical-Industrial Complex |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=23 October 1980 |volume=303 |issue=17 |pages=963–970 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198010233031703 |pmid=7412851 }}</ref> Inflation of drug and hospital prices contribute to the rising expense of healthcare in the United States.<ref>Wohl, Stanley. ''The Medical Industrial Complex / Stanley Wohl.'' First edition. New York: Harmony Book, 1984: 85-98</ref><ref>Lexchin J, Grootendorst P. Effects of Prescription Drug User Fees on Drug and Health Services Use and on Health Status in Vulnerable Populations: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. International Journal of Health Services. 2004;34(1):101-122. doi:10.2190/4M3E-L0YF-W1TD-EKG0</ref> |
| * '''Wedding/Marriage–Industrial Complex''' — Wedding-related businesses and vendors profit from the growing extravagance and cost of weddings and will be negatively impacted by smaller, cheaper events or [[elopement]]s, thus they perpetuate the pressure on brides to have expensive weddings.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-15|title=The wedding industrial complex|url=https://theweek.com/articles/463257...te=2020-11-02|website=theweek.com|language=en}}</ref> | |
| * '''(Hot) Take-Industrial Complex''' – Professional commentators need to express novel opinions (known as "hot takes") to differentiate themselves and capture audience attention, which leads to increasingly fringe ideas becoming the most prominent in the public discourse.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Stockton |first1=Nick |title=The 19th Century Argument for a 21st Century Space Force |url=https://www.wired.com/story/space-force-mahan-argument/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serazio |first1=Michael |title=Deadspin died just like it lived. The sports world will be worse off without it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outl...ed-sports-world-will-be-worse-off-without-it/ |access-date=21 May 2021 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=2 November 2019}}</ref> | * '''(Hot) Take-Industrial Complex''' – Professional commentators need to express novel opinions (known as "hot takes") to differentiate themselves and capture audience attention, which leads to increasingly fringe ideas becoming the most prominent in the public discourse.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Stockton |first1=Nick |title=The 19th Century Argument for a 21st Century Space Force |url=https://www.wired.com/story/space-force-mahan-argument/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serazio |first1=Michael |title=Deadspin died just like it lived. The sports world will be worse off without it. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/outl...ed-sports-world-will-be-worse-off-without-it/ |access-date=21 May 2021 |newspaper=Washington Post |date=2 November 2019}}</ref> |
| *'''Non-profit industrial complex''', or "'''NPIC'''", is a term which is used by [[social justice]] activists to describe the way [[Non-profit organization|non-profit organizations]], [[governments]], and [[Corporation|businesses]] are related. The [[academic genealogy]] of the term follows the lineage of what social justice activists and scholars such as [[Angela Davis]] and [[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]] (no relation) have called the [[Prison–industrial complex|Prison-Industrial Complex]], which, too, follows an earlier critique of the military-industrial complex. Many [[Activism|activists]] carry out their work as [[Employee|employees]] of or with the assistance of non-profit organizations. Many of their goals need money in order to be achieved, and nonprofits are registered with the [[government]] in order to be allowed to receive large amounts of money legally. These activist nonprofits usually get money from even bigger nonprofits, which are connected to big businesses and rich people who control [[industries]]. But because many activists criticize things in society that businesses and rich people support, they might not get the money if they are too critical. So in order to stay funded, they may have to change the ideas they have for improving society to be more acceptable to industry. People who believe these kinds of relationships between activists and industries are harmful to activism use the term non-profit industrial complex as a faster way to discuss these relationships, instead of explaining the whole system each time. They have written many articles and books describing the effects of the NPIC by studying patterns of funding or discussing how the goals of some activists changed once their movements began to receive more money.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The revolution will not be funded: beyond the non-profit industrial complex |date=2017 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-6380-4 |editor-last=Incite! Women of Color Against Violence |location=Durham}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Political Logic of the Non-Profit Industrial Complex, 21 |date=2020-12-31 |work=The Revolution Will Not Be Funded |pages=21–40 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822373001-004 |access-date=2024-04-23 |publisher=Duke University Press}}</ref> | *'''Non-profit industrial complex''', or "'''NPIC'''", is a term which is used by [[social justice]] activists to describe the way [[Non-profit organization|non-profit organizations]], [[governments]], and [[Corporation|businesses]] are related. The [[academic genealogy]] of the term follows the lineage of what social justice activists and scholars such as [[Angela Davis]] and [[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]] (no relation) have called the [[Prison–industrial complex|Prison-Industrial Complex]], which, too, follows an earlier critique of the military-industrial complex. Many [[Activism|activists]] carry out their work as [[Employee|employees]] of or with the assistance of non-profit organizations. Many of their goals need money in order to be achieved, and nonprofits are registered with the [[government]] in order to be allowed to receive large amounts of money legally. These activist nonprofits usually get money from even bigger nonprofits, which are connected to big businesses and rich people who control [[industries]]. But because many activists criticize things in society that businesses and rich people support, they might not get the money if they are too critical. So in order to stay funded, they may have to change the ideas they have for improving society to be more acceptable to industry. People who believe these kinds of relationships between activists and industries are harmful to activism use the term non-profit industrial complex as a faster way to discuss these relationships, instead of explaining the whole system each time. They have written many articles and books describing the effects of the NPIC by studying patterns of funding or discussing how the goals of some activists changed once their movements began to receive more money.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The revolution will not be funded: beyond the non-profit industrial complex |date=2017 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-6380-4 |editor-last=Incite! Women of Color Against Violence |location=Durham}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Political Logic of the Non-Profit Industrial Complex, 21 |date=2020-12-31 |work=The Revolution Will Not Be Funded |pages=21–40 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822373001-004 |access-date=2024-04-23 |publisher=Duke University Press}}</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...