Undid edits by SMH2023s (talk) to last revision by Marcin Rychlewicz
Okumaya devam et...
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| ====East Asia==== | ====East Asia==== |
| {{Further|Chinese astronomy}} | {{Further|Chinese astronomy}} |
| In [[History of China#Ancient China|ancient China]], the prevailing belief was that the Earth was flat and square, while the heavens were round.<ref name="needham volume 3 498">{{cite book | last=Needham | first=J. | title=Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1959 | isbn=978-0-521-05801-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfQ9E0u4pLAC | page=498}}</ref><ref name="Jean-Claude Martzloff 69">{{cite journal |last=Martzloff |first=Jean-Claude |date=1993–1994 |title=Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries |url=http://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/526/457 |journal=Chinese Science |issue=11 |pages=66–92 [p. 69] |jstor=43290474 |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2019090...rg/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/526/457 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cullen on Needham">{{cite journal |last=Cullen |first=Christopher |date=1980 |title=Joseph Needham on Chinese Astronomy |journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]] |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=39–53 [pp. 42, 49] |doi=10.1093/past/87.1.39 |jstor=650565}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Cullen |first=Christopher |date=1976 |title=A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮 南 子 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=106–27 [pp. 107–09] |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00052137|s2cid=171017315 }}</ref> The English [[Sinology|sinologist]] Cullen emphasizes the point that there was no concept of a round Earth in ancient Chinese astronomy:<ref name="Cullen">{{cite journal |first=Christopher |last=Cullen |title=A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮 南 子 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=1976 |pages=106–27 [p. 107] |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00052137 |s2cid=171017315 }}</ref> | In [[History of China#Ancient China|ancient China]], the prevailing belief was that the Earth was flat and square, while the heavens were round,<ref name="needham volume 3 498">{{cite book | last=Needham | first=J. | title=Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1959 | isbn=978-0-521-05801-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfQ9E0u4pLAC | page=498}}</ref> an assumption virtually unquestioned until the introduction of European astronomy in the 17th century.<ref name="Jean-Claude Martzloff 69">{{cite journal |last=Martzloff |first=Jean-Claude |date=1993–1994 |title=Space and Time in Chinese Texts of Astronomy and of Mathematical Astronomy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries |url=http://www.eastm.org/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/526/457 |journal=Chinese Science |issue=11 |pages=66–92 [p. 69] |jstor=43290474 |access-date=2018-01-23 |archive-date=2019-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2019090...rg/index.php/journal/article/viewFile/526/457 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cullen on Needham">{{cite journal |last=Cullen |first=Christopher |date=1980 |title=Joseph Needham on Chinese Astronomy |journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]] |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=39–53 [pp. 42, 49] |doi=10.1093/past/87.1.39 |jstor=650565}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Cullen |first=Christopher |date=1976 |title=A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮 南 子 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=106–27 [pp. 107–09] |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00052137|s2cid=171017315 }}</ref> The English [[Sinology|sinologist]] Cullen emphasizes the point that there was no concept of a round Earth in ancient Chinese astronomy:<ref name="Cullen">{{cite journal |first=Christopher |last=Cullen |title=A Chinese Eratosthenes of the Flat Earth: A Study of a Fragment of Cosmology in Huai Nan tzu 淮 南 子 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=39 |issue=1 |date=1976 |pages=106–27 [p. 107] |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00052137 |s2cid=171017315 }}</ref> |
| {{blockquote|Chinese thought on the form of the Earth remained almost unchanged from early times until the first contacts with modern science through the medium of [[Jesuit]] missionaries in the seventeenth century. While the heavens were variously described as being like an umbrella covering the Earth (the Kai Tian theory), or like a sphere surrounding it (the Hun Tian theory), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely (the Hsüan yeh theory), the Earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly.}} | {{blockquote|Chinese thought on the form of the Earth remained almost unchanged from early times until the first contacts with modern science through the medium of [[Jesuit]] missionaries in the seventeenth century. While the heavens were variously described as being like an umbrella covering the Earth (the Kai Tian theory), or like a sphere surrounding it (the Hun Tian theory), or as being without substance while the heavenly bodies float freely (the Hsüan yeh theory), the Earth was at all times flat, although perhaps bulging up slightly.}} |
Okumaya devam et...