Tinkaer1991:
{{Short description|Battle between Mughals and Europeans in Balasore, 1647}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Balasore
| place = [[Balasore]], (modern-day [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| partof = [[Dano-Mughal War]]
| date = 26 December 1673
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q641098|region:IN-OR_type:city(144,000)|display=inline,title}}
| result = See [[#Aftermath|Aftermath]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Danish India}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} Willem Leyel<br />{{flagicon|Danish India}} Christen Clausen<br />
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} Malik Beg
| units1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} ''Christianhavn''<br />{{flagicon|Danish India}} ''The Bengali Prize''
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} Unknown
| strength1 = 5 Ships
| strength2 = Multiple ships<br />16 guns<br />1000 men
| casualties2 = 1 ship<br />8 elephants
| casualties3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}}9-12 ships
| casualties1 = Unknown
| image = Balasore map crop.png
| caption = Detailed map of Balasore and Pipeley, 1794
| image_size = 335
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Danish colonial conflicts}}
| combatant3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}} [[East India Company|British East India]]<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}} [[Dutch India]]
| commander3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}} Richard Hudson
| units3 = Unknown
| strength3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}}+13 ships<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}} 2 ships<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}}60 men
}}
The '''Battle of Balasore''' ([[Danish language|Danish]]; ''Slaget ved Balasore'') was an engagement between [[Bengalis|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]] ships against Danish ships at [[Balasore]]. When the English failed to persuade the Danes, the Bengalis started attacking the English vessel, yet the English were rescued by the Dutch.
== Background ==
In 1643 Willem Leyel deposed governor Bernt Pessart as [[Overhoved|''overhoved'']] of [[Danish India]].{{Sfn|Knudsen|2017}} In the preceeding year Pessart had declared war on the [[Mughal Empire]].{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=448}} Leyel continued the privateering war against the Mughals as a source of revenue and income.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=}}
In 1647 the privateer war still waged, and in December that year a noticeable incident was recorded by the English at Balasore.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=}}
== Battle ==
The English at Balasore was given a good reception at Balasore.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=163}} Yet when a Danish fleet of five ships, including ''Christianshavn'' and ''The Bengali Prize'', appeared things suddenly started to change.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=163}} The Danes had come to settle their long standing grievances and debts against the Mughal authorities by force.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}
=== Confrontation with the Danish ===
Danes seized one of the [[Moors|Moorish]] ships with eight elephants at the habour.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} At the request of Governor Malik Beg, the English twice attmepted to persuade the escaping Danish fleet.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}} When this proved a failure for the English, the Mughals informed the English that they now would have to compensate the damage made by the Danes since both Europeans were [[Christians]].{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}}
{{multiple image
| image1 = A Chart of Mouths of Hoogly River and of the Roads of Balasore and Piply Material cartográfico From Point Palmiras to Lacam s Channel with t.jpg
| image2 = Balasore map crop small.png
| footer =
| width1 = 150
| width2 = 150
| total_width = 200
| align = left
| header = [[bengal]]
| direction = vertical
| caption1 = Chart of the Mouths of the [[Hooghly River]] and of the [[Balasore Roads|Roads of Balasore]] and Piply
| caption2 = Close-up image of Balasore and the [[Budhabalanga River]]
}}
=== Prelude ===
The English then tried to escape the habour, yet were [[Blockade|blockaded]] by the Mughals, who placed guns at strategic points and summoned a large force of soldiers.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} Meanwhile a letter from the [[Nawab]] arrived with a captian and 500 [[cavalry]], demanding to meet the English outside of the town.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=174}} The English factors refused the demands of the letter.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
=== Battle ===
When the Nawab heard the English rejection he called {{Abbr|c|circa}} 1.000 soldiers and placed nine guns in strategic positions around the habour.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} The following day additional guns were planted.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The English could not leave the habour and the [[Budhabalanga River]] because of a blockade.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} The Bengalis had already seized 3-4 English boats and 6-8 smaller vessels in the river.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
Things escalated when the Bengalis fired at the British [[warehouse]] in Balasore.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The English took position with their guns and a insuing confrontation lasted four hours.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
Because of the blockade, the [[Dutch East India Company]]'s business was stopped, and was thus fored to join the English course.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The Dutch send 60 men and 2 ships to Balasore, which unprovoked the attack on the English.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
== Aftermath ==
At the time of the Battle the Danes had presumably already managed to bring tehmselves and their [[Prize (law)|prize]] to safety. The war between the Danes and Mughals in Bengal hindered the prospects of trade of the English and Dutch at Balasore.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}
== See also ==
* {{Annotated link|First Anglo-Maratha War}}
* {{Annotated link|Cattle War}}
* {{Annotated link|Loss of the St. Jacob}}
* {{Annotated link|Dano-Mughal War}}
* {{Annotated link|Capture of St. Michael}}
* {{Annotated link|Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca}}
== References ==
{{Ref-list}}
=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book |last=Wellen |first=Kathryn |url=https://www.kitlv.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Mughal.pdf |title=The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642-1698 |publisher=Royal Netherlands Institute for Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies |year=2015 |isbn= |edition= |location=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url= |title=The Trials and Travels of Willem Leyel |publisher=[[Museum Tusculanum Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=9788763530231 |edition= |location=Copenhagen}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/928692.pdf |title=Søhistoriske Skrifter |publisher=Handels- og Søfartsmuseet Kronborg |year=1999 |isbn= |edition= |volume=XXI |location=Copenhagen |language=Danish}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leyel |first=Willem |url=https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/other/index-creator/149/103799/23436633 |title=Rentekammerafdelingen: Willum Leyels arkiv (1639–1648) |publisher=Danske Kancelli |year=1644 |isbn= |edition= |volume= |location= |language=Danish}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jagadish |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140917?seq=7 |title=NOTES ON BALASORE AND THE ENGLISH IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY |publisher=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1950 |isbn= |edition= |volume=13 |location= |language=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Foster |first=William |url=https://ia801409.us.archive.org/32/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.223801/2015.223801.The-English_text.pdf |title=THE ENGLISH FACTORIESIN INDIA 1646— 1650 |publisher=Oxford |year=1914 |isbn= |edition= |volume= |location= |language=}}
=== Websites ===
* {{Cite web |last=Knudsen |first=Karin |date=2017 |title=Kolonien Trankebar |url=https://www.foreningen-trankebar.dk/402582377.html |website=Trankebar Foreningen}}
[[Category:Battles involving England]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Battles involving Denmark]]
[[Category:Battles involving Norway]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1640s in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Military history of the Dutch East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Dutch East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company]]
Okumaya devam et...
{{Short description|Battle between Mughals and Europeans in Balasore, 1647}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Balasore
| place = [[Balasore]], (modern-day [[Odisha]], [[India]])
| partof = [[Dano-Mughal War]]
| date = 26 December 1673
| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q641098|region:IN-OR_type:city(144,000)|display=inline,title}}
| result = See [[#Aftermath|Aftermath]]
| combatant1 = {{flag|Danish India}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} [[Bengal Subah]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} Willem Leyel<br />{{flagicon|Danish India}} Christen Clausen<br />
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} Malik Beg
| units1 = {{flagicon|Danish India}} ''Christianhavn''<br />{{flagicon|Danish India}} ''The Bengali Prize''
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Bengal (15th-18th century).svg}} Unknown
| strength1 = 5 Ships
| strength2 = Multiple ships<br />16 guns<br />1000 men
| casualties2 = 1 ship<br />8 elephants
| casualties3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}}9-12 ships
| casualties1 = Unknown
| image = Balasore map crop.png
| caption = Detailed map of Balasore and Pipeley, 1794
| image_size = 335
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Danish colonial conflicts}}
| combatant3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}} [[East India Company|British East India]]<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}} [[Dutch India]]
| commander3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}} Richard Hudson
| units3 = Unknown
| strength3 = {{flagicon image|British East India Company flag.svg|23px}}+13 ships<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}} 2 ships<br />{{Flagicon|VOC}}60 men
}}
The '''Battle of Balasore''' ([[Danish language|Danish]]; ''Slaget ved Balasore'') was an engagement between [[Bengalis|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]] ships against Danish ships at [[Balasore]]. When the English failed to persuade the Danes, the Bengalis started attacking the English vessel, yet the English were rescued by the Dutch.
== Background ==
In 1643 Willem Leyel deposed governor Bernt Pessart as [[Overhoved|''overhoved'']] of [[Danish India]].{{Sfn|Knudsen|2017}} In the preceeding year Pessart had declared war on the [[Mughal Empire]].{{Sfn|Wellen|2015|p=448}} Leyel continued the privateering war against the Mughals as a source of revenue and income.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=}}
In 1647 the privateer war still waged, and in December that year a noticeable incident was recorded by the English at Balasore.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=}}
== Battle ==
The English at Balasore was given a good reception at Balasore.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=163}} Yet when a Danish fleet of five ships, including ''Christianshavn'' and ''The Bengali Prize'', appeared things suddenly started to change.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=163}} The Danes had come to settle their long standing grievances and debts against the Mughal authorities by force.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}
=== Confrontation with the Danish ===
Danes seized one of the [[Moors|Moorish]] ships with eight elephants at the habour.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} At the request of Governor Malik Beg, the English twice attmepted to persuade the escaping Danish fleet.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}} When this proved a failure for the English, the Mughals informed the English that they now would have to compensate the damage made by the Danes since both Europeans were [[Christians]].{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}}
{{multiple image
| image1 = A Chart of Mouths of Hoogly River and of the Roads of Balasore and Piply Material cartográfico From Point Palmiras to Lacam s Channel with t.jpg
| image2 = Balasore map crop small.png
| footer =
| width1 = 150
| width2 = 150
| total_width = 200
| align = left
| header = [[bengal]]
| direction = vertical
| caption1 = Chart of the Mouths of the [[Hooghly River]] and of the [[Balasore Roads|Roads of Balasore]] and Piply
| caption2 = Close-up image of Balasore and the [[Budhabalanga River]]
}}
=== Prelude ===
The English then tried to escape the habour, yet were [[Blockade|blockaded]] by the Mughals, who placed guns at strategic points and summoned a large force of soldiers.{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} Meanwhile a letter from the [[Nawab]] arrived with a captian and 500 [[cavalry]], demanding to meet the English outside of the town.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=174}} The English factors refused the demands of the letter.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
=== Battle ===
When the Nawab heard the English rejection he called {{Abbr|c|circa}} 1.000 soldiers and placed nine guns in strategic positions around the habour.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} The following day additional guns were planted.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The English could not leave the habour and the [[Budhabalanga River]] because of a blockade.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}{{Sfn|Bredsdorff|2009|p=164}} The Bengalis had already seized 3-4 English boats and 6-8 smaller vessels in the river.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
Things escalated when the Bengalis fired at the British [[warehouse]] in Balasore.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The English took position with their guns and a insuing confrontation lasted four hours.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
Because of the blockade, the [[Dutch East India Company]]'s business was stopped, and was thus fored to join the English course.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}} The Dutch send 60 men and 2 ships to Balasore, which unprovoked the attack on the English.{{Sfn|Foster|1914|p=175}}
== Aftermath ==
At the time of the Battle the Danes had presumably already managed to bring tehmselves and their [[Prize (law)|prize]] to safety. The war between the Danes and Mughals in Bengal hindered the prospects of trade of the English and Dutch at Balasore.{{Sfn|Sarkar|1950|p=215}}
== See also ==
* {{Annotated link|First Anglo-Maratha War}}
* {{Annotated link|Cattle War}}
* {{Annotated link|Loss of the St. Jacob}}
* {{Annotated link|Dano-Mughal War}}
* {{Annotated link|Capture of St. Michael}}
* {{Annotated link|Skirmish at the Strait of Malacca}}
== References ==
{{Ref-list}}
=== Sources ===
* {{Cite book |last=Wellen |first=Kathryn |url=https://www.kitlv.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Mughal.pdf |title=The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642-1698 |publisher=Royal Netherlands Institute for Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies |year=2015 |isbn= |edition= |location=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url= |title=The Trials and Travels of Willem Leyel |publisher=[[Museum Tusculanum Press]] |year=2009 |isbn=9788763530231 |edition= |location=Copenhagen}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bredsdorff |first=Asta |url=https://slaegtsbibliotek.dk/928692.pdf |title=Søhistoriske Skrifter |publisher=Handels- og Søfartsmuseet Kronborg |year=1999 |isbn= |edition= |volume=XXI |location=Copenhagen |language=Danish}}
* {{Cite book |last=Leyel |first=Willem |url=https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/other/index-creator/149/103799/23436633 |title=Rentekammerafdelingen: Willum Leyels arkiv (1639–1648) |publisher=Danske Kancelli |year=1644 |isbn= |edition= |volume= |location= |language=Danish}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Jagadish |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140917?seq=7 |title=NOTES ON BALASORE AND THE ENGLISH IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY |publisher=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |year=1950 |isbn= |edition= |volume=13 |location= |language=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Foster |first=William |url=https://ia801409.us.archive.org/32/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.223801/2015.223801.The-English_text.pdf |title=THE ENGLISH FACTORIESIN INDIA 1646— 1650 |publisher=Oxford |year=1914 |isbn= |edition= |volume= |location= |language=}}
=== Websites ===
* {{Cite web |last=Knudsen |first=Karin |date=2017 |title=Kolonien Trankebar |url=https://www.foreningen-trankebar.dk/402582377.html |website=Trankebar Foreningen}}
[[Category:Battles involving England]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Battles involving Denmark]]
[[Category:Battles involving Norway]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1640s in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Military history of the Dutch East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Dutch East India Company]]
[[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company]]
Okumaya devam et...