Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras

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Barr Theo: Creating Alberto Bosch (A. B.)


{{Short description|Spanish engineer, lawyer, and politician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Alberto Bosch
| image = Alberto Bosch y Fustigueras.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Alberto Bosch on 22 October 1885
| birth_name = Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1848|12|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tortosa]], [[Catalonia]], Spain
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1900|05|13|1848|12|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Madrid]], Spain
| resting_place =
| citizenship = Spanish
| known_for = [[List of mayors of Madrid|Mayor of Madrid]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Engineer
* Lawyer
* Writer
* Politician
}}
| module = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| name = Alberto Bosch
| office = [[List of mayors of Madrid|Mayor of Madrid]]
| term_start = 1885
| term_end = 1885
| predecessor = [[Gonzalo de Saavedra y Cueto]]
| successor = [[Andrés Mellado]]
| term_start2 = 1891
| term_end2 = 1892
| predecessor2 = [[Faustino Rodríguez-San Pedro y Díaz-Argüelles|Faustino Rodríguez]]
| successor2 = [[Francisco de Cubas|Marqués de Cubas]]
| office3 = [[List of mayors of Madrid|Mayor of Madrid]]
| term_start3 = 23 March 1895
| term_end3 = 14 December 1895
| predecessor3 = {{ill|Joaquín López Puigcerver|es|lt=Joaquín López Puigcerver}}
| successor3 = {{ill|Aureliano Linares Rivas|es|lt=Aureliano Linares Rivas}}
| height =
}}
}}
'''Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras''' (26 December 1848 – 13 May 1900<ref name=Congreso>{{Cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/es/historic...mostrarDetalle&_historicodiputados_nume=34416 |title=BOSCH Y FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO . 34. Elecciones 21.8.1881 - Congreso de los Diputados |trans-title=BOSCH AND FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO. 34. Elections 8/21/1881 - Congress of Deputies |language=es |website=www.congreso.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref>) was a Spanish engineer, lawyer, and politician, who served as a [[List of mayors of Madrid|Mayor of Madrid]] twice, in 1885 and in 1891–92,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.madrid.es/portales/muni...nnel=8db7566813946010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD |title=Alcaldes de Madrid. 1842 - 1900 - Ayuntamiento de Madrid |trans-title=Mayors of Madrid. 1842 - 1900 - Madrid City Council |language=es |website=www.madrid.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> and later as a [[Ministry of Development (Spain)|Development Minister of Spain]] during the [[Regency of Maria Christina of Austria]].<ref name=Academia>{{cite web |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/9032/alberto-bosch-y-fustegueras |title=Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras - Real Academia de la Historia |trans-title=Alberto Bosch y Fustegueras - Royal Academy of History |language=es |website=dbe.rah.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> He was also a [[Congress of Deputies|Deputy of Spain]] for [[Roquetes, Tarragona]], between 1881 and 1884,<ref name=Congreso/> a Senator for the Economic Society of Madrid between 1886 and 1890, and then [[Senator for life|for life]] between 1891 and 1900.<ref name=Senado>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senado.es/web/conocerse...923/senadores/fichasenador/index.html?id1=429 |title=BOSCH AND FUSTEGUERAS, ALBERTO |language=es |website=www.senado.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref>

He was a president of the {{ill|Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País|es|lt=''Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País''}} and of the Faculty of Sciences and Letters, and also worked as an assistant professor of Mathematical Physics at the [[Complutense University of Madrid|Central University]].<ref name=Rac>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083919/http://www.rac.es/2/2_ficha.php?id=367&idN3=&idN4=&i=1 |title=Excmo. Sr. D. ALBERTO BOSCH Y FUSTEGUERAS |trans-title=Hon. Mr. ALBERTO BOSCH Y FUSTEGUERAS |website=www.rac.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> He was the author of many and varied scientific productions, most notably ''Estudios trigonométricos'', ''Manual de Astronomía popular'', ''La agricultura española en el siglo XIX'', and ''Geometría aplicada a las Artes''.<ref name=Rac/>

==Early and education==
Alberto Bosch was born in [[Tortosa]] on 26 December 1848, as the son of Miguel Bosch and Maria Antonia Fustegueras y Bagá.<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Geni>{{cite web |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Alberto-Bosch-Fustegueras/6000000040121165490 |title=Alberto Bosch Fustegueras (Bosch y Fustegueras) (deceased) - Genealogy |website=www.geni.com |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> His father, a [[forestry]] engineer and [[surgeon]] at the same time, had a certain public profile in the former area, as a member of official organizations and author of technical works.<ref name=Academia/>

Bosch completed his secondary and university studies in [[Madrid]], the city where the family lived for a long time, and accumulated up to three degrees, obtaining a doctorate in [[Law degree|law]] and also graduating in Exact Sciences and [[civil engineering]].<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Rac/> As a result of the wide range of his degrees, he diversified his actions in his first years of professional activity, beginning careers in [[medicine]] and [[pharmacy]].<ref name=Academia/> His political career only began in 1873, at the age of 25, when he joined the [[Conservative Party (Spain)|Conservative Party]].<ref name=Academia/>

==Professional career==
As an engineer, Bosch was a member of the {{ill|Escuela de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)|es|lt=Roads, Canals, and Ports school}} and worked in the early 1870s on the topographic map prepared by the Geographic Institute.<ref name=Academia/> He maintained his assignment to said body in the following years, although in a supernumerary position.<ref name=Academia/>

As a lawyer, Bosch presided over the Legal Academy in Madrid in the 1876–77 academic year and was a professor at the [[Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation]].<ref name=Academia/> Although he barely worked, his participation can be cited in the report prepared in 1882 by a group of jurists for the Transatlantic Company, regarding the awarding of the mail steamer service to the [[Antilles]].<ref name=Academia/> He was also a director of the [[Caja Madrid|''Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Madrid'']].<ref name=Academia/>

As an academic, Bosch was closely linked to the ''Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País'', and in 1875, he published in the context of its centenary, the work ''El Centenario: apuntes para la historia de la Sociedad Económica Matritense''.<ref name=Academia/> Later he came to preside over it and obtained several elections to the Senate for the corporate seat belonging to the entity.<ref name=Academia/> On 23 March 1890 he entered the [[Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences]] with the speech "Applications of mathematics to moral and political sciences", and he stayed there until his death 10 years later.<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Rac/> As a [[mathematician]], he also entered the [[Complutense University of Madrid|University of Madrid]] as an assistant professor of Mathematical Physics.<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Rac/> He published many and varied scientific productions, including ''Estudios trigonométricos'' (1875) at the university level and, with a more informative intention, ''Manual de Astronomía popular'' (1879) and ''Elementos de fisiología'' (1882).<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Rac/>

==Politic career==
Bosch began his political career around 1873 when he joined the [[Conservative Party (Spain)|Conservative Party]].<ref name=Academia/> He held his first parliamentary representation in 1878, when he premiered as a deputy for the district of [[Roquetes, Tarragona]], within the Cortes of 1876–1879, the first of the [[Restoration (Spain)|Restoration]].<ref name=Academia/> He repeated his seat in the elections of 1879 and 1881,<ref name=Congreso/> and in 1886 he was appointed senator by the Economic Society of Madrid.<ref name=Senado/>

A member of the Conservative Party of [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]], Bosch was in the sector headed by [[Francisco Romero Robledo]].<ref name=Academia/> While he was Minister of the Interior, he was appointed general director of [[Prison|Penal Establishments]] (9 March 1880 to 12 February 1881), and as such he attended the International Penitentiary Conference held in Paris in November 1880, and wrote a technical memory upon his return.<ref name=Academia/> Upon taking office, he had to cease being a deputy; however, he was re-elected in the following year, in the [[1881 Spanish general election|elections of 1881]], wherein a demonstration of his growing political strength, he obtained simultaneous election as deputy for Roquetas and as senator for the Economic Society of Madrid, and despite being in the opposition, he opted for the first of these representations.<ref name=Academia/> Always an active deputy, Bosch consolidated himself in the Cortes of 1881–1884 as one of the main assets of the so-called "hussars", the political sector headed by Romero.<ref name=Academia/> In 1883 he was appointed member of the official commission in charge of organizing Spanish participation in the [[International Colonial and Export Exhibition]] in [[Amsterdam]].<ref name=Academia/>

[[File:El fomento de la higiene, por Mecachis.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Bosch caricatured by [[Eduardo Sáenz Hermúa|Mecachis]].]]
In 1884, Bosch married Elena Herreros Alvarruiz, and the couple had at least three children, María, Carlos, and Enrique Bosch Herreros.<ref name=Geni/> Herreros was a native of [[Tarazona]] and had properties in [[El Bonillo]], [[Albacete]], so in the 1884 elections, he obtained the position of deputy for the district of Albacete, which he held in the Cortes of 1884–1886.<ref name=Academia/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/es/historic...mostrarDetalle&_historicodiputados_nume=35004 |title=BOSCH Y FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO . 35. Elecciones 27.4.1884 - Congreso de los Diputados |trans-title=BOSCH AND FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO. 35. Elections 27.4.1884 - Congress of Deputies |language=es |website=www.congreso.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> With Romero again in the Government, in January 1884 he was appointed undersecretary of the Ministry and took care of several specific missions, as delegate of the [[Generalitat de Catalunya|Government in Catalonia]] for the organization of the health service and interim general director of [[Ministry of Health (Spain)|Charity and Health]] and also of [[Correos|Posts and Telegraphs]].<ref name=Academia/> He was then mayor of Madrid from 3 April to 30 November 1885, a position in which he had to face the [[cholera]] epidemic of that year, more fortunately than his political boss Romero, who had to resign as minister due to his performance in the same circumstances.<ref name=Academia/>

At the end of 1885, after the death of [[Alfonso XII]] and the transfer of power from Cánovas to [[Práxedes Mateo Sagasta]], Bosch followed Romero in his split from the party and in its political evolution in the following years.<ref name=Academia/> He was a director of the short-lived [[Liberal Reformist Party (Spain)|Liberal-Reformist Party]] between 1886 and 1888, and he then re-entered the conservative ranks in 1891.<ref name=Academia/> In the 1886 elections, his candidacy for [[Alcaraz, Albacete]], was defeated, but he was able to obtain the Senate seat for the Economic Society of Madrid, which he exercised in the Cortes from 1886 to 1890, displaying enormous parliamentary activity.<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Senado/>

In the [[1891 Spanish general election|1891 elections]], Bosch returned to Congress representing Roquetes again, repeating his 1884 feat of being elected as a deputy for Roquetas and senator for the Economic Society of Madrid, and he once again opted for the first of these positions, which in turn he left on 28 January 1892 to take up a life senatorship.<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Senado/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.congreso.es/es/historic...mostrarDetalle&_historicodiputados_nume=37404 |title=BOSCH Y FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO . 37. Elecciones 1.2.1891 - Congreso de los Diputados |trans-title=BOSCH AND FUSTEGUERAS ALBERTO. 37. Elections 1.2.1891 - Congress of Deputies |language=es |website=www.congreso.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> In November 1891, and in the context of distancing between [[Francisco Silvela]] and Cánovas and rapprochement between him and Romero, he again held the mayor's office of Madrid between 26 November 1891 and 6 November 1892, while Romero held the [[Ministry of Overseas (Spain)|Ultramar portfolio]].<ref name=Academia/> Between 1891 and 1893, he wrote several letters addressed to Cánovas on various matters related to the mayor of Madrid, such as the opening of {{ill|Calle de Velázquezs|es|lt=Velázquez Street}} and placement of the [[Diego Velázquez|painter's]] statue, prohibition on the sale of cod, as well as other personal and political matters, such as the election of the deputy for Roquetas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pares.mcu.es/ParesBusquedas20/catalogo/description/4575794 |title=Cartas de Alberto Bosch Fustegueras, alcalde de Madrid y senador, a Antonio Cánovas del Castillo |trans-title=Letters from Alberto Bosch Fustegueras, mayor of Madrid and senator, to Antonio Cánovas del Castillo |language=es |website=pares.mcu.es |access-date=4 May 2024 }}</ref> With a delicate municipal situation and the hostility of the Silvela faction, his approval of the municipal budgets and an unpopular tax that caused street riots, such as the so-called {{ill|Motín de las verduleras (1892)|es|lt=mutiny of the greengrocers}} in July 1892, and triggered a relentless investigation of the municipality by the Minister of the Interior, [[Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde]], until Bosch finally presented his resignation in November 1892 and Romero followed his lead, willing to support the former lieutenant of his hussars.<ref name=Academia/> Villaverde also proposed a prosecution for alleged irregularities, but the request to prosecute him did not prosper in the Senate.<ref name=Academia/> In the subsequent strong debates in Congress and the Senate, Bosch led a new challenge to the Government with harsh accusations against Villaverde, which precipitated the fall of the Conservative Government.<ref name=Academia/>

In 1895, in a new Government chaired by Cánovas and in a position of challenging the causes that had motivated the crisis of 1892, Romero took over the portfolio of [[Ministry of Justice (Spain)|Grace and Justice]], while Bosch held his first and only portfolio, that of [[Ministry of Development (Spain)|Development]] between 23 March and 14 December 1895.<ref name=Academia/> In the few months he held the office, he organized the State's civil engineering corps, secondary education, arts and crafts education, and promoted fish farming, among other actions.<ref name=Academia/> However, the issue of the City Council reappeared, in a new episode of the confrontation between Romero and Silvela, with the opening of a judicial process against councilors and contractors and a large citizen demonstration, sponsored by the ''Círculo de la Unión Mercantil''.<ref name=Academia/> The involvement of people trusted by Bosch led him to resign, and he was once again followed by Romero, who also presented his own.<ref name=Academia/>

In 1897, Bosch distanced himself from Romero due to his position regarding the reforms in [[Cuba]]. After the murder of Cánovas in that same year and the reorganization of the different conservative factions, the separation became even greater, and Bosch then approached the group called the Santo Sepulcro. In March 1900, shortly before his death, he was appointed member of the Technical Board created at the initiative of the Social Reform Commission for the prevention of accidents at work.<ref name=Academia/>

Bosch continued his career in the [[Senate of Spain|Senate]], first as a senator for the Economic Society of Madrid between 1886 and 1890, and then [[Senator for life|for life]] between 1891 and 1900.<ref name=Senado/>

==Personal life==
His sister Josefa was married to the politician Carlos Martín Murga. His son, Enrique Bosch y Herrera, was also a deputy.<ref name=Academia/> He had several decorations, such as the Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit.<ref name=Academia/>

During his second mayorship of Madrid, the [[Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones|Count of Romanones]] delivered an ignominious tirade to Bosch from his parliamentary seat in 1892,{{Sfn|Antón del Olmet|Torres Bernal|1922|pp=83–84}} so much that the offended called for a [[duel]], which was held on 10 July 1892 in [[Leganés]].{{Sfn|Antón del Olmet|Torres Bernal|1922|pp=83–87}} The combatants crossed two shots.{{Sfn|Antón del Olmet|Torres Bernal|1922|p=87}}

==Death==
Bosch died in [[Madrid]] on 13 May 1900, at the age 51, due to uremia, he was buried on his farm in El Bonillo.<ref name=Academia/>

==Works==
<ref name=Academia/><ref name=Rac/>
* ''Estudios trigonométricos'' ("Trigonometric Studies") (1875)
* ''El Centenario: apuntes para la historia de la Sociedad Económica Matritense'' (The centenary: notes for the history of the Matritense Economic Society) 1875
* ''Manual de Astronomía popular'' ("Manual of Popular Astronomy") (1879)
* ''Elementos de fisiología'' ("Elements of Physiology") (1882)
* ''La agricultura española en el siglo XIX'' ("Spanish Agriculture in the 19th Century")
* ''Geometría aplicada a las Artes'' ("Geometry Applied to the Arts")

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|title=Los grandes españoles. Romanones|first1=Luis|last1=Antón del Olmet|first2=José de|last2=Torres Bernal|location=Madrid|publisher=Imprenta de Juan Pueyo|year=1922|url=https://archive.org/details/romanoneslibroqu00antuoft/page/24/mode/2up}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosch, Alberto}}
[[Category:1848 births]]
[[Category:1900 deaths]]
[[Category:Spanish engineers]]
[[Category:Spanish lawyers]]
[[Category:Spanish academics]]
[[Category:Spanish politicians]]
[[Category:Mayors of Madrid]]
[[Category:Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration]]
[[Category:Members of the Senate of Spain]]
[[Category:Government ministers of Spain]]

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