I was reading the judgement and it said "...and that five thousand of them had been printed and distributed about the 22nd day of August, 1918". This was likely just a typo on the Wikipedia article. The judgement: https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/250/616/#annotation
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 04:18, 6 May 2024 |
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| ==Background == | ==Background == |
| On August 12, 1919, Hyman Rosansky was arrested after throwing flyers out of a fourth-floor window of a hat factory in [[Lower Manhattan]]. Rosansky had received the flyers at an [[Anarchism|anarchist]] meeting the previous day. There were two separate leaflets: one in English and signed "Revolutionists" that denounced [[Entente intervention in the Russian Civil War|the sending of American troops]] to intervene in the [[Russian Civil War]]; and a second in [[Yiddish]] that favored the [[Communism|communist]] side in the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]] and denounced the American production of weapons to be used against the communists.<ref name=":4">Szajkowsky, Z. (1971) Double Jeopardy - The Abrams Case of 1919. ''The American Jewish Archives'' XXIII(1), 6-32.</ref> Jacob Abrams, whose name was eventually used in the Supreme Court ruling, had printed the leaflets in his basement workshop. Relying on information provided by Rosansky, police soon arrested Abrams, [[Mollie Steimer]], and four other activists. All including Rosansky had emigrated to the United States from Russia and supported the communists in their efforts to depose the incumbent [[House of Romanov|czarist regime]].<ref>Polenberg, R. (1987), ''Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court, and Free Speech''. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.</ref> | On August 22, 1919, Hyman Rosansky was arrested after throwing flyers out of a fourth-floor window of a hat factory in [[Lower Manhattan]]. Rosansky had received the flyers at an [[Anarchism|anarchist]] meeting the previous day. There were two separate leaflets: one in English and signed "Revolutionists" that denounced [[Entente intervention in the Russian Civil War|the sending of American troops]] to intervene in the [[Russian Civil War]]; and a second in [[Yiddish]] that favored the [[Communism|communist]] side in the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]] and denounced the American production of weapons to be used against the communists.<ref name=":4">Szajkowsky, Z. (1971) Double Jeopardy - The Abrams Case of 1919. ''The American Jewish Archives'' XXIII(1), 6-32.</ref> Jacob Abrams, whose name was eventually used in the Supreme Court ruling, had printed the leaflets in his basement workshop. Relying on information provided by Rosansky, police soon arrested Abrams, [[Mollie Steimer]], and four other activists. All including Rosansky had emigrated to the United States from Russia and supported the communists in their efforts to depose the incumbent [[House of Romanov|czarist regime]].<ref>Polenberg, R. (1987), ''Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court, and Free Speech''. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.</ref> |
| The defendants were charged under the [[Sedition Act of 1918]] for inciting resistance to American military actions and urging curtailment of production of essential [[Materiel|war materiel]]. They were also charged for conspiring with Germany, which was an opponent of both the United States and Russia at the time.<ref name=":2" /> One defendant''–''Jacob Schwartz''–'' died while in jail from the [[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]], while another''–'' Gabriel Porter''–''was acquitted.<ref name=":4" /> The five remaining defendants were convicted in criminal court and received various sentences ranging from three to twenty years in prison; some were also condemned to deportation to their native Russia after the completion of their prison sentences. The defendants attempted a [[Freedom of speech|free speech]] argument and claimed that the Sedition Act conflicted with the [[Freedom of speech|free speech]] protections of the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]], but this argument was rejected by the criminal court.<ref name=":2" /> All five appealed their convictions to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]] with a focus on the First Amendment argument. | The defendants were charged under the [[Sedition Act of 1918]] for inciting resistance to American military actions and urging curtailment of production of essential [[Materiel|war materiel]]. They were also charged for conspiring with Germany, which was an opponent of both the United States and Russia at the time.<ref name=":2" /> One defendant''–''Jacob Schwartz''–'' died while in jail from the [[Spanish flu|Spanish Flu]], while another''–'' Gabriel Porter''–''was acquitted.<ref name=":4" /> The five remaining defendants were convicted in criminal court and received various sentences ranging from three to twenty years in prison; some were also condemned to deportation to their native Russia after the completion of their prison sentences. The defendants attempted a [[Freedom of speech|free speech]] argument and claimed that the Sedition Act conflicted with the [[Freedom of speech|free speech]] protections of the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]], but this argument was rejected by the criminal court.<ref name=":2" /> All five appealed their convictions to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|United States Supreme Court]] with a focus on the First Amendment argument. |
| ==Opinion of the court== | ==Opinion of the court== |
Okumaya devam et...