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| The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Binder |first=Sarah |date=2023-12-26 |title=Why Congress’s 2023 was so dismal |url=https://goodauthority.org/news/congress-2023-dismal/ |website=Good Authority |language=en-US}}</ref> The intense [[Gridlock (politics)|gridlock]], particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Garrity |first=Kelly |date=2023-11-15 |title=Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights |language=en |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/15/political-violence-civil-war-q-a-00127350 |access-date=2023-11-17}}</ref> resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon administration]], and possibly ever.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023 |title=Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/19/118-congress-bills-least-unproductive-chart}}</ref> The unproductive session demotivated many seasoned legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Scott |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/co...tion-drives-wave-house-retirements-rcna139642 |title=Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements |date=February 22, 2024}}</ref> | The 118th Congress has been characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Binder |first=Sarah |date=2023-12-26 |title=Why Congress’s 2023 was so dismal |url=https://goodauthority.org/news/congress-2023-dismal/ |website=Good Authority |language=en-US}}</ref> The intense [[Gridlock (politics)|gridlock]], particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes amongst its members,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Garrity |first=Kelly |date=2023-11-15 |title=Why Republicans Are on the Verge of Fistfights |language=en |work=Politico |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/11/15/political-violence-civil-war-q-a-00127350 |access-date=2023-11-17}}</ref> resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon administration]], and possibly ever.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023 |title=Capitol Hill stunner: 2023 led to fewest laws in decades |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/12/19/118-congress-bills-least-unproductive-chart}}</ref> The unproductive session demotivated many seasoned legislators, with five committee chairs amongst the dozens declaring resignations before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wong |first=Scott |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/co...tion-drives-wave-house-retirements-rcna139642 |title=Republican dysfunction drives a wave of House retirements |date=February 22, 2024}}</ref> |
| The Congress began with a multi-ballot [[January 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|election for Speaker of the House]], which had not happened since the [[68th United States Congress|68th Congress]] in 1923. [[Kevin McCarthy]] was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on Democratic votes to get out of a [[2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis|debt ceiling crisis]] and [[2023 United States federal government shutdown|government shutdown threats]], McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be [[Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House|removed from the role]] during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4236607-house-makes-history-removes-mccarthy-as-speaker/ |date=October 3, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, [[Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Mike Johnson]] was [[October 2023 speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|elected as speaker]]. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown |url=https://apnews.com/article/presiden...own-congress-cb36deb6815a2e3c43ebc178b2c8150f |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Caitlin |last=Yilek |date=March 1, 2024 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-government-shutdown-signs-bill-continuing-resolution/ |title=Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown |website=CBS News}}</ref> Congress finalized the [[2024 United States federal budget]] on March 23, 2024, through two separate [[omnibus spending bill#Minibus|minibus]] packages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-23 |first=Jan |last=Wondra |title=CONGRESS FINALLY PASSES BIPARTISAN FUNDING BILLS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024 |url=https://arkvalleyvoice.com/congress-finally-passes-bipartisan-funding-bills-for-fiscal-year-2024/ |website=Ark Valley Voice |language=en}}</ref> Following a contentious foreign aid vote, a motion to vacate against Johnson was defeated through a motion to table with bipartisan support.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House blocks Greene’s resolution to oust Johnson |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4652383-house-blocks-greenes-resolution-to-oust-johnson/ |date=May 9, 2024 |website=The Hill |first=Mychael |last=Schnell |language=en}}</ref> | The Congress began with a multi-ballot [[January 2023 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|election for Speaker of the House]], which had not happened since the [[68th United States Congress|68th Congress]] in 1923. [[Kevin McCarthy]] was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on Democratic votes to get out of a [[2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis|debt ceiling crisis]] and [[2023 United States federal government shutdown|government shutdown threats]], McCarthy became the first speaker to ever be [[Removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House|removed from the role]] during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House makes history, removes McCarthy as Speaker |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4236607-house-makes-history-removes-mccarthy-as-speaker/ |date=October 3, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, [[Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Mike Johnson]] was [[October 2023 speaker of the United States House of Representatives election|elected as speaker]]. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-19 |title=President Joe Biden signs bill to avoid a partial government shutdown |url=https://apnews.com/article/presiden...own-congress-cb36deb6815a2e3c43ebc178b2c8150f |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Caitlin |last=Yilek |date=March 1, 2024 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-government-shutdown-signs-bill-continuing-resolution/ |title=Biden signs short-term funding bill to avert government shutdown |website=CBS News}}</ref> Congress finalized the [[2024 United States federal budget]] on March 23, 2024, through two separate [[omnibus spending bill#Minibus|minibus]] packages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-23 |first=Jan |last=Wondra |title=CONGRESS FINALLY PASSES BIPARTISAN FUNDING BILLS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2024 |url=https://arkvalleyvoice.com/congress-finally-passes-bipartisan-funding-bills-for-fiscal-year-2024/ |website=Ark Valley Voice |language=en}}</ref> Following a contentious foreign aid vote, a motion to vacate against Johnson was defeated through a motion to table with bipartisan support.<ref>{{Cite web |title=House blocks Greene’s resolution to oust Johnson |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4652383-house-blocks-greenes-resolution-to-oust-johnson/ |date=May 8, 2024 |website=The Hill |first=Mychael |last=Schnell |language=en}}</ref> |
| Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative [[George Santos]] from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the [[107th United States Congress|107th]] in which a member was [[Expulsion from the United States Congress|expelled]], and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of [[Censure in the United States|censure]]s passed in the House,<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Mychael |last1=Schnell |title=GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/...wman-censure-resolution-teeing-up-final-vote/ |date=December 6, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> being the first congress with multiple censures since the [[1983 congressional page sex scandal]] and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an [[impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023 |title=Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us...ormalize-biden-impeachment-inquiry-2023-12-13}}</ref> followed by the [[impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas]] in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since [[William W. Belknap]] in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Beitsch |title=In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4452038-in-stunner-house-gop-bid-to-impeach-mayorkas-fails/ |date=February 6, 2024 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Parkinson |first=Josh |last2=Peller |first2=Lauren |last3=Ali |first3=Ayesha |date=2024-02-13 |title=House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hou...returning-impeach-mayorkas/story?id=107158284 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024021...returning-impeach-mayorkas/story?id=107158284 |archive-date=2024-02-14 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}} </ref> The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate...-precedent-by-rejecting-mayorkas-impeachment/ |title=Cruz: Democrats tossed ‘2 centuries of precedent’ by rejecting Mayorkas articles of impeachment |first=Miranda |last=Nazzaro |date=April 18, 2024 |website=The Hill }}</ref> | Partisan disciplinary actions have also increased. With the expulsion of New York Representative [[George Santos]] from the House in December 2023 over the opposition of the Speaker, this was the first congress since the [[107th United States Congress|107th]] in which a member was [[Expulsion from the United States Congress|expelled]], and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of [[Censure in the United States|censure]]s passed in the House,<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Mychael |last1=Schnell |title=GOP advances Bowman censure resolution, teeing up final vote |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/...wman-censure-resolution-teeing-up-final-vote/ |date=December 6, 2023 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref> being the first congress with multiple censures since the [[1983 congressional page sex scandal]] and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an [[impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023 |title=Biden impeachment inquiry authorized by House Republicans, despite lack of evidence |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us...ormalize-biden-impeachment-inquiry-2023-12-13}}</ref> followed by the [[impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas]] in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since [[William W. Belknap]] in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Rebecca |last1=Beitsch |title=In stunner, House GOP bid to impeach Mayorkas fails|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4452038-in-stunner-house-gop-bid-to-impeach-mayorkas-fails/ |date=February 6, 2024 |website=The Hill |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Parkinson |first=Josh |last2=Peller |first2=Lauren |last3=Ali |first3=Ayesha |date=2024-02-13 |title=House Republicans impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas in historic, controversial vote |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/hou...returning-impeach-mayorkas/story?id=107158284 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2024021...returning-impeach-mayorkas/story?id=107158284 |archive-date=2024-02-14 |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}} </ref> The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate...-precedent-by-rejecting-mayorkas-impeachment/ |title=Cruz: Democrats tossed ‘2 centuries of precedent’ by rejecting Mayorkas articles of impeachment |first=Miranda |last=Nazzaro |date=April 18, 2024 |website=The Hill }}</ref> |
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| * April 16–17, 2024: Two articles of impeachment against Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas are delivered and read in the Senate, with [[Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas#Senate trial|votes on the following day]] to dismiss both articles without a full trial, 51–48 and 51–49.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=Senate rejects impeachment articles against Mayorkas, ending trial against Cabinet secretary |url=https://apnews.com/article/mayorkas...al-democrats-29aa775c0e866f4160f320583f261a72 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> | * April 16–17, 2024: Two articles of impeachment against Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas are delivered and read in the Senate, with [[Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas#Senate trial|votes on the following day]] to dismiss both articles without a full trial, 51–48 and 51–49.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=Senate rejects impeachment articles against Mayorkas, ending trial against Cabinet secretary |url=https://apnews.com/article/mayorkas...al-democrats-29aa775c0e866f4160f320583f261a72 |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> |
| * April 24, 2024: Representative [[Donald Payne Jr.]] of New Jersey dies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=New Jersey congressman Donald Payne Jr. dies at 65 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/24/donald-payne-death-congress-new-jersey/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Washington Post|language=en}}</ref> | * April 24, 2024: Representative [[Donald Payne Jr.]] of New Jersey dies.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-24 |title=New Jersey congressman Donald Payne Jr. dies at 65 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/04/24/donald-payne-death-congress-new-jersey/ |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=The Washington Post|language=en}}</ref> |
| * May 7, 2024: House votes 359–43 to table a motion removing Mike Johnson from the position of Speaker of the House.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Miriam |last2=Peller |first2=Lauren |date=2024-05-07 |title=House quickly kills Marjorie Taylor Greene's effort to oust Speaker Johnson |language=en |work=[[ABC News]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mar...s-vote-motion-oust-speaker/story?id=110043228 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> | * May 8, 2024: House votes 359–43 to table a motion removing Mike Johnson from the position of Speaker of the House.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Miriam |last2=Peller |first2=Lauren |date=2024-05-08 |title=House quickly kills Marjorie Taylor Greene's effort to oust Speaker Johnson |language=en |work=[[ABC News]] |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mar...s-vote-motion-oust-speaker/story?id=110043228 |access-date=2024-05-08}}</ref> |
| == Major legislation == | == Major legislation == |
Okumaya devam et...