Formations
Okumaya devam et...
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| [[File:Building on the site of the Harbin bioweapon facility of Unit 731 関東軍防疫給水部本部731部隊（石井部隊）日軍第731部隊旧址 PB121201.JPG|thumb|Building of the Unit 731 bioweapon facility in [[Harbin]]]] | [[File:Building on the site of the Harbin bioweapon facility of Unit 731 関東軍防疫給水部本部731部隊（石井部隊）日軍第731部隊旧址 PB121201.JPG|thumb|Building of the Unit 731 bioweapon facility in [[Harbin]]]] |
| Japan initiated its biological weapons program during the 1930s due to the prohibition of biological weapons in interstate conflicts by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. They reasoned that the ban verified its effectiveness as a weapon.<ref name="Kristof"/> Japan's occupation of [[Manchuria]] began in 1931 after the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]].<ref name="montana1">{{cite web|url=https://www.montana.edu/historybug/yersiniaessays/shama.html |title=Japan – Insects, Disease, and History | Montana State University |publisher=Montana.edu |date= |access-date=2022-06-01}}</ref> Japan decided to build Unit 731 in Manchuria because the occupation not only gave the Japanese an advantage of separating the research station from their island, but also gave them access to as many Chinese individuals as they wanted for use as test subjects.<ref name="montana1"/> They viewed the Chinese as no-cost assets, and hoped this would give them a competitive advantage in biological warfare.<ref name="montana1"/> Most of the victims were Chinese, but many victims were also from different nationalities.<ref name="Kristof"/> These facilities contained more than just medical research and experimentation areas; they also included spaces for detaining victims, essentially functioning as a prison.<ref>{{cite book |last1=LaFleur| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGQYOvo9-AsC&q=Yoshimura+ |first1=William |last2=Böhme |first2=Gernot |last3=Shimazono |first3=Susumu |title=Dark medicine: rationalizing unethical medical research |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press|page=75-76|location=US| isbn=978-0-253-22041-7 }}</ref> The research and experimentation rooms were constructed around the detention area, allowing researchers to conduct their daily work while monitoring the prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=LaFleur| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGQYOvo9-AsC&q=Yoshimura+ |first1=William |last2=Böhme |first2=Gernot |last3=Shimazono |first3=Susumu |title=Dark medicine: rationalizing unethical medical research |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press|page=75-76|location=US| isbn=978-0-253-22041-7 }}</ref> | Japan initiated its biological weapons program during the 1930s due to the prohibition of biological weapons in interstate conflicts by the [[Geneva Protocol]] of 1925. They reasoned that the ban verified its effectiveness as a weapon.<ref name="Kristof"/> Japan's occupation of [[Manchuria]] began in 1931 after the [[Japanese invasion of Manchuria]].<ref name="montana1">{{cite web|url=https://www.montana.edu/historybug/yersiniaessays/shama.html |title=Japan – Insects, Disease, and History | Montana State University |publisher=Montana.edu |date= |access-date=2022-06-01}}</ref> Japan decided to build Unit 731 in Manchuria because the occupation not only gave the Japanese an advantage of separating the research station from their island, but also gave them access to as many Chinese individuals as they wanted for use as test subjects.<ref name="montana1"/> They viewed the Chinese as no-cost assets, and hoped this would give them a competitive advantage in biological warfare.<ref name="montana1"/> Most of the victims were Chinese, but many victims were also from different nationalities.<ref name="Kristof"/> These facilities contained more than just medical research and experimentation areas; they also included spaces for detaining victims, essentially functioning as a prison.<ref>{{cite book |last1=LaFleur| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGQYOvo9-AsC&q=Yoshimura+ |first1=William |last2=Böhme |first2=Gernot |last3=Shimazono |first3=Susumu |title=Dark medicine: rationalizing unethical medical research |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press|page=75-76|location=US| isbn=978-0-253-22041-7 }}</ref> The research and experimentation rooms were constructed around the detention area, allowing researchers to conduct their daily work while monitoring the prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=LaFleur| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gGQYOvo9-AsC&q=Yoshimura+ |first1=William |last2=Böhme |first2=Gernot |last3=Shimazono |first3=Susumu |title=Dark medicine: rationalizing unethical medical research |date=2007 |publisher=Indiana University Press|page=75-76|location=US| isbn=978-0-253-22041-7 }}</ref> |
| Unit 731 was a clandestine division of Japan's Kwantung Army based in Manchuria during World War II. Led by Lieutenant General [[Shirō Ishii]], the organization dedicated to the advancement of biological weaponry within the imperial army was commonly referred to as the Ishii Network since the late 1930s.<ref>https://apjjf.org/tsuneishi-keiichi/2194/article</ref> | Unit 731 was a clandestine division of Japan's Kwantung Army based in Manchuria during World War II. Led by Lieutenant General [[Shirō Ishii]], the organization dedicated to the advancement of biological weaponry within the imperial army was commonly referred to as the Ishii Network since the late 1930s.<ref>https://apjjf.org/tsuneishi-keiichi/2194/article</ref> |
Okumaya devam et...