The outbreak of war
Okumaya devam et...
← Previous revision | Revision as of 20:48, 19 April 2024 |
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| === The outbreak of war === | === The outbreak of war === |
[[File eclaração de Guerra contra as Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata 1825 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The Brazilian declaration of war, signed by the Viscount of Santo Amaro{{Efn|It reads: Having the Government of the United Provinces of the River Plate practiced acts of hostility against this Empire without provocation, and without preceding an express declaration of war, disregarding the forms received among civilized nations, it suits the dignity of the Brazilian Nation and the order that it must occupy among the powers, that I, having heard my Council of State, declare as I do declare war against the said provinces and their government: therefore I order that all possible hostilities be carried out against them by sea and land, authorizing privateering and armament, which my subjects might want to propose themselves against that nation; Declaring that all takings and prizes, whatever their quality, will belong completely to their captors, without any deduction for the benefit of the Public Treasury. May The Supreme Military Council understand it as such and publishes it, sending it by copy to the competent stations and publishing it in notices.<br/><br/>Rio de Janeiro Palace on 10 December 1825, the fourth [year] of the independence and the Empire.<br/><br/>With his imperial majesty's signature. Viscount of Santo Amaro.}}]] | [[Fileeclaração de Guerra contra as Províncias Unidas do Rio da Prata 1825 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|The Brazilian declaration of war, signed by the Viscount of Santo Amaro{{Efn|It reads: Having the Government of the United Provinces of the River Plate practiced acts of hostility against this Empire without provocation, and without preceding an express declaration of war, disregarding the forms received among civilized nations, it suits the dignity of the Brazilian Nation and the order that it must occupy among the powers, that I, having heard my Council of State, declare as I do declare war against the said provinces and their government: therefore I order that all possible hostilities be carried out against them by sea and land, authorizing privateering and armament, which my subjects might want to propose themselves against that nation; Declaring that all takings and prizes, whatever their quality, will belong completely to their captors, without any deduction for the benefit of the Public Treasury. May the Supreme Military Council understand it as such and publishes it, sending it by copy to the competent stations and publishing it in notices.<br/><br/>Rio de Janeiro Palace on 10 December 1825, the fourth [year] of the independence and the Empire.<br/><br/>With his imperial majesty's signature. Viscount of Santo Amaro.}}]] |
| With the rebellion gaining traction after the victories at Rincón and [[Battle of Sarandí|Sarandí]], the Argentines began mobilizing for war.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1pp=88–89|Calmon|2002|2p=192}} The Congress of the United Provinces approved, on 11 May 1825, a law that provided for the creation and maintenance of an army. This army, created by [[Juan Gregorio de las Heras]] on 13 May 1825, was named "Observation Army" and had a predicted strength of 8,000 men.{{Sfn|Carneiro|1946|p=89}} Command was given to general [[Martín Rodríguez (politician)|Martín Rodriguez]], who positioned it along the Uruguay River without any notification to the Brazilian government.{{Sfnm|Armitage|1836|1pp=216–217|Soares|2021|2p=53}} This act caused the protest of the Brazilian consul in Buenos Aires, {{ill|Antônio José Falcão da Frota|pt}}, who had been appointed for the office that same month.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=89|Randig|2017|2pp=514–515}} | With the rebellion gaining traction after the victories at Rincón and [[Battle of Sarandí|Sarandí]], the Argentines began mobilizing for war.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1pp=88–89|Calmon|2002|2p=192}} The Congress of the United Provinces approved, on 11 May 1825, a law that provided for the creation and maintenance of an army. This army, created by [[Juan Gregorio de las Heras]] on 13 May 1825, was named "Observation Army" and had a predicted strength of 8,000 men.{{Sfn|Carneiro|1946|p=89}} Command was given to general [[Martín Rodríguez (politician)|Martín Rodriguez]], who positioned it along the Uruguay River without any notification to the Brazilian government.{{Sfnm|Armitage|1836|1pp=216–217|Soares|2021|2p=53}} This act caused the protest of the Brazilian consul in Buenos Aires, {{ill|Antônio José Falcão da Frota|pt}}, who had been appointed for the office that same month.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=89|Randig|2017|2pp=514–515}} |
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| The [[National Congress of Argentina|Argentine Congress]] proclaimed the Cisplatina province reintegrated into the United Provinces on 25 October 1825, declaring that it would help the insurgents against Brazil by all means;{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Randig|2017|2p=514|Calmon|2002|3p=192}} this decision was communicated to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil by means of a note on 3 November.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Calmon|2002|2p=192}} The following day, the Argentine government broke off diplomatic relations with Brazil, claiming that the Imperial Navy had engaged in acts of hostility in the River Plate.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Randig|2017|2p=515}} Faced with this situation, the Empire of Brazil then responded by formally declaring war on the United Provinces on 10 December 1825, with admiral Rodrigo Lobo declaring "all the ports of the Republic in a state of blockade" eleven days later, on 21 December.{{Sfnm|Manning|1918|1p=296|Randig|2017|2p=515|Calmon|2002|3p=193|Carneiro|1946|4pp=90–91|Vale|2001|5p=43}} In order to effectively fight Brazil, the Argentine Congress then created the central executive power and elected [[Bernardino Rivadavia]] as the country's first president.{{Sfn|Doratioto|2009|p=221}} | The [[National Congress of Argentina|Argentine Congress]] proclaimed the Cisplatina province reintegrated into the United Provinces on 25 October 1825, declaring that it would help the insurgents against Brazil by all means;{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Randig|2017|2p=514|Calmon|2002|3p=192}} this decision was communicated to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil by means of a note on 3 November.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Calmon|2002|2p=192}} The following day, the Argentine government broke off diplomatic relations with Brazil, claiming that the Imperial Navy had engaged in acts of hostility in the River Plate.{{Sfnm|Carneiro|1946|1p=90|Randig|2017|2p=515}} Faced with this situation, the Empire of Brazil then responded by formally declaring war on the United Provinces on 10 December 1825, with admiral Rodrigo Lobo declaring "all the ports of the Republic in a state of blockade" eleven days later, on 21 December.{{Sfnm|Manning|1918|1p=296|Randig|2017|2p=515|Calmon|2002|3p=193|Carneiro|1946|4pp=90–91|Vale|2001|5p=43}} In order to effectively fight Brazil, the Argentine Congress then created the central executive power and elected [[Bernardino Rivadavia]] as the country's first president.{{Sfn|Doratioto|2009|p=221}} |
| == Opposing forces == | == Opposing forces == |
Okumaya devam et...